Translation and validation of a Nepalese version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and valid Nepali version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive validation study. SETTINGS: B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. METHODS: A rigorous translation process including conceptual and semantic evaluation, translation, back translation and pre-testing was carried out. Two hundred and fifty-two undergraduates, including equal numbers of males and females with an age ranging from 18 to 29 years (mean age: 22·33±2·114 years), participated in this study. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the coefficient of correlation was used to assess correlation between items and test-retest reliability. The construct validity was tested by factorial analysis. Convergent construct validity was tested by comparison of PIDAQ scores with the aesthetic component of the index of orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN-AC) and perception of occlusion scale (POS), respectively. Discriminant construct validity was assessed by differences in score for those who demand treatment and those who did not. RESULTS: The response rate was 100%. One hundred and twenty-three individuals had a demand for orthodontic treatment. The Nepali PIDAQ had excellent reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0·945, corrected item correlation between 0·525 and 0·790 and overall test-retest reliability of 0·978. The construct validity was good with formation of a new sub-domain 'Dental self-consciousness'. The scale had good correlation with IOTN-AC and POS fulfilling convergent construct validity. The discriminant construct validity was proved by significant differences in scores for subjects with demand and without demand for treatment. CONCLUSION: To conclude, Nepali version of PIDAQ has good psychometric properties and can be used effectively in this population group for further research.

The use of occlusal indices in high-impact literature.

UNLABELLED: Malocclusion is difficult to define because individuals and cultures vary widely in their perceptions of what constitutes an occlusal problem. A number of occlusal indices have been devised but, probably because of this perceptual problem, none has ever emerged as a standard. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to review the use of the principal occlusal indices. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: The PUBMED database was searched for the main occlusal indices employed, journals with an impact in dentistry and specialist orthodontics journals. RESULTS: The occlusal indices most frequently employed were IOTN (163 studies), PAR (132 studies), DAI (68 studies) and ICON (32 studies). The journals publishing the greatest number of studies using these occlusal indices are those specialising in orthodontics. CONCLUSIONS: In the high-impact scientific literature, the indices in greatest use are IOTN, followed by PAR, DAI and ICON. DAI and IOTN are mainly used in epidemiological or prevalence studies, while PAR is generally used for longitudinal studies. IOTN is used more in Europe. DAI is used worldwide; though least in Europe.