RESUMO
Methods used in the manufacture of both ethanol and ascorbic acid have been developed over the past 150 years. The early stages of the development of both processes were characterized by the interaction between chemists, biologists and engineers, but social and economic influences also played their part. The history of these two examples illustrates the diversity of skills and influences needed for the application of biological catalysis to large-scale chemical manufacture.
Assuntos
Catálise , Química Orgânica/história , Enzimas/história , Acetobacter/química , Amilases/química , Amilases/história , Amilases/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/síntese química , Ácido Ascórbico/história , Cerveja/história , Cerveja/microbiologia , Biotransformação , Química Orgânica/tendências , Enzimas/química , Etanol/síntese química , Etanol/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Microbiologia Industrial/tendênciasRESUMO
A paper by Starkenstein on the influence of chloride on the enzymatic activity of liver amylase, including a description of the adsorption of the enzyme on starch, is discussed with reference to the early concepts of enzyme-substrate binding and to later work on specific adsorption of amylase on starch.
