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PURPOSE: Measure associations between clinicopathological and immunohistochemical human Mut-L homologue 1 (hMLH1) gene, and human Mut-L homologue 2 (hMSH2) genes, variables in recurrent AMBs. METHODS: This study consisted of a research retrospective, observational case-control study consisting of 22 cases of recurrent AMB and 22 non-recurrent cases. Cases of AMB with more than one year of follow-up were included in the study. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed considering the cellular location (nuclear) of the proteins studied. The McNemar test was used to compare variables between primary and recurrent AMBs. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and survival functions were compared according to the variables using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The posterior mandible was the most affected site in the recurrent (n = 18, 81.8%) and non-recurrent groups (n = 16, 72.8%). Recurrence-free survival was 50.0 (34.5-63.6) months. The following factors were significantly associated with AMB recurrence: presence of cortical bone expansion (p = 0.01), absence of bone reconstruction (p = 0.02), conservative treatment (p = 0.02), loss of hMSH2 (p = 0.01) and hMLH1 (p = 0.04) immunoexpression, and strong Ki-67 immunoexpression (p = 0.03). The risk factors for AMB recurrence were anatomical location (OR = 3.31), locularity (OR = 1.07), cortical expansion (OR = 6.17), cortical perforation (OR = 2.10), bone resorption (OR = 1.52), tooth impaction (OR = 1.86), jaw reconstruction (OR = 6.92), and immunoexpression of hMSH2 (OR = 10.0) and hMLH1 (OR = 4.50). CONCLUSION: Radiographic appearance, treatment modality, and immunoexpression of mismatch repair proteins can be used as predictors of AMB recurrence.

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Objective: Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) are localized arterial dilatations with distinct clinical outcomes. This study aimed to comprehensively compare these two types of aneurysms' biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. Methods: This study included 180 patients with AAA and 18 with PAA. Medical history and imaging data were collected. Biomechanical testing assessed arterial wall mechanical strength and elasticity, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses examined tissue composition and inflammatory markers. Results: PAA wall fragments demonstrate higher failure strain energy (13.36 N/m2 vs 9.95 N/m2; P = .023), a measure of mechanical strength. Regarding immunohistochemical markers, AAA exhibited more B lymphocyte cells in the adventitia (CD20 1475.50 vs 320; P = .003) compared with PAA. Additionally, AAA demonstrated more adipogenic differentiation in the adventitia (PPARgamma 4854.50 vs 778; P = .009), whereas PAA showed more adipogenic differentiation in the intima (KLF5 283.50 vs 77.50; P = .039). Conclusions: PAA wall fragments demonstrate greater mechanical strength compared with AAA wall fragments. In contrast, AAA walls contain a greater number of B lymphocytes within the adventitia compared with PAA walls. Adipogenic differentiation is more pronounced in the adventitia of AAA than in PAA, whereas in PAA, it is more prominent in the intima compared with AAA. Clinical Relevance: The clinical significance of this study lies in its potential to enhance our understanding of the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abdominal aortic aneurysms, which is often associated with rupture, and popliteal artery aneurysms, which are more prone to thrombosis and distal embolization. By comprehensively comparing the biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical aspects of these two aneurysm types, the study aims to illuminate the factors contributing to their differing clinical presentations and outcomes.

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The aim of this study was to verify whether the expression of proteins related to the formation of invadopodia, MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks-4 and Tks-5 is associated with the degree of tumor invasiveness of different types of unicystic ameloblastomas. An immunohistochemical study was performed on 29 unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) samples, 9 conventional ameloblastoma (CAM) samples and 9 dental follicle (DF) samples. The potential for tumor invasiveness was assessed based on the immunoexpression of the following invadopodia-forming proteins: MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks-4 and Tks5. Mural unicystic ameloblastoma (MUA) showed higher MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks-4, and Tks-5 immunoexpression than luminal and intra-luminal types. Conventional ameloblastoma exhibited lower MT1-MMP, cortactin, and Tks-5 expression compared to MUA. MUA's cystic capsule neoplastic cells had significantly higher MT1-MMP, cortactin, Tks-4, and Tks-5 expression than lumen cells. Dental follicles showed minimal expression. Neoplastic cells in the cystic capsule of mural unicystic ameloblastomas showed higher invadopodia-related protein expression than lumen and luminal/intraluminal cells, suggesting that proximity to the bone region influences the aggressive behavior of mural unicystic ameloblastomas more compared to other subtypes.

