Epidemiologia da pitiose equina na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Epidemiology of equine pythiosis in southern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Foi realizado um levantamento dos casos de pitiose equina recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no período de janeiro de 1979 a julho de 2011, com o objetivo de determinar as condições epidemiológicas em que a doença ocorre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse período foram recebidos 1888 materiais de equinos, dos quais, 435 eram provenientes do sistema tegumentar e 63 (14,5%) corresponderam à pitiose. Os animais afetados eram de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre oito meses e 22 anos. A raça mais frequentemente afetada foi a Crioula. A maioria dos casos de pitiose foi encaminhada ao laboratório entre março e junho. A evolução das lesões de pitiose variou de duas semanas até um ano. Os municípios com maior número de casos de pitiose foram Pelotas (22/63) Santa Vitória do Palmar (15/63) e Rio Grande (8/63). Foi observado que na maioria dos casos, no mês provável de infecção a temperatura máxima foi superior ou próxima a 30°C em pelo menos um dia. A observação de casos em épocas mais frias do ano pode ser devido ao fato da temperatura de águas estagnadas ser mais elevada que a temperatura ambiental o que permite o desenvolvimento das estruturas infectantes de Pythium insidiosum.(AU)

A survey of cases of equine pythiosis received by the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, from January 1979 to July 2011, was made to determine the epidemiological conditions in which the disease occurs in southern Rio Grande do Sul. Samples from 1888 horses were received; 435 samples were from the integumentary system, of which 63 (14.5%) corresponded to pythiosis. The affected animals were of both sexes and their age ranged from 8 months to 22 years. Crioulo was the most prevalent breed. Most cases of pythiosis were sent to the laboratory between March and June. The evolution of the lesions due to pythiosis ranged from 2 weeks to 1 year. The municipalities with the greatest number of cases were Pelotas (22/63), Santa Vitória do Palmar (15/63) and Rio Grande (8/63). With respect to the climatic data, in most cases the maximum temperature in the probable month of infection was above or close to 30°C during at least one day. The observation of cases in the colder seasons of the year could be due to the stagnant water temperature higher than the temperature of the air, which allows the development of infective structures of Pythium insidiosum.(AU)

Epidemiologia da pitiose equina na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Epidemiology of equine pythiosis in southern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Foi realizado um levantamento dos casos de pitiose equina recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no período de janeiro de 1979 a julho de 2011, com o objetivo de determinar as condições epidemiológicas em que a doença ocorre na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse período foram recebidos 1888 materiais de equinos, dos quais, 435 eram provenientes do sistema tegumentar e 63 (14,5%) corresponderam à pitiose. Os animais afetados eram de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre oito meses e 22 anos. A raça mais frequentemente afetada foi a Crioula. A maioria dos casos de pitiose foi encaminhada ao laboratório entre março e junho. A evolução das lesões de pitiose variou de duas semanas até um ano. Os municípios com maior número de casos de pitiose foram Pelotas (22/63) Santa Vitória do Palmar (15/63) e Rio Grande (8/63). Foi observado que na maioria dos casos, no mês provável de infecção a temperatura máxima foi superior ou próxima a 30°C em pelo menos um dia. A observação de casos em épocas mais frias do ano pode ser devido ao fato da temperatura de águas estagnadas ser mais elevada que a temperatura ambiental o que permite o desenvolvimento das estruturas infectantes de Pythium insidiosum.

A survey of cases of equine pythiosis received by the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, from January 1979 to July 2011, was made to determine the epidemiological conditions in which the disease occurs in southern Rio Grande do Sul. Samples from 1888 horses were received; 435 samples were from the integumentary system, of which 63 (14.5%) corresponded to pythiosis. The affected animals were of both sexes and their age ranged from 8 months to 22 years. Crioulo was the most prevalent breed. Most cases of pythiosis were sent to the laboratory between March and June. The evolution of the lesions due to pythiosis ranged from 2 weeks to 1 year. The municipalities with the greatest number of cases were Pelotas (22/63), Santa Vitória do Palmar (15/63) and Rio Grande (8/63). With respect to the climatic data, in most cases the maximum temperature in the probable month of infection was above or close to 30°C during at least one day. The observation of cases in the colder seasons of the year could be due to the stagnant water temperature higher than the temperature of the air, which allows the development of infective structures of Pythium insidiosum.

Antibiotic-resistance patterns of bacterical pathogens isolated from ornamental fish in Trinidad and Tobago

Ornamental fish farming forms an important part of the local aquaculture industry in Trinidad and Tobago, and the number of farms has been increasing annually. This study was designed to ascertain the prevalence of bacterial pathogens from fish and pond water, and determine the resistance of the bacteria to commonly used antimicrobial agents. A total of 1204 bacterial isolates were recovered: from 575 fish slurry and 111 water samples from 17 aquaculture farms. Isolates from fish were identified as belonging to 19, and those from water samples were grouped in 18 genera. The predominant genera isolated were (in descending order) Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Chromobacterium spp., Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp. Screening against 8 antimicrobial agents showed that 95.1 percent (774 of 814) of isolates from fish slurry, and 98.4 percent (254 to 258) of isolates from pond water were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents ( P> 0.05, X2). The highest resistance (55-94 percent) were to ampicillin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin, but relatively lower resistance (4-14 percent) occurred to gentamycin and norfloxacin (P< 0.05; X2). It was concluded that the high prevalence of bacterial pathogens in ornamental fish coupled with their high levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents may pose therapeutic problems as well as health risks to farmers, workers and fish hobbyists

Non-specific sensitization to old tuberculin: mycobacteria in water / ?

One hundred and thirty-three strains of acid-fast organism have been isolated from 234 specimens of water, beach-sand and mud from dams and creeks. Stagnant and semistagnant water such as swimming pools, reservoirs and rain water tanks are the richest source of mycobacteria in the surroundings of man. The percentage of positive isolations and the number of strains which are able to produce skin lesions and sensitize guinea pigs to Old Tuberculin seem to be greater in North Queensland and Brisbane than in Sydney. This parallels the conversion rates in children of 10-14 years which are around 50%, 25% and 5% respectively

Annual report of the Director of Medical Services for the year 1964

This report is an extract of a 1964 Ministry of Health Medical Services annual report from Barbados, West Indies and consists of Part I to Part VI of the original report. The latter part of Part VI provides a summary of the work done by members of the Inspectorate and other allied units of the Department of Medical Services during the period January 1 to December 31. Three aspects of the work summary appearing here are: (i) Aedes Aegypti Eradication Programme; (ii) Quarantine and Port Sanitation; and (iii) Rodent Control. The Aedes Aegypti Eradication Programme was reported as taking precedence over other work carried out by the Department. It was observed however, that despite the work carried out, the general attitude of the public showed apathy and lack of interest in the efforts to eradicate the Aedes Aegypti mosquito.