Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Tic Disorders in Children from the Theory of Qi Movement of Zang-Fu Organs Based on “Manifestation-Body and Spirit-Qi” / 中医杂志

Based on the theory of “manifestation-body and spirit-qi”， it is considered that the pathogenesis of tic disorders （TD） involves three manifestations of “wind， phlegm and fire”， with wind as the leading factor and phlegm and fire as the accompanying factors. It is advocated to identify the abnormality of body and spirit， summarize the evolution of manifestation， and prescribe flexibly based on qi movement of zang-fu organs. Among them， the common symptoms related to tics are mostly belong to wind symptoms， which originated from lung qi failing to purify and liver qi over-ascent. The method of soothing liver wood and purifying lung gold is adopted， and modified Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） and Cangerzi Powder （苍耳子散） are recommended； Patients with prolonged illness and strange symptoms are often mixed with phlegm， which stemmed from the fact that spleen failing to rise clear and stomach failing to downward turbid. The method of raising spleen-earth and lowering stomach-earth is adopted， and modified Yigong Powder （异功散） and Erchen Decoction （二陈汤） are recommended； Patients with severe symptoms are often mixed with fire symptoms， which originated from discordance of water and fire and hyperactivity of heart fire. The method of interacting heart and kidney and coordinating water and fire is adopted， and modified Xiegan Pill （泻肝丸） and Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸） are recommended， in order to regulate qi movement， harmonize body and spirit， and improve the symptoms.

Thinking of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Panvascular Diseases Based on ''Blood Vessel-Zangfu Organ-Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment'' / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The term ''panvascular'' refers to the human vascular system， which is a complex network of arteries， veins， and lymphatic vessels. Panvascular diseases refer to a group of vascular system diseases， with vascular atherosclerosis as the common pathological feature. The panvascular diseases in target organs such as the heart， brain， kidney， and limbs are caused by ischemia or bleeding， including arterial system diseases， venous system diseases， microcirculation system diseases， and Zangfu organ-blood vessel diseases. The concept of panvascular diseases integrates vascular lesions and target organ damage. In clinical practice， blood vessels in multiple regions are regarded as a large vascular unit system， and vascular lesions and the induced target organ damage are considered as a whole. Based on the holistic concept and the Zangxiang theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the ''blood vessel-Zangfu organ-syndrome differentiation and treatment'' network is built， on the basis of which a pattern of vascular disease-Zangfu organ dysfunction-syndrome differentiation and treatment is applied to the TCM diagnosis and treatment of panvascular diseases. The theory of treating arterial system diseases from the heart， venous system diseases from the kidneys， and microvascular system diseases from the liver is proposed. According to the causes identified based on syndrome differentiation， this paper summarizes the methods of reinforcing Yang and activating blood （including warming Yang and activating blood， replenishing Qi and activating blood， replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin and activating blood， activating Yang and blood， dispersing cold and activating blood）， cooling blood and resolving stasis， tonifying kidney and promoting urination coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， and soothing liver and regulating Qi coupled with activating blood and dredging collaterals， as well as wind-extinguishing medicines， applied to the treatment of panvascular diseases， aiming to provide methods and ideas for the treatment of vascular diseases with TCM.

Investigation into the association between physical health parameters and tongue image characteristics in college students

Objective: To investigate the correlation between physical health and tongue signs in college students. Methods. Twelve hundred and fourteen college students in the first year of a university in Ningbo were randomly selected as the study subjects, all of whom met the inclusion criteria to test their physical health and perform Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis. All collected data were later imported into an Excel sheet to create a database, and SPSS19.0 statistical software was used for data statistics and analysis. The mean of the measured data was expressed as standard deviation ±, the count data was expressed as frequency, the categorical data was expressed as X2 test, and the analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results. (1) Among each constitution type, the agreement rates from highest to lowest were: damp-heat constitution (85.17%), blood stasis constitution (83.33%), calm constitution (79.78%), yin deficiency constitution (75.68%), yang deficiency constitution (74.47%), phlegm-damp constitution (69.70%), qi deficiency constitution (65.00%), qi-yu constitution (0.00%), special endowment physique (0.00%). (2) The two factors of gender and obesity had a small effect on the agreement rate of the results of the tongue image and health status questionnaire in identifying TCM constitution, and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). (3) Two factors, the degree of understanding of the health status questionnaire and the environment in which the tongue images were taken, had a greater influence on the agreement rate between the tongue images and the health status questionnaire in identifying the TCM physique, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that lung capacity, sitting forward bend, 1000m, standing long jump for boys, 50m and 800m for girls were the influencing factors of normal tongue image (AU)

