Voiding cystography: an unusual route of induced hypothyroidism by iodine overdose in two newborns with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic induced hypothyroidism had been described in newborns and more particularly in preterm infants after cutaneous or intravenous exposure to iodine. CASE-DIAGNOSIS : We reported a new risk of iodine intoxication with the cases of two newborns who developed hypothyroidism after intra vesical iodine injection during a cystography, which was performed to confirm antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves (PUV). The newborns both developed transient hypothyroidism due to an iodine overdose. CONCLUSIONS: These two observations suggest that voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) should be carefully considered in newborns with severe uropathy, particularly in the case of renal insufficiency. If indicated, thyroid function should be monitored in the following weeks, and in case of hypothyroidism treatment should be started.

Resveratrol alleviates the cytotoxicity induced by the radiocontrast agent, ioxitalamate, by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in HK-2 human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells in vitro.

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RIN) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). The clinical strategies currently available for the prevention of RIN are insufficient. In this study, we aimed to determine whether resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, can be used to prevent RIN. For this purpose, in vitro experiments were performed using a human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells). Following treatment for 48 h, the highly toxic radiocontrast agent, ioxitalamate, exerted cytotoxic effects on the HK-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by MTT assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be approximately 30 mg/ml. Flow cytometry also revealed a marked increase in the number of apoptotic cells following exposure to ioxitalamate. In addition, the number of necrotic, but not necroptotic cells was increased. However, treatment with resveratrol (12.5 µM) for 48 h significantly alleviated ioxitalamate (30 mg/ml)-induced cytotoxicity, by reducing cytosolic DNA fragmentation, increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), and survivin, activating caspase-3, preventing autophagic death and suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resveratrol also suppressed the ioxitalamate-induced formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger commonly used to prevent RIN, also reduced ioxitalamate-induced cytotoxicity, but at a high concentration of 1 mM. Sirtuin (SIRT)1 and SIRT3 were not found to play a role in these effects. Overall, our findings suggest that resveratrol may prove to be an effective adjuvant therapy for the prevention of RIN.

[Unilateral periocular angioedema after application of contrast agent]. / Einseitiges periokuläres Angioödem nach Kontrastmittelgabe.

This article presents a case report of unilateral, periocular angioedema after intravenous application of a contrast agent with a temporary increase of intraocular pressure in an eye in which trabeculectomy had been carried out 5 weeks previously.

Do intravenous N-acetylcysteine and sodium bicarbonate prevent high osmolal contrast-induced acute kidney injury? A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), singly or combined, inconsistently prevent patients exposed to radiographic contrast media from developing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). OBJECTIVE: We asked whether intravenous isotonic saline and either NaHCO3 in 5% dextrose or else a high dose of NAC in 5% dextrose prevent CI-AKI in outpatients exposed to high-osmolal iodinated contrast medium more than does saline alone. METHODS: This completed prospective, parallel, superiority, open-label, controlled, computer-randomized, single-center, Brazilian trial (NCT01612013) hydrated 500 adult outpatients (214 at high risk of developing CI-AKI) exposed to ioxitalamate during elective coronary angiography and ventriculography. From 1 hour before through 6 hours after exposure, 126 patients (group 1) received a high dose of NAC and saline, 125 (group 2) received NaHCO3 and saline, 124 (group 3) received both treatments, and 125 (group 4) received only saline. RESULTS: Groups were similar with respect to age, gender, weight, pre-existing renal dysfunction, hypertension, medication, and baseline serum creatinine and serum cystatin C, but diabetes mellitus was significantly less prevalent in group 1. CI-AKI incidence 72 hours after exposure to contrast medium was 51.4% (257/500), measured as serum creatinine > (baseline+0.3 mg/dL) and/or serum cystatin C > (1.1 · baseline), and 7.6% (38/500), measured as both serum creatinine and serum cystatin C > (baseline+0.3 mg/dL) or > (1.25 · baseline). CI-AKI incidence measured less sensitively was similar among groups. Measured more sensitively, incidence in group 1 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in groups 2 and 3 but not group 4; adjustment for confounding by infused volume equalized incidence in groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that intravenous isotonic saline and either NaHCO3 or else a high dose of NAC prevent CI-AKI in outpatients exposed to high osmolal iodinated contrast medium more than does saline alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01612013.

