Efficacy and safety of paclitaxel albumin assisted platinum chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer based on tumor factors and inflammatory status / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel albumin assisted platinum chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer based on tumor factors and inflammatory status. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were randomly divided into two groups: 50 patients in the control group were treated with paclitaxel-assisted nedaplatin regimen, and 50 patients in the study group were treated with paclitaxel-assisted nedaplatin regimen. The short-term efficacy, tumor factors, inflammatory factors, relapse-metastasis related indexes, quality of life, functional status and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total remission rate of the study group (72.00%) was higher than that of the control group (48.00%) (P0.05), but the total incidence of adverse reactions (12.00%) was lower than that of the control group (32.00%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel albumin-assisted nedaplatin has a reliable effect in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer, which can further reduce the level of tumor factors, relieve inflammation, and has high safety.

Exploring the Relationship between Biologics and Postoperative Surgical Morbidity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Review.

BACKGROUND: With the paradigm shift related to the overspread use of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), several questions emerged from the surgical perspective. Whether the use of biologicals would be associated with higher rates of postoperative complications in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients still remains controversial. AIMS: We aimed to analyze the literature, searching for studies that correlated postoperative complications and preoperative exposure to biologics in UC patients, and synthesize these data qualitatively in order to check the possible impact of biologics on postoperative surgical morbidity in this population. METHODS: Included studies were identified by electronic search in the PUBMED database according to the PRISMA (Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality and bias assessments were performed by MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) criteria for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: 608 studies were initially identified, 22 of which were selected for qualitative evaluation. From those, 19 studies (17 retrospective and two prospective) included preoperative anti-TNF. Seven described an increased risk of postoperative complications, and 12 showed no significant increase postoperative morbidity. Only three studies included surgical UC patients with previous use of vedolizumab, two retrospective and one prospective, all with no significant correlation between the drug and an increase in postoperative complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Despite conflicting results, most studies have not shown increased complication rates after abdominal surgical procedures in patients with UC with preoperative exposure to biologics. Further prospective studies are needed to better establish the impact of preoperative biologics and surgical complications in UC.

Research progress of hepatocellular carcioma patient-derived human tumor xenograft models / 中国药理学通报

Patient-derived human tumor xenograft (PDX) models can maintain the histopathological, growth and metastasis characteristics of primary tumors well, and can still retain these characteristics of primary tumors in large degreeafter multiple passages. It is closely related to the tumors of primary patients with great importance in scientific research. The hepatocellular carcinoma PDX models has been used in patients'individualized drug screening, evaluation of drug efficacy, exploration of treatment direction, occurrence and development mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. It shows excellent application prospects. This article reviews the methods, applications and tumorigenie factors of hepatocellular carcinoma PDX model.

Understanding the Mechanisms of Resistance to CAR T-Cell Therapy in Malignancies.

Taking advantage of the immune system to exert an antitumor effect is currently a novel approach in cancer therapy. Adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting a desired antigen has shown extraordinary antitumor activity, especially in refractory and relapsed B-cell malignancies. The most representative in this respect, as well as the most successful example, is CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, with the widespread use of CAR T-cell therapy, problems of resistance and relapse are starting to be considered. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the mechanisms of resistance to CAR T-cell therapy from three aspects, namely, CAR T-cell factors, tumor factors, and tumor microenvironment factors, offering insights for improving CAR T-cell therapy.

Injury-induced fetal reprogramming imparts multipotency and reparative properties to pericardial adipose stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Injury may induce a sequential activation of intrinsic reparative activity that supports the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. METHOD: In the present experiments, we investigated whether myocardial infarction (MI) was able to reinstate the expression of Wilms' tumor factor 1 (WT1) as a key hallmark of fetal reprograming in the pericardial adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC). We characterized the immunophenotypical markers, cardiac potential, and reparative activity of WT1-expressing pADSC (WT1pos) isolated MI Wistar rats with an intact pericardial sac in which cardiac transudate was accumulated, sampled, and analyzed. RESULTS: The WT1pos cells formed colony-like aggregates in culture that subsequently generated phase-bright cells that homogenously constituted WT1 expression (> 98%). The WT1pos cells shared identical surface markers with canonical pADSC, but enhanced transcripts for cardiogenesis (isl-1, gata-4, Sox2 and Tbx18) as well as cardiac commitment (endothelial: 28%; cardiomyogenic: 12.3%) in defined conditions. Remarkably, cardiac transplantation of WT1pos cells promoted regional angiogenesis and myogenesis which led to significant functional amelioration of the infarcted hearts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that WT1pos cells uniquely secreted hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a key antiapoptotic factor that promotes cardiac repair. CONCLUSION: Injury-associated fetal reprogramming in pADSC facilitates cardiac differentiation and promotes the reparative activity by enhancing HGF production. As such, injury-"conditioned" pADSC may represent a useful autologous cell donor from infarcted patients for cell-based therapy.

TNF-alpha in the Pleural Fluid for the Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculous and Malignant Effusion / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Determining the cause of an exudative pleural effusion is sometimes quite difficult, especially between malignant and tuberculous effusions. Twenty percent of effusions remain undiagnosed even after a complete diagnostic evaluation, including pleural biopsy. The activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is the one of proinflammatory cytokines, is increased in both infectious and malignant effusions. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of TNF-alpha activity in distinguishing tuberculous from malignant effusions. METHODS: 46 patients (13 with malignant pleural effusion, 33 with tuberculous pleural effusion) with exudative pleurisy were included. TNF-alpha concentrations were measured in the pleural fluid and serum samples using an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, TNF-alpha ratio (pleural fluid TNF-alpha : serum TNF-alpha) was calculated. RESULTS: TNF-alpha concentration and TNF-alpha ratio in the pleural fluid were significantly higher in the tuberculous effusions than in the malignant effusions (p0.05). The cut off points for the pleural fluid TNF-alpha level and TNF-alpha ratio were found to be 136.4 pg/mL and 6.4, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 81%, 80% and 0.82 for the pleural fluid TNF-alpha level (p<0.005) and 76%, 70% and 0.72 for the TNF-alpha ratio (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that pleural fluid TNF-alpha level and TNF-alpha ratio can distinguish a malignant pleural effusion from a tuberculous effusion, and can be additional markers in a differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. The level of TNF-alpha in the pleural fluid could be a more efficient marker than the TNF-alpha ratio.