Erratum: Smicromyrmefrankburgeri Schmid-Egger (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae), a replacement name for S.burgeri Schmid-Egger, 2021, preoccupied by S.burgeri Lelej, 2020.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1062.70763.].

Review of Eotrogaspidia Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Trogaspidiini).

Ten species of Eotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996, two related species of Trogaspidia Ashmead, 1899 and one related species of Vanhartenidia Lelej in Lelej van Harten, 2006 are revised. Before this study, Eotrogaspidia included the following four species: E. amans (André, 1909) (♂♀), E. auroguttata (Smith, 1855) (♂♀), E. ekka (Nurse, 1902) (♀) and E. oryzae (Pagden, 1934) (♂♀). In the present paper, four new species are described: E. adhabar sp. nov. (♂) (India, Nepal), E. buddha sp. nov. (♂♀) (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), E. hauseri sp. nov. (♂) (India, Nepal) and E. melanopleura sp. nov. (♀) (China). Three species are transferred to Eotrogaspidia from Trogaspidia: E. lena (Cameron, 1899), comb. nov. (♂), E. rubripes (André, 1901), comb. nov. (♀) and E. saussurei (Lelej, 2005), comb. nov. (♂♀). Mutilla ekka Nurse, 1902 from India is transferred from Eotrogaspidia to Vanhartenidia ekka, comb. nov. The male of E. saussurei is described. New synonymies are proposed for E. auroguttata (= T. vallicola Tsuneki, 1993, syn. nov.) and Trogaspidia mackieae (Cockerell, 1928) (= T. pacifica Tsuneki, 1972, syn. nov.). Eight new country records are presented: one from China, two from Laos, one from Vietnam, two from India, one from Iran, and one from Afghanistan. Female specimens of E. buddha sp. nov. were formerly misidentified as T. acidalia (Cameron, 1897), stat. resurr. by the late B. Petersen. The lectotype of T. acidalia is designated and illustrated to clarify its identity. Diagnoses and illustrations for reviewed species and a key to all known Eotrogaspidia species and related genera are provided for males and females.

Description of the male of Xystromutilla bucki Suárez, 1960 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae), including new information on the biology of the genus.

The male of Xystromutilla bucki Suárez, 1960 is described and associated with the female based on couples reared from trap-nests occupied by Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Information on the diapause of X. bucki and Pseudomethoca nr. chontalensis (Cameron, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is presented. Seasonal and annual variation in the abundance of X. turrialba Casal, 1969 are also given.

Review of the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Indian subcontinent, with description of two new species.

Review of the 12 species and one subspecies of the genus Odontomutilla of the Indian subcontinent is provided. Two new species, O. sairandhriensis Terine, Girish Kumar Lelej, sp. nov., ♀ (Kerala part of Southern Western Ghats) and O. fletcheri Lelej, Terine Girish Kumar, sp. nov. ♀, ♂ (Sri Lanka), and the hitherto unknown male of O. trichocondyla (André, 1894) are described and illustrated. Mutilla indiga Bingham, 1908, ♂ (India: Uttar Pradesh) is transferred from the genus Odontomutilla to Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870 (comb. nov.). Odontomutilla speciosa (Smith, 1855), ♀ is excluded from the Indian subcontinent fauna as misidentified O. spectra (Bingham, 1908). Keys to the 12 species and one subspecies (males and females) of the genus are given.

Review of Leucospilomutilla Ashmead and Description of the New Genus Atlantilla (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

The new genus Atlantilla Williams & Bartholomay, gen. nov. (type species Mutilla auriculata Gerstaecker, 1874), is proposed based on the combination of previously undescribed males from the Atlantic Forest and females of Traumatomutilla auriculata (Gerstaecker, Arch Naturgesch 40:41-77, 1874). This genus is similar to Leucospilomutilla Ashmead, 1903, which is also reviewed here. The previously unknown male of L. staurogastra Suárez, 1973 is described. Keys and illustrations are provided for each of the three known Leucospilomutilla species.

Does the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead occur in South America? The new genus Quwitilla, new combinations, and new distribution records from Neotropical velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae).