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Rabies virus (RABV) is a lethal and neglected zoonosis responsible for over 60,000 deaths annually caused by the neurotropic virus Lyssavirus rabies. Although rabies is well-known for its severe nervous system impairment, little is known regarding the specific alterations caused in extraneural organs. Studies suggest an essential involvement of RABV in the kidneys. However, the extent of the pathological damage caused by RABV in this organ remains to be understood. This study describes the histopathological alterations and RABV antigen expression in the kidneys and urinary bladder. Viral immunostaining was observed, suggesting that RABV can successfully infect these tissues. In addition, the main alterations found in the kidneys were edema in the convoluted tubules and in the glomerulus, interstitial inflammation, atrophy of the glomerular tuft, a decrease in Bowman's capsule and Bowman's space, and the accumulation of glycogen in the tubules, which may indicate the effects of inflammation caused by RABV. Therefore, our results showed the importance of understanding the effects of histopathological alterations induced by RABV and the need for more studies concerning the inflammatory action of the virus during the infection.

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BACKGROUND: Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NSM) is a rare self-limiting inflammatory lesion, with most cases affecting the minor salivary glands, especially those located in the palate (70%). To date, about 261 cases of NSM have been reported. Of them, 7 cases affected the tongue; 37 cases occurred after surgery; and 17 cases showed association with neoplasms. METHODS: A 50-year-old male patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. After surgical excision, the tumor diagnosis was well-differentiated SCC with a close surgical margin. Re-excision of the margin was indicated. RESULTS: Microscopically, the surgical margin showed neither residual SCC nor epithelial dysplasia. However, it was possible to observe 7 foci containing typical areas of NSM distributed throughout the surgical specimen, which, by immunohistochemistry, revealed a glandular nature with presence of myoepithelial cells. CONCLUSION: We present here an unusual multifocal NSM affecting the tongue at the site of a prior resection for SCC with close margins, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported to date.

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Alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus, belonging to the Togaviridae family. The disease caused by CHIKV generally evolves with spontaneous resolution in a few weeks; however, progression to a chronic disease may occur. The most common symptoms are fever, myalgia, and arthralgia; however, skin manifestations may occur in 40 to 80% of infected individuals. Morbilliform and maculopapular erythematous eruptions, vesiculobullous lesions, generalized erythema, maculopapular eruption and skin peeling, hypermelanosis, painful oral lesions, and urticarial lesions have been reported. Usually, these manifestations disappear, but they can become sequelae. Since the skin is the first line of defense against CHIKV infection, in this study, we aimed to investigate the immunohistopathological aspects of the skin of infected individuals during the acute phase of the disease by performing histopathological and ultrastructural analysis, detection and quantification of the viral genome, detection of viral antigen and immune cells, and cytokines/chemokines' characterization. The main histopathological findings were perivascular and inflammatory infiltrates, blood capillary ectasia, and interstitial edema. The immunohistochemistry revealed CHIKV antigen in the epidermis, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages in the reticular and papillary dermis; inflammatory cells infiltrate; arrector pili muscle; sweat and sebaceous glands; and hair follicle. Moreover, inflammatory infiltrates were composed of lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophages (CD68+) in the dermis and perivascular infiltrate. TNF-α, IL-6, RANTES, and VEGFR2 were expressed in the epidermis, blood vessels, sweat glands, and migrating cells. Loss of contact among adjacent keratinocytes, epidermis presenting necrotic cells, and fibroblasts with dilated cisternae in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with few cristae was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Studies involving skin immunopathogenesis during CHIKV infection are still scarce; therefore, the findings presented here can contribute to a better understanding of the disease immunopathogenesis.