Evaluation of intrarenal oxygenation in iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury-susceptible rats by blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences in intrarenal oxygenation as assessed by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI)-susceptible rats when using 4 contrast media with different physicochemical properties and to demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels as a marker of CIAKI in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our institutional animal care and use committee approved the study. Sixty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CIAKI-susceptible groups (received nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [10 mg/kg] and cycloxygenase inhibitor indomethacin [10mg/kg]) and control groups (received saline instead). One of the 4 iodinated contrast agents (iothalamate, iohexol, ioxaglate, or iodixanol) was then administered (1600-mg organic iodine per kilogram of body weight). Multiple blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance images were acquired on a Siemens 3.0-T scanner using a multiple gradient recalled echo sequence at baseline, after N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (or saline), indomethacin (or saline), and iodinated contrast agent (or placebo). R2* (R2*=1/T2*) maps were generated inline on the scanner. A mixed-effects growth curve model with first-order autoregressive variance-covariance was used to analyze the temporal data. Urinary NGAL, a marker of kidney injury (unlike serum creatinine), was measured 4 hours after contrast injection in the 2 subgroups. RESULTS: Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging results between the contrast media were observed in all 4 renal regions. However, the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) showed the most pronounced changes in the CIAKI-susceptible group and R2* increased significantly (P<0.01) over time with all 4 contrast media. In the control groups, only iodixanol showed an increase in R2* (P<0.05) over time. There was an agreement between increases in NGAL and R2* values in ISOM. CONCLUSIONS: In rats susceptible to CIAKI, those receiving contrast media had significant increases in R2* in renal ISOM compared with those receiving placebo. The agreement between NGAL and R2* values in the ISOM suggests that the observed immediate increase in R2* after contrast injection may be the earliest biomarker of renal injury. Further studies are necessary to establish threshold values of R2* associated with acute kidney injury and address the specificity of R2* to renal oxygenation status.

Impact of short-duration administration of N-acetylcysteine, probucol and ascorbic acid on contrast-induced cytotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: The best pharmaceutical prevention of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy for emergency procedures remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of short-duration antioxidant pretreatment on contrast-medium-induced cytotoxicity. METHODS: Human embryonic kidney cells were treated with three different contrast media: ionic ioxitalamate, non-ionic low-osmolar iopromide, and iso-osmolar iodixanol. The doses and durations of pretreatment with antioxidants were 2 mM/L N-acetylcysteine for 15 minutes, 40 µM/L probucol for 30 minutes, and 30 µM/L ascorbic acid for 30 minutes. A supplementary dose of 2 mM/L N-acetylcysteine was administered 12 hours after contrast medium treatment. Cell viability was determined by tetrazolium MTT assay. RESULTS: All three contrast media caused significant reduction of cell viability at 24 hours (p<0.001). In the groups receiving iopromide or iodixanol, N-acetylcysteine pretreatment significantly improved cell viability compared with no N-acetylcysteine pretreatment (p<0.001). In the group receiving ioxitalamate, N-acetylcysteine pretreatment followed by a supplementary dose of N-acetylcysteine at 12 hours rather than N-acetylcysteine pretreatment alone significantly improved cell viability compared with no N-acetylcysteine pretreatment (p=0.038). Probucol or ascorbic acid pretreatment was unable to reduce cell death caused by the three contrast media. CONCLUSIONS: Short-duration pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine significantly reduced contrast-medium-induced cytotoxicity. These findings provide new insight into the prevention of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy in clinical emergency scenarios.

