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1.
J Immunol Res ; 2018: 5718396, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30402509

RESUMO

Ulcerative colitis is one inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is caused by diverse factors, including the extent and duration of intestinal inflammation. We investigated the effect of Acer palmatum thumb. ethanol extract (KIOM-2015E) on the expression of tight junction proteins and the levels of inflammation in the cell model induced with interleukin-6- (IL-6-) and mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced with acute colitis. KIOM-2015E (100 mg/kg) was orally administered once per day to BALB/C mice with colitis induced by administration of 5% DSS in drinking water. KIOM-2015E did not affect viability in Caco-2 cells. Also, KIOM-2015E repaired the IL-6-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, KIOM-2015E recovered the loss of body weight and the abnormally short colon lengths in the DSS-induced model of acute colitis. Moreover, KIOM-2015E significantly inhibited the decrease of zonula occluden-1 and occludin in colonic tissue relative to the DSS-treated control group. KIOM-2015E also significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the level of serum relative to the control group. Collectively, these data suggest that KIOM-2015E protects colitis principally by improving intestinal barrier function and promoting anti-inflammatory responses. In turn, these effects inhibit macrophage infiltration into the colon and thus may be a candidate treatment for IBD.


Assuntos
Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colo/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Acer/imunologia , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa , Colo/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/química , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Extratos Vegetais/química
2.
Arch Dermatol Res ; 309(4): 265-274, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28283753

RESUMO

The red maple (Acer rubrum) is a rich source of phenolic compounds which possess galloyl groups attached to different positions of a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol core. While these glucitol-core containing gallotannins (GCGs) have reported anti-oxidant and anti-glycative effects, they have not yet been evaluated for their cosmetic applications. Herein, the anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of a proprietary phenolic-enriched red maple leaves extract [Maplifa™; contains ca. 45% ginnalin A (GA) along with other GCGs] were investigated using enzyme and cellular assays. The GCGs showed anti-tyrosinase activity with IC50 values ranging from 101.4 to 1047.3 µM and their mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition (using GA as a representative GCG) was evaluated by chelating and computational/modeling studies. GA reduced melanin content in murine melanoma B16F10 cells by 79.1 and 56.7% (at non-toxic concentrations of 25 and 50 µM, respectively), and its mechanisms of anti-melanogenic effects were evaluated by using methods including fluorescent probe (DCF-DA), real-time PCR, and western blot experiments. These data indicated that GA was able to: (1) reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species, (2) down-regulate the expression of MITF, TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2 gene levels in a time-dependent manner, and (3) significantly reduce protein expression of the TRP-2 gene. Therefore, the anti-melanogenic effects of red maple GCGs warrant further investigation of this proprietary natural product extract for potential cosmetic applications.


Assuntos
Acer/imunologia , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/uso terapêutico , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Melanócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Sorbitol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/genética , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanócitos/fisiologia , Melanoma Experimental , Camundongos , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta , Sorbitol/química
4.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 114(3): 193-198.e4, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25744905

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nasal eosinophils are a biomarker for allergic rhinitis (AR) and are associated with increased symptom severity. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of allergic eosinophilic rhinitis (AER) in early childhood in children at higher risk for chronic allergic respiratory disorders. METHODS: In the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, infants born to aeroallergen-sensitized and symptomatic parents were examined and underwent skin prick testing (SPT) annually to 15 aeroallergens from 1 to 4 years of age. Wheal circumferences were traced and scanned and areas were determined by computer planimetry. At 4 years, AER was defined as (1) at least 1 positive aeroallergen SPT result, (2) presence of sneezing and runny nose without a cold or influenza, and (3) nasal eosinophilia of at least 5%. Wheal areas at 1 to 3 years were analyzed for an association with AER compared with children without AR. RESULTS: At 4 years, 487 children completed rhinitis health histories, SPT, and nasal sampling. Ninety-nine children (22.8%) had AR. Thirty-eight children had AER (8.8% of total sample and 38.4% of AR sample, respectively). At 3 years, for every 1-mm(2) increase in Penicillium species (adjusted odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.32, P = .002) and maple (adjusted odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.13, P = .02), wheal area significantly increased the risk of AER at 4 years of age. CONCLUSION: Allergic eosinophilic rhinitis was identified in 8.8% of children at 4 years of age. Age 3 years was the earliest that aeroallergen SPT wheal areas were predictive of AER. Skin testing at 3 years identifies children at risk for an AR phenotype with nasal eosinophilia.


Assuntos
Acer/imunologia , Eosinofilia/imunologia , Penicillium/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/diagnóstico , Rinite Alérgica Perene/imunologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Biomarcadores , Pré-Escolar , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Nasal/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes Cutâneos
5.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 22(9): 6904-11, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25471717

RESUMO

Atmospheric gaseous pollutants can induce qualitative and quantitative changes in airborne pollen characteristics. In this work, it was investigated the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on Acer negundo pollen fertility, protein content, allergenic properties, and carbohydrates. Pollen was collected directly from the anthers and in vitro exposed to three CO2 levels (500, 1000, and 3000 ppm) for 6 and 24 h in an environmental chamber. Pollen fertility was determined using viability and germination assays, total soluble protein was determined with Coomassie Protein Assay Reagent, and the antigenic and allergenic properties were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunological techniques using patients' sera. Also, pollen fructose, sucrose, and glucose values were determined. Carbon dioxide exposure affected negatively pollen fertility, total soluble protein content, and fructose content. The patient sera revealed increased IgE reactivity to proteins of A. negundo pollen exposed to increasing levels of the pollutant. No changes were detected in the SDS-PAGE protein profiles and in sucrose and glucose levels. Our results indicate that increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can have a negative influence of some features of A. negundo airborne pollen that can influence the reproductive processes as well as respiratory pollen allergies in the future.


Assuntos
Acer/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/efeitos dos fármacos , Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/análise , Acer/química , Acer/imunologia , Acer/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Pólen/química , Pólen/efeitos dos fármacos , Pólen/imunologia , Pólen/fisiologia
7.
Protoplasma ; 249(1): 89-98, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21327845

RESUMO

Chitosan (CHT) is a natural, non-toxic, and inexpensive compound obtained by partial alkaline deacetylation of chitin, the main component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and other arthropods. The unique physiological and biological properties of CHT make this polymer useful for a wide range of industries. In agriculture, CHT is used to control numerous pre- and postharvest diseases on various horticultural commodities. In recent years, much attention has been devoted to CHT as an elicitor of defense responses in plants, which include raising of cytosolic Ca(2+), activation of MAP kinases, callose apposition, oxidative burst, hypersensitive response, synthesis of abscisic acid, jasmonate, phytoalexins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. In this work, we investigated the effects of different CHT concentrations on some defense/stress responses of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) cultured cells. CHT induced accumulation of dead cells, and of cells with fragmented DNA, production of H(2)O(2) and nitric oxide, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrion, accumulation of regulative 14-3-3 proteins in the cytosol and of HSP70 molecular chaperone binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, accompanied by marked modifications in the architecture of this cell organelle.


Assuntos
Acer/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Células Vegetais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Fisiológico , Proteínas 14-3-3/metabolismo , Acer/citologia , Acer/imunologia , Morte Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Fragmentação do DNA , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Microscopia Confocal , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Células Vegetais/imunologia
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