Effect of electroacupuncture at the acupoints for Tiaozang Xingshen on cerebral metabolism in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction. / "调脏醒神"电针对2åž‹ç³–å°¿ç— ç›¸å ³è®¤çŸ¥åŠŸèƒ½éšœç¢æ‚£è€ è„‘å† ä»£è°¢çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cerebral metabolism in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction (T2DACD) and explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at the acupoints for Tiaozang Xingshen (adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the spirit) in treatment of T2DACD, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: Fifteen patients with T2DACD (observation group) and 22 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. In the observation group, the patients were treated with EA for Tiaozang Xingshen at Baihui (GV 20) and Shenting (GV 24), and bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3). EA was operated with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency and 0.1 mA to 1.0 mA in current intensity; 30 min each time, once daily. One course of EA consisted of 5 treatments, at the interval of 2 days and the intervention lasted 8 courses. Before treatment in the control group, before and after treatment in the observation group, the score of Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), the score of clinical dementia rating (CDR), Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, Nback paradigm, the score of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the score of self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the score of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were evaluated separately; the glycolipid metabolic indexes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycosylated hemoglobin type A1c [HbA1c], total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerol [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) were determined；with the magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique adopted, the metabolites in the basal ganglia area were detected. The correlation analysis was performed for the metabolite values with MoCA score, CDR score , Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, and Nback paradigm. RESULTS: Before treatment, compared with the control group, in the observation group, MoCA score was lower (P<0.001), CDR score and the levels of FPG and HbA1c were higher (P<0.001); the reaction times of Flanker non-conflict, Flanker conflict, Stroop neutrality, Stroop congruence, Stroop conflict, and 1-back were prolonged (P<0.05, P<0.001), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict, Stroop conflict, and 1-back decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the left basal ganglia area was dropped (P<0.001), and that of myo-inositol (MI) to Cr in the right side increased (P<0.05). In the observation group after treatment, compared with the levels before treatment, MoCA score was higher (P<0.001), the scores of CDR, SAS and HAMD were reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), the reaction times of Flanker conflict and Stroop conflict shortened (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict and 1-back increased (P<0.001, P<0.05); the ratio of NAA to Cr in the left basal ganglia area and that of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to Cr in the right increased (P<0.05), that of MI to Cr in the right decreased (P<0.05). Before treatment, in the observation group, the ratio of MI to Cr in the right basal ganglia area was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop congruence (r=0.671, P=0.012) and this ratio was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop conflict (r=0.576, P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Electroacupuncture for "adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the mind" improves the cognitive function of T2DACD patients, which may be related to the regulation of NAA, MI and GABA levels in the basal ganglia.

[Exploration of the diagnosis and treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with acupuncture based on jingjin theory].

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is caused by kidney deficiency and impaired qi transformation of the urinary bladder and is manifested by the stagnation of essence chamber. Based on jingjin (muscle region of meridian, sinew/fascia) theory and taking the visceral membrane as the principal, acupuncture is delivered at sinew/fascia to promote qi circulation, resolve stasis and open the orifice. Guided by CT, the needle is inserted at Zhongji (CV 3), the front-mu point of the urinary bladder, and then goes to the prostatic capsule, meaning "the disease of zang organ is treated by needling the front-mu point". In treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, this acupuncture therapy stimulates the different layers of fascia, by which, the defensive qi on the exterior is regulated and "essence orifice" in the interior is adjusted so that the urination can be promoted.