Cystatin C: a possible sensitive marker for detecting potential kidney injury after computed tomography coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVES: Cystatin C (CyC) has recently been recognized as a sensitive marker for potential renal dysfunction. We investigated the role of CyC for evaluating potential kidney injury after computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). METHODS: The CyC, serum creatinine (sCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were evaluated before and 1 day and 1 week after the procedure in 140 patients with preserved renal function referred for CTCA. The amount of unrestricted oral fluid intake was measured for 24 hours after CTCA. The relationship between the amount of oral fluid intake and the changes in each renal marker was compared. RESULTS: A strong correlation was observed between oral fluid volume and the changes in CyC (r = -0.80, P < 0.0001) as well as the changes in sCr (r = -0.54, P < 0.0001) and eGFR (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001), but a weak correlation was observed between oral fluid volume and the changes in BUN (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). A progressive rise in a mean level of CyC was observed. The percentage of diabetic history was greater (73% vs 40%, P < 0.001) and oral fluid volume was lower (1142 mL vs 2114 mL, P < 0.0001) in patients with a rise in CyC but without one in sCr than in those showing a rise in neither CyC nor sCr at 1 day postprocedure. Seventy-four (80%) of 92 patients with a rise in CyC at 1 day postprocedure showed a recovery to the baseline sCr levels at 1 week postprocedure, but only 26 (28%) showed a recovery to the baseline CyC levels at 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Cystatin C is a more sensitive marker than sCr in evaluating the effects of oral fluid volume on renal function and in detecting potential kidney injury, especially in diabetic patients after CTCA.

Characterization of a novel model for investigation of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity.

OBJECTIVES: Radiocontrast agents are one of the most common causes of acute renal failure in the world. These agents are required for both diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of medical intervention, including computed tomography (CT), angiography and cardiac catheterization. Publications over the past 40 years support three potential mechanisms of toxicity: oxidative stress, haemodynamics and hyperosmolar effects. An in vitro model provides a rapid evaluation of cellular toxicity without the complications of haemodynamics. This study evaluated the renal toxicity of radiocontrast agents at clinically relevant concentrations. METHODS: This study investigated the toxicity of two radiocontrast agents, diatrizoic acid (DA) and iothalamic acid (IA), using an in vitro model. Renal cortical slices isolated from F344 rats were incubated with 0-111 mg I/ml DA or IA. RESULTS: Renal slices exposed to DA and IA showed toxicity as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage at concentrations lower than previously published using isolated cell models. These data indicate that DA and IA are toxic to renal cortical slices, and this is a more sensitive model than previously used cell culture systems. DA and IA treatment failed to cause a significant decrease in total cellular glutathione or increase in percent glutathione disulphide (GSSG), implying that oxidative stress may not be an initial mechanism of toxicity. Finally, the addition of exogenous glutathione did provide complete protection from DA- and IA-induced LDH leakage. CONCLUSION: These data validate the renal cortical slice in vitro model for investigation of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity. These studies further showed that glutathione was cytoprotective. Future research using this model is aimed at further characterization of radiocontrast nephrotoxicity, which may allow for improved prevention and treatment of radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure.

Differential effects of N-acetylcysteine, theophylline or bicarbonate on contrast-induced rat renal vasoconstriction.

BACKGROUND: Vasoconstriction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation following contrast media (CM) injection are the key factors triggering CM-induced nephropathy. We compared the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), theophylline or sodium bicarbonate on intrarenal vasoconstriction and ROS generation in a rat model of CM-induced nephropathy. METHODS: Following a 3-day dehydration, Sprague-Dawley rats received CM (Telebrix) or sham 'CM' injection of 0.9% saline. Part of them received NAC, theophylline or bicarbonate prior to CM. Medullar renal blood flow was estimated by laser Doppler. The animals were sacrificed 1, 15 or 30 min after the respective treatments, their kidneys allocated and intrarenal STAT-8 isoprostane, PGE(2) and NO assessed. RESULTS: Vasoconstriction was significantly attenuated by NAC. Theophylline only mildly attenuated the perfusion drop at 15 min, and was ineffective following 30 min. Unlike theophylline or bicarbonate, NAC significantly augmented intrarenal PGE(2). NAC, theophylline but not bicarbonate, gradually increased intrarenal NO. In all experimental variables, CM-induced ROS accumulation, represented by STAT-8 isoprostane estimation, progressed undisturbed. CONCLUSIONS: (1) CM-induced intrarenal vasoconstriction was efficiently prohibited by NAC but not bicarbonate or theophylline; (2) the vasodilatory effect of NAC was mediated via increased PGE(2) synthesis, and (3) ROS accumulation was a primary renal response to CM-induced injury, not affected by any pharmacologic manipulations.

