Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques.

Recent field exploration and collections has led to the findings of several new species in Pakistan. Here we reported two new species Ajuga reptance L and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Prusk for the first time in Pakistan flora as these species were neither listed in any other literature nor identified before in Pakistan. These species were found as a result of taxonomic studies performed in the year 2019 in District Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Microscopic techniques were used for the confirmation of foliar epidermal and pollen micromorphological features. Detailed study (morphological, palynological, and foliar epidermal) was provided for the correct identification and delimitation of the species using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological results were compared with the flora of Taiwan and China.

[Pharmacognostical studies on Prunella vulgaris and Ajuga decumbens].

Ajuga decumbens Thunb. is superficially similar to Prunella vulgaris Linn. and has been used as a substitution of the latter for along time. Systematical studies on external and internal structure were carried out on the two species. By means of studies on root, stem, leaf, flower and seed, morphological characters of histology were examined and described.