One View of the Establishment of the Relationship Between the Zang-Fu and the Meridians in the Huangdi Neijing Suwen / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] The Zang-Fu and the meridians, which are one of the foundations of modern acupuncture and moxibustion medical education, appeared in "Lingshu" in the "Meridian" section. However, the Zang-Fu and the meridians each has a history of independent development in ancient China Before the Common Era. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process by which the meridians came to be associated with the Zang-Fu, drawing from descriptions in "Suwen", which was compiled Before the Common Era.[Method] The source literature of this study is "Revisions and Extensive Notes on the Huangdi Neijing Suwen", with reference to "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine and Classic Research" by MARUYAMA Masao to classify compilations of "Suwen". The research items are the names of the Zang and the Fu, the relationships between the Zang and the Fu, and the piao-li relationships of the Zang-Fu and the three Yin and three Yang of the hands and feet. [Result] The names for the Zang were Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidneys, and for the Fu were Small Intestine, Bladder, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, Stomach, and Sanjiao. The Zang-Fu relationships were Lungs-Large Intestine, Spleen-Stomach, Heart-Small Intestine, Kidney-Bladder, Liver-Gall Bladder, and Chronic Illness-Sanjiao. The piao-li relationships of the Zang-Fu and the three Yin and three Yang of the hands and feet were Foot Thai-Yang and Shao-Yin, Foot Shao-Yang and Chueh-Yin, Foot Yang-Ming and Thai-Yin, Hand Thai-Yang and Shao-Yin, Hand Yang-Ming and Thai-Yin, and Hand Shao-Yang and Heart. The Liver is treated by Foot Chueh-Yin and Shao-Yang, the Heart is treated Hand Shao-Yin and Thai-Yang, the Spleen is treated by Foot Thai-Yin and Yang-Ming, the Lungs are treated by Hand Thai-Yin and Yang-Ming, and the Kidneys are treated by Foot Shao-Ying and Thai-Yang. There was the expression "太陰陽明表裏為脾胃脈也" that Hand-Foot, Yin-Yang and the Zang-Fu were grouped by their Piao-li relationships. And there were the expressions saying "Shao-Yin is the Kidneys" and "Yang-Ming is the Stomach", although these were not in complete form. [Discussion] The Zang-Fu meridians, combining the Zang-Fu and the meridians, started from the Spleen-Stomach. There were other expressions combining the Zang-Fu with the meridians, although these were also not in complete form. While medicine at that time was being organized and integrated with the Yin-Yang and Five Elements theories, the relationships between the Zang-Fu and the meridians were also established. And it is inferred that the process of combining these and developing them into a new medical system existed during this period. [Conclusion] The relationships between the Zang-Fu and the meridians were established in "Suwen", which was compiled Before the Common Era, and the expression combining them started from "太陰陽明表裏為脾胃脈也".

Exploration of the diagnosis and treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with acupuncture based on jingjin theory / 中国针灸

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is caused by kidney deficiency and impaired qi transformation of the urinary bladder and is manifested by the stagnation of essence chamber. Based on jingjin (muscle region of meridian, sinew/fascia) theory and taking the visceral membrane as the principal, acupuncture is delivered at sinew/fascia to promote qi circulation, resolve stasis and open the orifice. Guided by CT, the needle is inserted at Zhongji (CV 3), the front-mu point of the urinary bladder, and then goes to the prostatic capsule, meaning "the disease of zang organ is treated by needling the front-mu point". In treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, this acupuncture therapy stimulates the different layers of fascia, by which, the defensive qi on the exterior is regulated and "essence orifice" in the interior is adjusted so that the urination can be promoted.