Inadvertent intrathecal administration of ionic contrast medium to a dog.

A hyperosmolar ionic contrast medium, ioxithalamate (Telebrix), was inadvertently injected intrathecally to a dog during myelography. The resultant severe adverse effects were myoclonus, uncontrollable seizures, and hyperthermia. These symptoms have been described by some authors as "ascending tonic-clonic seizure syndrome". The dog completely recovered within 24 h. The literature on 47 humans receiving intrathecal ionic contrast medium after 1966, one dog and one horse was reviewed, including the drugs involved, the circumstances of their use, and the symptoms, treatment and outcome of patients who received the drugs intrathecally. Recommendations to prevent such a misuse are given. The present report and review are a reminder that ionic contrast media are absolutely contraindicated for myelography. Only nonionic contrast media can be used intrathecally. All of the hyperosmolar contrast media are ionic and therefore contraindicated for myelography.

Iodide mumps after contrast media imaging: a rare adverse effect to iodine.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to iodinated contrast media may elicit a variety of adverse reactions. Anaphylactoid and delayed cell-mediated unwanted effects are common; rare adverse reactions include iodine-related sialadenopathy, iododerma, and acneiform eruptions. OBJECTIVES: To describe the occurrence of iodide mumps in a patient examined using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and to outline differential diagnoses. METHODS: A detailed diagnostic approach, including histologic analysis, skin tests, controlled reexposure, efficacy of premedication, and imaging studies, is presented. The findings unique to this reaction and differential diagnoses are highlighted. RESULTS: While undergoing repeated contrast-enhanced computed tomography a patient developed recurrent swellings of the sublingual glands, identified as iodide mumps. These swellings resolved within a few days. Imaging studies and histologic analysis showed distinct patterns without inflammation. The important role of iodine in this adverse reaction is demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine from iodinated contrast media may rarely elicit noninflammatory edema of the salivary glands. The reaction should be differentiated from other swellings in the head and neck area.

Cytotoxic effects of ionic high-osmolar, nonionic monomeric, and nonionic iso-osmolar dimeric iodinated contrast media on renal tubular cells in vitro.

PURPOSE: To compare the cytotoxic effects of dimeric and monomeric iodinated contrast media on renal tubular cells in vitro with regard to osmolality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LLC-PK1 cells were incubated with ioxithalamate, ioversol, iomeprol-300, iomeprol-150, iodixanol, iotrolan, and hyperosmolar mannitol solutions for 1-24 hours at concentrations from 18.75 to 150 mg of iodine per milliliter. Cytotoxic effects were assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance; post hoc tests were performed. RESULTS: At equal iodine concentrations, ioxithalamate showed stronger cytotoxic effects than did other contrast media (MTT conversion for ioxithalamate was 4% vs that for ioversol of 32%, that for iomeprol-300 of 34%, that for iodixanol of 40%, and that for iotrolan of 41% of undamaged control cells at 75 mg of iodine per milliliter, n = 61-90, P < .001); there was no significant difference between low-osmolar monomeric and iso-osmolar dimeric contrast media (P > .05). At equal molarity, dimeric contrast media induced significantly stronger cytotoxic effects than did low-osmolar monomeric contrast media (40% for iodixanol and 41% for iotrolan vs 64% for ioversol and 59% for iomeprol-300 at 98.5 mmol/L, n = 61-75, P < .001). At equimolar concentrations, both dimeric contrast media showed stronger cytotoxic effects than did iso-osmolar formulation of iomeprol-150 (51% for iodixanol and 50% for iotrolan vs 77% for iomeprol-150 at 98.5 mmol/L, n = 35-40, P < .001). Mannitol solutions induced weaker cytotoxic effects than did corresponding contrast media compounds (74% for mannitol-520 vs 34% for iomeprol-300 and 41% for mannitol-1860 vs 4% for ioxithalamate, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Besides hyperosmolality, direct cytotoxic effects of contrast media molecules contribute to their cytotoxic effects. Results of this study indicate that dimeric contrast media molecules have a greater potential for cytotoxic effects on proximal renal tubular cells in vitro than do monomeric contrast media molecules.