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BACKGROUND: Cosmetic injections are increasing, as their complications, which can be misdiagnosed as neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to detail clinical, pathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of adverse reactions to cosmetic fillers in the oral and maxillofacial region. METHODS: Samples were retrieved from five pathology laboratories. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Alcian Blue, Sirius Red, and Toluidine blue stains were performed, as well as immunohistochemistry for CD68, CD3, and CD20. H&E was evaluated under polarization. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases were included. Polymethyl-methacrylate was the most common material. Most reactions affected women, lips and were asymptomatic, with a variable time of evolution, presenting as nodules. Materials had different shape and size on H&E. Giant cells were commonly found, except in silicone and hyaluronic acid. Foreign-body granuloma was frequent in polymethyl-methacrylate. Calcium hydroxyapatite and poly-L-lactic acid were refractile under polarized light. Hyaluronic acid and polyacrylamide hydrogel were metachromatic by Toluidine blue. Alcian blue was positive in all cases of hyaluronic acid. Mast cells were detected in all materials, except hyaluronic acid and polyacrylamide hydrogel. Eosinophils were rarer than mast cells. Numerous CD68-positive cells were seen in all cases. All cases had CD3-positive cells, with variable amounts. CD20 was scant or negative in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: An evident macrophage reaction is observed in all aesthetic fillers, frequently associated with giant cell formation. Despite similarities, there are specific features of each material and the host response that assist the correct histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 and Toluidine blue stain are useful in doubtful cases.

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PURPOSE: Carcinogenesis is characterized by the transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. Concerning the lower lip, exposure to UV radiation is the main etiological factor associated with the development of epidermoid carcinomas and actinic cheilitis. According to the hierarchical model theory, cancer development is driven by populations of cancer stem cells. In this context, this study aimed to compare the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and CD44 in 40 lower lip epidermoid carcinoma (LLEC) and 40 actinic cheilitis (AC) cases. METHODS: OCT4 and CD44 expressions were assessed semi-quantitatively according to the percentage of positive epithelial cells (PP) and intensity of expression (IE), resulting in a total immunolabeling score (PIT). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were detected between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpression and clinicopathological parameters, except for lymph node metastasis, in which a decrease in CD44 expression in the core tumor of cases with lymph node metastasis was observed. Furthermore, decreased CD44 expression was observed in LLEC cases when compared to AC cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reported herein suggest a higher participation of CD44 in early carcinogenesis stages. In addition, the imbalance between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpressions suggests the presence of different neoplastic cell subpopulations.

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Feline leishmaniasis is increasingly recognized as a disease affecting cats worldwide, with notable prevalence in regions surrounding the Mediterranean Basin and in Brazil. An approximately one-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with small papules and nodules (2 mm) on the nasal planum. Physical examination and routine blood analyses were normal. The cat tested negative for FIV and FeLV. Skin biopsies of the lesions were conducted, removing the nodules entirely due to their small size. The samples were submitted for histopathological and molecular analysis. Histopathology confirmed the presence of Leishmania amastigotes, while PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing of the hsp70 gene identified the infecting species as Leishmania guyanensis. The patient has since been under continuous clinical monitoring every six months, with no recurrence observed to date. This is the first documented case of L. guyanensis infection in a domestic cat, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic accuracy and a broader understanding of feline leishmaniasis.

