RESUMO
Introducción: La Organización Panamericana de la Salud reco-noce a la Enfermedad Renal Crónica de Causas No Tradiciona-les como una forma grave de insuficiencia renal de etiología incierta, la cual ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas en las comunidades y saturación de los sistemas de salud. La enfer-medad se ha relacionado con infecciones, deshidratación, hi-peruricemia, exposición a agroquímicos o metales pesados y susceptibilidad genética. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora sobre la relación entre la enfermedad renal de causa no tradicional con factores sociodemográficos, exposición agrícola y metales pesados en población latinoamericana. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática integradora bajo la guía PRISMA en las bases de datos Medigraphic, Bio-Med Central, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Science-Direct, PubMed y Scopus. Con las palabras claves: enfermedad renal, nefritis, metales pesados, agroquímicos, factor de riesgo. Se incluyeron 39 estudios después de evaluar la calidad meto-dológica de los mismos. Resultados: El 35,89% de los estudios incluídos tuvo una rigu-rosidad científica alta. Referente a las causas, se encontró que la exposición a agroquímicos fue la causa de mayor frecuencia en el padecimiento de esta enfermedad. Conclusión: Los metales pesados y agroquímicos han demos-trado influir en el desarrollo de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica de causas no tradicionales, no obstante, la mayoría de los re-sultados de los artículos incluidos no tienen resultados genera-lizables ni estadísticamente significativos. Los factores socio-demográficos han sido poco estudiados y se requiere de mayor investigación con rigurosidad científica sobre esta variable.(AU)
ntroduction: The Pan American Health Organization recognizes Chronic Kidney Disease of Nontraditional Causes as a serious form of kidney failure of uncertain etiology, which has reached devastating epidemic proportions in communities and saturation of health systems. Hypotheses related to infections, dehydration, global warming, hyperuricemia, exposure to agrochemicals or heavy metals and genetic susceptibility are mentioned, however, these hypotheses have not been conclusive. Objective: To carry out a systematic review on the relationship between non-traditional kidney disease and sociodemographic factors, agricultural exposure or heavy metals in the Latin American population. Methodology: An integrative systematic review was carried out under the PRISMA guide in the Medigraphic, BioMed Central, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus databases. With the keywords: kidney disease, nephritis, heavy metals, agrochemicals, risk factor. Of which 39 studies were included after evaluating their methodological quality. Results: it was found that 35.89% of the included studies had a high scientific rigor. Regarding the causes, it was found that exposure to agrochemicals was the most frequent cause of this disease. Conclusion: Heavy metals and agrochemicals have been shown to influence the development of Chronic Kidney Disease of Nontraditional Causes, however, most of the results are not generals and doesn ́t demonstrate a statistically significant relationship. Sociodemographic factors have been little studied and more rigorous scientific research on this variable is required.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Agroquímicos/efeitos da radiação , Metais Pesados/efeitos da radiação , Nefrite , Exposição Ocupacional , Nefrologia , Nefropatias , América Latina , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ethylenediamine-N, N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA) is one of the most efficient iron-chelating agents employed to relieve iron chlorosis in plants. It has been well known for decades that this compound is photosensitive, but in spite of this fact its degradation pathways are virtually unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the length of sunlight exposure and the concentration of irradiated EDDHA/Fe(3+) solutions influence the photostability of the chelate at constant pH. Moreover, the possible toxic effect of the chelate photodegradation products, elsewhere proposed, on soybean growth has been tested. RESULTS: The photodecomposition of the chelate increased as the time of sunlight exposure increased, and resulted in a partial decomposition of the organic ligand. Moreover, EDDHA/Fe(3+) photodecomposition was highly correlated with the concentration of solution exposed. Plants did not present differences in recovery from chlorosis among treatments with and without decomposition products. CONCLUSIONS: EDDHA/Fe(3+) undergoes photodegradation, like other aminopolycarboxylic acids, being more degraded as solution concentration decreases and exposure time increases. The photodecomposition products salicylic acid, salicylaldehide and Salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine diimine tested did not have negative effects on soybean growth, at least in the short-term hydroponic experimental design tested.