Nephropathy in critically Ill patients without preexisting renal disease.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a common complication of radiographic procedures. Isovue (lopamidol) is a low-osmolality nonionic monomeric tri-iodinated water soluble agent widely used as a contrast medium in radiographic procedures for intravascular, intrathecal, and body cavity administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lopamidol on renal function in patients without any preexisting renal condition who were undergoing radiographic imaging with the iodine contrast. Seventy-five patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) had CT-scans with intravenous lopamidol contrast. All the patients had a normal serum creatinine before administration of the contrast media. Serum creatinine was recorded for three consecutive days after the CT-scan. The control group consisted of medical ICU patients that were not administered iodine contrast during their stay in the unit. There was no change from the baseline in the control group. A significant increase in serum creatinine was recorded in patients undergoing CT-scan with lopamidol contrast. In 18% of the patients, creatinine was elevated more than 25% from the baseline. This level of creatinine elevation indicated a significant decrease in glomerular filtration, and thus fulfilled the criteria for contrast-induced nephropathy. Our data demonstrates that iodine contrast media for CT in ICU patients without preexisting kidney disease can precipitate clearly measurable nephropathic changes.

Studies on experimental iodine allergy: 2. Iodinated protein antigens and their generation from inorganic and organic iodine-containing chemicals.

We hypothesize that iodine allergy is an immune response to iodinated autologous proteins generated in vivo from iodine-containing organic and inorganic chemicals. In this report, effects of protein iodination on elicitogenic activity in guinea pig iodine allergy model and iodinated protein antigen generation in vitro from iodine-containing chemicals were investigated. Active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests were performed in guinea pigs immunized with iodine. The amount of iodine (I2) reacted to proteins for giving them an eliciting activity of ACA was > or = 0.15 micromol for 1 mg of albumin. DTH reactions were provoked by intradermal injection of 10(6) PECs reacted with > or = 0.075 micromol of I2. I2 was generated from a potassium iodide (KI) solution or iodinated contrast media by UV light irradiation. X-ray irradiation of KI and iodinated contrast media in the presence of protein resulted in the generation of iodinated protein antigens. The generation of iodinated protein antigens was inhibited in the presence of reducing agents. Therefore, it is noteworthy that iodine allergy of the present hypothesis is dependent on reactive oxygens. By presenting these ex vivo and in vitro data, we discuss the possibilities for the generation of iodinated protein antigens in vivo.

Inadvertent intrathecal use of ionic contrast agent.

Intrathecal administration of ionic contrast media may cause severe and fatal neurotoxic reactions due to their hyperosmolarity and ionic nature. They are therefore strictly contraindicated for all radiologic applications involving the central nervous system (e.g., myelography). We present a case in which ioxitalamate was accidentally injected intrathecally. The patient recovered completely due to a combination of the different therapeutic options reported in the literature, including early mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular paralysis, aggressive control of seizures, elevation of head and trunk to prevent cephalad migration of contrast, steroids, cerebrospinal fluid drainage and lavage and prophylactic antibiotics.

Excretory urography by intraosseous injection of contrast media in a rabbit model.