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Background: The prognosis for urothelial carcinoma remains poor, with limited therapeutic options, emphasizing the need for further research into targeted therapies. The prognostic and predictive significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in urothelial carcinoma remains unclear, with previous studies reporting conflicting results. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of advanced urothelial carcinoma cases diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2022. HER2 status was prospectively determined using the Leica CB11 antibody on available biopsy specimens. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and survival outcomes were retrieved from hospital records for analysis. Results: Of the 84 patients initially identified with muscle-invasive disease, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 50 samples. Among these, 54% exhibited HER2 scores ≥ 1+, with 22% classified as HER2-positive (3+ score by IHC), 10% as equivocal (2+ score by IHC), and 22% as HER2-low (1+ score by IHC). The distribution of HER2 score ≥ 1+ tumors included 25.7% in the bladder, 20.0% in the renal pelvis, and none in the ureter. HER2-positive (3+ score by IHC) tumors were all histological grade 3. Among these patients, 13.4% presented with localized disease, 20% with locally advanced disease, and 50% with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Notably, 42.8% of recurrent tumors originating from the renal pelvis and 62.5% of those from the bladder exhibited HER2 scores ≥ 1+. Among patients diagnosed with non-metastatic disease, 100% with renal pelvis tumors and 75% with bladder tumors experienced metastatic recurrence if they were HER2-positive (3+ score by IHC). The overall survival for HER2-negative patients was 31.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.29 - 66.70) compared to 13.0 months (95% CI: 7.32 - 18.68) in the HER2 score ≥ 1+ population (P = 0.0029). Conclusions: In this cohort of Mexican patients with urothelial carcinoma, HER2 expression was observed in 54.4% of cases. HER2-positive (+3 by IHC) tumors were associated with higher histological grade and worse prognostic outcomes, including increased recurrence, progression, and mortality.

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Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is the most aggressive variant of invasive mammary tumours in dogs and in women. Decorin is an extracellular matrix molecule whose expression can be reduced or absent in various human cancers, which is associated with a poor prognosis. E-cadherin is a cell adhesion protein whose expression is reduced in several neoplasms. However, it is overexpressed in inflammatory breast cancers of women. EGFR is also associated with cancer development and is commonly overexpressed in aggressive neoplasms. This study aimed to characterise the expressions of Decorin, E-cadherin, and EGFR in canine inflammatory and non-inflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC and non-IMC) and to evaluate their expression levels as prognostic indicators for survival and occurrence of metastases. Thirty-three IMC and 43 non-IMC cases were analysed retrospectively and submitted to immunohistochemical analysis. The reactions were quantified in five high-power field images from areas of the highest intensity and frequency of immunostaining (hot spots). We found significantly lower expression of Decorin and higher of E-cadherin and EGFR in canine IMCs. Patients with tumours that exhibited Decorin expression in less than 26.35% of epithelial cells had shorter survival (p = 0.0410) and a higher occurrence of distant metastases (p = 0.0115). E-cadherin is overexpressed in canine IMCs (p < 0.0001), similar to what occurs in women, reinforcing that dogs can be used as a study model for human IMC. EGFR overexpression in canine IMCs (p = 0.0322) provides evidence for potential targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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BACKGROUND: Considering the significant participation of the microenvironment in the local aggressiveness of odontogenic keratocysts, this study aims to evaluate the expression of ADAMTS-1 and its substrates, versican, aggrecan and brevican in this locally invasive odontogenic cyst. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted on 30 cases of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and 20 dental follicles (DFs). RESULTS: The immunohistochemical expression of these proteins was predominantly cytoplasmic and granular across all samples. In epithelial tissue, the immunoexpression of aggrecan and versican was higher in OKC (p < 0.05) compared to DF. Comparing the expression of proteins between the OKC epithelium and the cystic capsule, it was observed that all molecules were more expressed in the epithelium (p < 0.001). RT-PCR confirmed the expression of ADAMTS-1 and proteoglycans in all samples. CONCLUSION: ADAMTS-1, aggrecan, brevican, and versican were expressed in all samples with a granular and cytoplasmic pattern. RT-PCR confirmed their presence in both OKC and DF, but only aggrecan and versican exhibited significantly higher levels in OKC (p < 0.05). Protein expression was notably greater in the epithelial component of OKC. These findings underscore the potential role of these proteins in the biological behavior of OKC.