Effect of electroacupuncture at the acupoints for Tiaozang Xingshen on cerebral metabolism in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the cerebral metabolism in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated cognitive dysfunction (T2DACD) and explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at the acupoints for Tiaozang Xingshen (adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the spirit) in treatment of T2DACD, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.@*METHODS@#Fifteen patients with T2DACD (observation group) and 22 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. In the observation group, the patients were treated with EA for Tiaozang Xingshen at Baihui (GV 20) and Shenting (GV 24), and bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3). EA was operated with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency and 0.1 mA to 1.0 mA in current intensity; 30 min each time, once daily. One course of EA consisted of 5 treatments, at the interval of 2 days and the intervention lasted 8 courses. Before treatment in the control group, before and after treatment in the observation group, the score of Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), the score of clinical dementia rating (CDR), Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, Nback paradigm, the score of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the score of self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the score of Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were evaluated separately; the glycolipid metabolic indexes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycosylated hemoglobin type A1c [HbA1c], total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerol [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) were determined；with the magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique adopted, the metabolites in the basal ganglia area were detected. The correlation analysis was performed for the metabolite values with MoCA score, CDR score , Flanker paradigm, Stroop paradigm, and Nback paradigm.@*RESULTS@#Before treatment, compared with the control group, in the observation group, MoCA score was lower (P<0.001), CDR score and the levels of FPG and HbA1c were higher (P<0.001); the reaction times of Flanker non-conflict, Flanker conflict, Stroop neutrality, Stroop congruence, Stroop conflict, and 1-back were prolonged (P<0.05, P<0.001), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict, Stroop conflict, and 1-back decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the left basal ganglia area was dropped (P<0.001), and that of myo-inositol (MI) to Cr in the right side increased (P<0.05). In the observation group after treatment, compared with the levels before treatment, MoCA score was higher (P<0.001), the scores of CDR, SAS and HAMD were reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), the reaction times of Flanker conflict and Stroop conflict shortened (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the accuracy of Flanker conflict and 1-back increased (P<0.001, P<0.05); the ratio of NAA to Cr in the left basal ganglia area and that of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to Cr in the right increased (P<0.05), that of MI to Cr in the right decreased (P<0.05). Before treatment, in the observation group, the ratio of MI to Cr in the right basal ganglia area was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop congruence (r=0.671, P=0.012) and this ratio was positively correlated with the reaction time of Stroop conflict (r=0.576, P=0.039).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electroacupuncture for "adjusting zangfu function and rescuing the mind" improves the cognitive function of T2DACD patients, which may be related to the regulation of NAA, MI and GABA levels in the basal ganglia.

[Regulatory effect of five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for suboptimal health status of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency based on the temperature changes of acupoints].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the clinical symptoms and the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status (SHS) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency and explore the corresponding specificity changes in the temperature of acupoints when zangfu functions are of dysfunction and recovered to be balanced, separately. METHODS: Sixty patients with SHS of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the conventional health education was provided. In the observation group, on the base of the therapeutic regimen as the control group, the patients received the five-element music therapy to pacify the liver qi and strengthen the spleen functions, once every two days, 30 min each time, 3 treatments a week. The course of treatment consisted of 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the TCM syndrome score and the MOS 36-item short form healthy survey (SF-36) score were compared between the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated. Using infrared thermal imaging, the temperature at the acupoints of the affected organs (liver, spleen), the related organs (gallbladder, stomach) and the other non-related zangfu organs (pericardium, lung) was detected before and after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were reduced when compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); the reduction in the observation group was larger than that of the control group (P<0.01). The score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group and the score of role-emotional domain in the control group were all increased when compared with the scores before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05); and the score of each domain for the SF-36 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the observation group, which was higher than 10.0% in the control group (3/30, P<0.05). In the observation group, the temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the liver, as well as those related to the gallbladder after treatment was reduced when compared with the temperature before treatment; and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). The temperature of the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the spleen, as well as the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the stomach in the observation group was increased when compared with the temperature before treatment (P<0.01); and the changes were larger than those of the control group (P<0.01). For the temperature of the non-specific points related to the liver and spleen, as well as the yuan-primary point, the back-shu point and the front-mu point related to the pericardium and the lung, there was no significant differences when compared with the temperature at the above-mentioned acupoints before and after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: TCM five-element music therapy associated with the conventional health education may effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life in the patients with suboptimal health status of liver stagnation and sleep deficiency; and the therapeutic effect is better than the simple health education. The changes in the temperature of acupoints may reflect the functional regulation of the related zangfu organs in the body.

[Attribution between yin meridians and five zang organs in Tianhui medical slips].