Nine species of the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead have been recorded from South America. One additional species, D. campogrande Manley Pitts was erroneously recorded from Mexico but is from Brazil, and another species, D. colorado Cambra, Williams Quintero was recently discovered in Colombia. Four of these nine Dasymutilla belong to a new genus, Quwitilla Williams, Bartholomay Cambra, gen. nov., which includes: Q. peruviana (Suárez), comb. nov. (and its newly recognized female D. homochroma Suárez, syn. nov.; Q. bellatrix (Manley Pitts), comb. nov. (based on female only); and Q. blattoserica (Kohl) comb. nov. (type species, already known from both sexes). Two others are actually synonyms of previously recognized Traumatomutilla André species: Dasymutilla brazilia Manley Pitts, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of T. oculifera (Smith), and D. campogrande, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of T. inermis (Klug). One species is transferred out of Dasymutilla: Xystromutilla aequatorialis (André), comb. nov. Finally, updates and comments are provided on the distribution of D. araneoides (Smith), D. colorado, D. paradoxa (Gerstaecker), and D. pulchra (Smith), the only four South American species remaining in the genus Dasymutilla.

Genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera): corrections and updates since 2008.

Information is provided for 38 genus-group names in Mutillidae, of which 13 have been proposed as new since 2008. For 14 names, additional information is provided beyond that given in Lelej Brothers (2008), including a new synonymy (Cameronilla Lelej in Lelej Krombein, 2001 = Spilomutilla Ashmead, 1903). One additional nomen nudum and ten additional incorrect spellings discovered since 2008 are also included. Corrections to the dating and/or numbering of references and addition of references found to have been omitted in the earlier paper are also provided.

A contribution to the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Hong Kong.

A list of 12 species in nine genera occurring in Hong Kong is given. The hitherto unknown male of Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel, 1933) is described and illustrated. Six species are newly recorded from Hong Kong. The current number of known mutillid species of Hong Kong is doubled from six to 12.

New species of Traumatomutilla André in the T. tabapua and T. integella species-groups (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae).

Five new species of Traumatomutilla André from Brazil are described: T. fratres Bartholomay Williams sp. nov., T. anhanga Bartholomay Williams sp. nov., T. barathra Bartholomay Williams sp. nov., T. poranga Bartholomay Williams sp. nov. and T. pantherina Bartholomay Williams sp. nov. Traumatomutilla tabapua Casal, 1969, T. luscoides André, 1908 and T. integella (Cresson, 1902) are redescribed. T. verecunda (Cresson, 1902) is proposed as junior synonym of T. integella based on morphological evidence. T. luscoides is transferred from the T. integella to the T. tabapua species-group.

Stinging wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), which species have the longest sting?

The stings of bees, wasps, and ants are something that catches the attention of anyone that experiences them. While many recent studies have focused on the pain inflicted by the stings of various stinging wasps, bees, or ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), little is known about how the length of the sting itself varies between species. Here, we investigate the sting length of a variety of aculeate wasps, and compare that to reported pain and toxicity values. We find that velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) have the longest sting compared to their body size out of any bee, wasp, or ant species. We also find that there is no link between relative sting length and pain; however, we did find an inverse relationship between relative sting length and toxicity with taxa having shorter relative stings being more toxic. While we found a significant relationship between host use and relative sting length, we suggest that the long sting length of the velvet ants is also related to their suite of defenses to avoid predation.

Description of the male of Darditilla araxa (Cresson, 1902) (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with geographical distribution, biological notes and key to males of Brazil.

The previously unknown male of Darditilla araxa is here described based on association with females in copula. We also present a map with its geographical distribution, additional biological notes and a key for known Brazilian males of Darditilla.

A new species of Petalomium cross, 1965 (Heterostigmata: Neopygmephoridae) and records of trochometridium tribulatum cross, 1965 (heterostigmata: Trochometridiidae) from Brazil

A new species, Petalomium barrosbattestiae sp.n. (Acari: Neopygmephoridae), associated with Traumatomutilla rubroguttata (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from Brazil, is described. Some new host records of Trochometridium tribulatum Cross, 1965 are reported, including the first record of this species in Brazil. The association between mites of the genus Petalomium and velvet ants is reported for the first time.

The first sexual associations in the genus Darditilla Casal, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae).

New sex associations are proposed for four species of Darditilla: Darditillaamabilis (Gerstaecker, 1874); Darditillabejaranoi Casal, 1968; Darditilladebilis (Gerstaecker, 1874); and Darditillafelina (Burmeister, 1854). Darditillabotija Casal, 1965, syn. n. is the male of Darditillaamabilis; the other three males were previously unknown. Mutilladecorosa Kohl, 1882, syn. n. is conspecific with Darditillafelina. Descriptions and extended diagnoses are provided for previously unknown males and for females that were not adequately described. These represent the first sex associations for the genus Darditilla.