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INTRODUCTION: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic neoplasm of uncertain biological origin that is rare in the tongue. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman presented with a painless, submucosal nodule in the tongue. Based on the clinical hypothesis of benign mesenchymal neoplasia, the lesion was excised, and the specimen was submitted for histopathological analysis. Microscopically, a proliferation of spindle cells with a patternless arrangement was observed, separated by dilated and angulated vascular spaces. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, Ki-67 (< 5%), and negativity for S-100. Additionally, the tumor cells showed a positive nuclear reaction for STAT6. The diagnosis was a solitary fibrous tumor. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a case of SFT in the tongue, emphasizing its clinicopathological, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features.

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This review explores the current understanding and management of penile squamous cell carcinoma, emphasizing recent advances in molecular pathology and treatment strategies. The article discusses the importance of human papillomavirus status in tumor classification and prognosis, highlighting the 2022 WHO classification. The article underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to penile cancer management and identifies areas for future research, including refining molecular classification systems and developing predictive biomarkers. It concludes by emphasizing the rapid evolution of penile cancer management and the potential for more personalized treatment strategies.

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BACKGROUND: Melanocytic neoplasms are rare in the oral cavity and represent a diagnostic challenge due to the overlap between benign and malignant lesions. However, their pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins p16, CDK4, and PTEN in oral melanocytic nevi and melanomas. METHODS: A total of 42 cases of melanocytic nevi and five cases of melanoma underwent immunohistochemical analysis. Cases were scored as 0, 1 (< 5% of positive cells), 2 (6%-50% of positive cells), and 3 (> 50% of positive cells). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Two cases of melanocytic nevi were totally negative for p16 and 95.2% of cases scored 1. For CDK4, 47.6% of the cases scored 2 and 52.4% scored 3. For PTEN, 97.6% of the cases scored 3 and only one case showed a score of 2. All melanoma cases were classified with a score of 2 for p16, and for CDK4 and PTEN, all cases exhibited a score of 3. PTEN and CDK4 were higher expressed when compared to p16 both in melanocytic nevi and melanomas (p < 0.001), and melanocytic nevi showed low expression of p16 when compared to melanomas (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that these cell cycle-related proteins are not useful biomarkers in melanocytic lesions of the oral mucosa and support the apparent biological distinction between oral and cutaneous lesions.

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Neuroepithelial neoplasms present in the ventricular system originate from the cells lining the choroid plexus and can be benign or malignant, such as choroid plexus carcinoma. A four-year-old equine presenting with a fifteen-day history of neurological symptoms was sent for veterinary evaluation. Upon examination, the horse exhibited apathy, severe ataxia, head tilt, circling behavior, head pressing, decreased tail tone, anosmia, absence of menace response, lack of facial sensitivity, and lingual hypotonia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mixed pleocytosis, increased protein, and decreased glucose. Following the animal's death, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the diagnosis of choroid plexus carcinoma in the third ventricle. It is concluded that horses may develop central nervous system tumors, such as choroid plexus carcinoma, with nonspecific clinical symptoms, ineffective clinical treatment, and a conclusive diagnosis established postmortem.

As neoplasias neuroepiteliais presentes no sistema ventricular originam-se das células que revestem o plexo coroide e podem ser benignas ou malignas, como é o caso do carcinoma de plexo coroide. Um equino, de quatro anos de idade, apresentando quadro neurológico com síndrome encefálica de quinze dias de evolução, foi encaminhado para atendimento veterinário. Ao exame apresentava apatia, ataxia severa, desvio lateral de cabeça, andar em círculos, pressão da cabeça contra obstáculos, diminuição do tônus da cauda, anosmia, ausência da resposta de ameaça visual, ausência de sensibilidade na face e hipotonia de língua. Líquido cefalorraquidiano apresentava pleocitose mista, aumento de proteína e diminuição de glicose. Após o óbito o animal foi diagnosticado com carcinoma de plexo coroide em terceiro ventrículo após exame histopatológico e imunohistoquímico. Conclui-se que equinos podem apresentar tumores em SNC, como o carcinoma de plexo coroide, com sintomatologia clínica inespecífica, tratamento clínico inefetivo e diagnóstico conclusivo realizado no exame post mortem.