The records in Ni Shun Wu Se Mai Zang Yan Jing Shen of Tianhui medical slips are generally viewed as the attribution between five zang organs and meridians and also have the confusion about the "absence" of "liver" and its attributive meridian. In the paper, by elaborating the contents of this medical slip, it is discovered that the statement refers to "pulsating site" specially for the diagnosis of five zang disorders and has nothing to lose. In fact, it reflects a specific stage in the construction of meridian theory, meaning "taishao yinyang" system in the connection between five zang organs and yin meridians of hand and foot.

[Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease].

Under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" and the modern theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis", this study explored the effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on the gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease(PD). The 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, PD model group, levodopa group, and Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract group. The PD model was established by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back area. After 14 days of intragastric administration, the PD rats' behaviors were analyzed through open field test, inclined plane test, and pole test. After the behavioral tests, the striatum, colon, and colon contents of rats in each group were collected. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-synuclein(α-syn) in striatum and that of α-syn in colon. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) in striatum and colon. High-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene was conducted to detect the differences in microbial diversity, abundance, differential phyla, and dominant bacteria of rats between groups. The results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract could relieve dyskinesia, reverse the increased levels of α-syn, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and NF-κB in striatum, and improve the protein expression of TH in striatum of PD rats. The α diversity analysis indicated a significant decrease in diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in the PD model. The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe) of dominant bacteria indicated that Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract increased the relative abundance of Clotridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Anaerostipes, and reversed the increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia-Shigella in PD model group to exhibit the neuroprotective effect. In summary, the results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract exert the therapeutic effect on PD rats. Specifically, the extract may regulate gut microbiota, decrease the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduce the protein aggregation of α-syn in the colon and striatum to alleviate intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation. This study provides a basis for combining the theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" with the theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis" to treat PD.

Clinical study of acupuncture using the principle of invigorating viscera and purging fu, replenishing qi and nourishing yin for the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with qi and yin deficiency / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture with invigorating viscera and purging fu, replenishing qi and nourishing yin for the T2DM patients with qi and yin deficiency syndrome.Methods:A total of 59 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in the Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were divided into the acupuncture group with 30 cases and a control group with 29 cases, according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional hypoglycemic treatment. And the acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture on the basis of the control group treatment. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, respectively. Serum IL-6 was measured by ELISA, serum CRP by immunoturbidimetry, and serum fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hPG, HbAlc, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels by spectrophotometry. The BMI, clinical effect rates were calculated.Results:The total effective rate was 96.7% (29/30) in acupuncture group and 75.9% (22/29) in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.96, P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of fatigue, dryness of mouth and pharynx, spontaneous sweating and night sweating, shortness of breath and lazy speech in acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 6.02, 4.31, 4.34, 3.63, respectively, all Ps<0.01). The serum CRP level in acupuncture group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 21, 48 d after treatment ( t values were -4.36, -3.75, respectively, all Ps<0.01), and IL-6 level was significantly lower than that of the control group at 14, 21, 28 d after treatment ( t values were -2.92, -5.35, -8.71, respectively, all Ps<0.01). After treatment, the serum TC [(4.62±0.68) mmol/L vs. (5.56±0.72) mmol/L, t=5.16], TG [(1.48±0.42) mmol/L vs. (2.12±0.89) mmol/L, t=3.55], LDL-C [(2.48±0.84) mmol/L vs.(3.02±0.95) mmol/L, t=2.32] in the acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), HDL-C [(1.39±0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.26±0.22) mmol/L, t=-2.02] in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The serum FPG level at 21 d [(6.12±0.67) mmol/L vs. (6.57±0.61) mmol/L, t=-4.96], 28 d [(5.78±0.52) mmol/L vs. (6.49±0.58) mmol/L, t=-2.70] in acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The 2h PG level at 14 d after treatment [(10.23±1.06) mmol/L vs. (11.76±1.34) mmol/L, t=-4.87], 21 d [(9.05±0.98) mmol/L vs. (10.53±1.24) mmol/L, t=-5.10], 28 d [(7.45±0.69) mmol/L vs. (9.31±0.78) mmol/L, t=-9.71] in the acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and HbA1c level were decreased 14 d [(7.93±0.86)% vs. (8.52±0.97)%, t=-2.47], 21 d [(7.63±0.85)% vs. (8.15±0.92)%, t=-2.26], 28 d [(6.47±0.51)% vs. (7.51±0.62)%, t=-7.05] significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), BMI [(22.13±1.57) kg/m 2vs. (24.16±1.82) kg/m 2, t=-4.59] 28 d after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Acupuncture therapy of nourishing viscera and purging fu, nourishing qi and nourishing yin can regulate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM and syndrome of qi and yin deficiency.

Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease / 中国中药杂志

Under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" and the modern theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis", this study explored the effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on the gut microbiota of rats with Parkinson's disease(PD). The 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, PD model group, levodopa group, and Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract group. The PD model was established by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back area. After 14 days of intragastric administration, the PD rats' behaviors were analyzed through open field test, inclined plane test, and pole test. After the behavioral tests, the striatum, colon, and colon contents of rats in each group were collected. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-synuclein(α-syn) in striatum and that of α-syn in colon. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) in striatum and colon. High-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene was conducted to detect the differences in microbial diversity, abundance, differential phyla, and dominant bacteria of rats between groups. The results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract could relieve dyskinesia, reverse the increased levels of α-syn, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB in striatum, and improve the protein expression of TH in striatum of PD rats. The α diversity analysis indicated a significant decrease in diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in the PD model. The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe) of dominant bacteria indicated that Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extract increased the relative abundance of Clotridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Anaerostipes, and reversed the increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia-Shigella in PD model group to exhibit the neuroprotective effect. In summary, the results indicated that Nar. ethanol extract exert the therapeutic effect on PD rats. Specifically, the extract may regulate gut microbiota, decrease the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduce the protein aggregation of α-syn in the colon and striatum to alleviate intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation. This study provides a basis for combining the theory of "Zangfu-organs of spleen and stomach" with the theory of "microbiota-gut-brain axis" to treat PD.

[Comparison on the relevant characteristics between meridians and zangfu organs].

Even though the twelve meridians are connected with five zang and six fu organs separately according to the record in Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the relations of meridians with corresponding zangfu organs are different in characteristics. Through comparing the relative characteristics between meridians and zangfu organs, it is believed that the relationship is established earlier and is quite closer between meridians and five zang organs. There is a great correlation between the disorders of five zang organs and the disorders of meridians. The disorders of five zang organs are commonly treated by the corresponding five-shu points of meridians. The relationship between meridians and six fu organs is established relatively late and the correlation between them is not as closer as that between meridians and five zang organs. The disorders of six fu organs are generally treated by the lower he-sea points. The different characteristics of the correlation between meridians and zangfu organs are relevant with the degree of their integration, the philosophical and cultrual factors and the recognition of ancient masters on zangfu organs.

[Professor WU Zhong-chao's clinical experiences of "syndrome differentiation and Chinese herbal plaster application" based on meridian and zangfu theories].

Focusing on the limits of the plaster application of Chinese herbal medicine in clinical practice, i.e. limit in the region exerted, inadequate meridian effect, more attention to the exterior rather than the interior and limit in the application of zangfu differentiation, professor WU Zhong-chao proposes his clinical experiences in the plaster application of Chinese herbal medicine based on meridian and zangfu differentiation, including: The Chinese herbal plaster application alone meridian course guided by meridian differentiation. Multidimensional plaster application on the base of the meridian differentiation of muscle region. Split-field plaster application by taking collateral differentiation as principle. Selective plaster application in association with disease differentiation. Specific plaster application rooted on zangfu differentiation.

[Discussion on the academic system of "theory, method, recipe and degree" in LIU's infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province].

The theory and technique of LIU's infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province are reviewed in clinical diagnosis and treatment and the core theoretical system is refined. Based on clinical experiences and in consideration of the analysis on relevant literature, the academic system of LIU's infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province is summarized as four aspects, named "theory, method, recipe and degree". "Theory" refers to the four diagnostic methods and eight principle in terms of diagnosis and treatment and the therapeutic emphasis on the main disorders of zangfu organs in children. "Method" refers to promotion and restriction of five elements, meridian tropism in treatment. "Recipe" refers to the selection of acupoints, optimization of therapeutic techniques and the key in the composition of the herbs with different roles considered, named monarch herb, minister herb, assistant herb and guiding herb. "Degree" refers to the strength and intensity of manipulation to ensure the optimal effect. All of the aforementioned reviews provide the reference to theoretic study on this Chinese massage school.