There are many indications for an intravenous excretory urogram. However, where intravenous access is not available, the intraosseous route to the circulation may be an alternative. We found that safe and diagnostic excretory urograms could be obtained in rabbits following the injection of different contrast media via the intraosseous route. In fact, these excretory urograms were indistinguishable from ones obtained by the conventional intravenous route. While the rabbits did not develop any abnormal clinical signs following the procedure, there were postmortem histologic lesions of osteochondrosis in 5 of 22 (22.7%) tibias receiving an intraosseous needle, but in none of the 14 tibias that did not receive an intraosseous needle. Further, the use of diatrizoate was associated with the development of osteochondrosis while the use of iopamidol was not.

Potential harmful effect of iodinated intravenous contrast medium on the clinical course of mild acute pancreatitis.

HYPOTHESIS: A worse clinical outcome might be expected in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) who receive intravenous contrast medium for a nondynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) study early during hospital admission. DESIGN: Cohort analytic study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Of 126 patients with mild AP, 52 patients underwent CECT to establish AP diagnosis (group 1), and the remaining 74 did not (group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and development of local or systemic complications during the hospital stay. Potential confounders were demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, as well as therapeutic measures. The Atlanta classification was used to define local and systemic complications. RESULTS: Mean age, etiology of AP, prognostic score on admission, and pharmacologic treatment were similar between groups. Local and systemic complications were more frequently observed in patients who underwent CECT (odds ratio, 11.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-64.8; P =.008). Six patients, all in group 1, developed a pancreatic abscess (odds ratio, 20.8; P =.004). In 5 of them, a second CECT showed more severe AP changes. The association between CECT and abscess development was more apparent in patients with a body mass index of 25 or more and/or nasogastric suction. Six patients in group 1 and 1 in group 2 had systemic complications (odds ratio, 9. 5; P =.01). There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The observed increased incidence of local and systemic complications in patients with mild AP who undergo CECT, particularly in those with a body mass index of 25 or more, suggests a potentially harmful effect of intravenous contrast medium. Until this issue is clarified, it seems reasonable to restrict the use of dynamic CECT to patients with severe AP, protracted clinical course, or suspected local septic complication.

Iodinated contrast media induced oxidative stress status in patients undergoing urography.

BACKGROUND: The present investigation is an extension of our earlier work on oxidative stress in a number of clinical situations and awareness of potential toxicity of contrast media. It was of interest to understand the relative safety (in terms of balance between oxidants/antioxidants) of the usage of iodinated contrast media in urography. METHODS: Alterations in serum levels of oxidant lipid peroxidation and product malondialdehyde (MDA) and components of anti-oxidant have been studied in 125 patients (with renal calculus disease) to undergo intravenous urographic procedure before and 3 hours following intravenous administration of Trivideo-400 (Iothalmate Sodium 40 ml: 18 gm Iodine) and results of serum levels of MDA (nmol/ml), SOD (mu/ml), Vit-C and Vit-E (mg/dl) were also compared with 135 appropriately age matched controls. RESULTS: The salient features of present investigation indicated definite pattern viz. Significant rise in serum levels of oxidant MDA (4.35 +/- 2.05) and fall in SOD (3.04 +/- 1.04), Vit-C (0.55 +/- 0.17), Vit-E (0.67 +/- 0.20) in patients at pre-IVU stage in comparison with those of controls viz MDA (4.35 +/- 2.05), SOD (3.77 +/- 1.55), Vit-C (0.71 +/- 0.25) and Vit-E (0.80 +/- 0.30). There occurred further elevation in serum levels of MDA (5.28 +/- 2.48) and fall in SOD (3.07 +/- 0.97), Vit-C (0.52 +/- 0.16), Vit-E (0.66 +/- 0.19) showing no significant alterations 3 hours following intravenous IVU procedure. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that contrast media induced changes did remain within tolerable physiological limits and no significant changes in anti-oxidant components Vit-E and SOD were suggestive of relative safety of iodinated contrast media usage.