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BACKGROUND: Oral leiomyomatous hamartoma (OLH) corresponds to an abnormal, benign and disorganized overgrowth of mature smooth muscle tissue, which can develop in any site where this tissue is found in healthy conditions. The present systematic review aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of OLH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol of this study was constructed following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): OSF.IO/BMPUX. Five electronic databases were used to identify studies for this systematic review: PubMed, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Science Source, Scopus and ScienceDirect, from January 15th, 1945 to January 10th, 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the included reports and case series. RESULTS: A comprehensive search yielded 5,562 articles, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. The total number of subjects studied in the included investigations was sixty-six. The subjects' ages varied from newborns to 61 years, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 71.23 ± 123.01 months. 50.7% were males and 49.3% were females. Most lesions presented normochromic color (24.24%), pedunculated base (31.81%), firm consistency (22.72%), with an average size of 1.20 cm, present on the dorsum of the tongue (31.81%) or anterior part of the alveolar border of the maxilla (30.30%). Treatment was carried out by surgical excision (78.46%) and half of the studies report that there were no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: The cases described in the medical-dental literature provide valuable information to date on the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical profile of OLH. Although it is a rare lesion, it should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in newborns, infants, children and young adults with lingual and/or maxillary masses present in the midline.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to describe the structure of the collagen matrix and the microvascularization of the medial meniscotibial ligament (MMTL), in order to contribute to the refinement of the surgical technique for repairing these structures and consequently lead to a reduction in the risk of anterior cruciate ligament re-rupture. METHODS: Twelve MMTLs were obtained from deceased organ donors. The ligaments were initially analyzed macroscopically and evaluated histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The evaluation of the collagen matrix was carried out using the Picrosirius red staining method under a polarized light microscope. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies against CD31 was used to evaluate microvascularization. RESULTS: The MMTL was identified in 100% of the dissections. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections exhibited oriented and parallel collagen fibers, with low cellularity in its intrasubstance portion and increase in cellularity close to the meniscal insertion. Quantitative analysis of the collagen matrix showed a ratio of type I to type III collagen of 3.86 (±3.07). The average microvascular density in the intrasubstance portion was 33.71 ± 8.7 vessels/mm2 and in the meniscal insertion portion it was 74.14 ± 23.85 vessels/mm2. CONCLUSION: The MMTL is a structure with a predominance of Type I collagen in relation to Type III collagen and high microvascular density in the region of meniscal insertion. These findings suggest that the healing potential of MMTL, regarding ramp injuries, is high because these injuries occur in the meniscal insertion area.

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Objective: The average age of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported to have declined. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related lesions have been shown to be associated with the expression of the immunohistochemical (IHC) marker p16. Non-HPV-related tumors have been characterized by p53 abnormal expression and PDL1 expression. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between these markers and vulvar SCC and to relate it to the clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods: Histopathologic assessments and IHC analyses of p16, p53, and PDL1 were performed in 41 samples of vulvar SCC collected between 2016 and 2021. The data were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 72.1 years. Positive p16 and PDL1 staining was detected in 24.4% and 17.1% of the samples, respectively. p53 expression was negative in 19.5% of the samples, whereas it was overexpressed in 24.4%. p16-positive tumors showed a smaller depth of invasion (DOI) (p = 0.014), while tumors with p53 abnormal expression showed greater DOI (p = 0.041). PDL1 expression was correlated with increased number of inflammatory cells (p = 0.055). In addition, lesions with lymphovascular space invasion were p16-negative. Conclusion: In our sample, regarding to the SCC incidence the patients' mean age did not change. The expression of p16 was inversely correlated with p53 results. Tumors with p53 abnormal expression and absence of p16 showed a greater DOI. Our data suggest an association between PDL1 expression and increased inflammatory infiltrates in vulvar SCC.