Discussion on the academic system of "theory, method, recipe and degree" in s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province / 中国针灸

The theory and technique of s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province are reviewed in clinical diagnosis and treatment and the core theoretical system is refined. Based on clinical experiences and in consideration of the analysis on relevant literature, the academic system of s infantile Chinese massage of the western part of Hunan province is summarized as four aspects, named "theory, method, recipe and degree". "Theory" refers to the four diagnostic methods and eight principle in terms of diagnosis and treatment and the therapeutic emphasis on the main disorders of organs in children. "Method" refers to promotion and restriction of five elements, meridian tropism in treatment. "Recipe" refers to the selection of acupoints, optimization of therapeutic techniques and the key in the composition of the herbs with different roles considered, named monarch herb, minister herb, assistant herb and guiding herb. "Degree" refers to the strength and intensity of manipulation to ensure the optimal effect. All of the aforementioned reviews provide the reference to theoretic study on this Chinese massage school.

Professor -' clinical experiences of "syndrome differentiation and Chinese herbal plaster application" based on meridian and theories / 中国针灸

Focusing on the limits of the plaster application of Chinese herbal medicine in clinical practice, i.e. limit in the region exerted, inadequate meridian effect, more attention to the exterior rather than the interior and limit in the application of differentiation, professor - proposes his clinical experiences in the plaster application of Chinese herbal medicine based on meridian and differentiation, including: The Chinese herbal plaster application alone meridian course guided by meridian differentiation. Multidimensional plaster application on the base of the meridian differentiation of muscle region. Split-field plaster application by taking collateral differentiation as principle. Selective plaster application in association with disease differentiation. Specific plaster application rooted on differentiation.

[Understanding of the theories of biaoben, genjie and qijie in the correlation with meridians and zangfu organs].

Based on the original text of Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the theories of biaoben, genjie and qijie are analyzed deeply and the practical significance is explored on the correlation with meridians and zangfu organs. Biaoben, genjie and qijie represent respectively the relevant rules between the body surface and internal organs in different patterns and they are the foundation of the multiple correlations of the upper and the lower, the internal and the external and the horizontal and the transverse between meridians and zangfu organs. The understanding above not only contributes to the recognition and the exploration of the relevant essence of meridians and zangfu organs, but also provides the theoretic guidance to the acupoint selection, diagnosis and treatment of zangfu disorders in clinical practice.

[Cultural factors in the theories of meridians and zangfu organs].

It takes quite a long process in the formation of the relevant theories of meridians and zangfu organs and many cultural factors are involved in the development of these theories at different eras, e.g. "the five evolution and six climatic factors", "twelve as the representing number of universe", "twenty-eight stars", "three yin and three yang" and "ancient bureaucratic system". Some of the theories are not coincident with the clinical practice at present. By the influence of the doctrine as "the five evolution and six climatic factors", only eleven meridians were recorded in the early ancient literature. Due to the saying "twelve as the representing number of universe", twelve meridians were developed and the other related meridians classified into the categories as the collaterals and the extraordinary meridians. Because of the theory of three yin and three yang, it is understandable why the indications of the clinical practices are not correlated with the relevant theories of meridians and zangfu organs. For example, the indications of three yang meridians of hand are not related to the large intestine, the small intestine and sanjiao, and the corresponding acupoints in the treatment for the related disorders are located in the lower extremities. The ancient bureaucratic system had affected the understanding of the zangfu organs functions. For example, the heart is regarded as the monarch, protected by the pericardium. The hand-jueyin meridian-related cardiac disorders match with the pericardium. Hence, the cardiac disorders are treated by the acupoints of the hand-jueyin meridian rather than the hand-shaoyin meridian. In this paper, the cultural factors in the theories of meridians and zangfu organs are deeply analyzed and those factors that are not coincident with the present clinical practice are separated. The analytic results are significant to the future research on meridians and zangfu organs.