Evaluación métrica de caninos permanentes para la estimación sexual en la Colección “Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre”, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Metric evaluation of permanent canines for sexual estimation in the Collection “Prof. Dr. Romulo Lambre”, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Introducción la estimación del sexo es un aspecto fundamental de la labor forense, ya que constituye un paso obligatorio para la identificación de restos humanos de procedencia desconocida. El análisis metodológico de la dentición como estimador sexual reviste importancia debido al elevado grado de preservación de los dientes. Considerando la necesidad de contar con información concreta respecto del potencial de la dentición en la estimación del sexo en casos locales de Argentina, el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la propuesta previamente desarrollada por Luna (2019) en una muestra local de restos esqueléticos humanos. Materiales y métodos se seleccionó una muestra de 152 caninos permanentes pertenecientes a 98 individuos de ambos sexos que forman parte de la colección osteológica Profesor Dr. Rómulo Lambre (La Plata, Argentina). Posteriormente se aplicó la propuesta de Luna (2019) para la estimación del sexo a partir de la métrica de la corona y del cuello de los caninos, la cual considera las medidas directas y los diferentes tipos de funciones discriminantes y regresiones logísticas. Resultados de las medidas directas consideradas, solo el diámetro mesiodistal cervical ofreció resultados aceptables (>75%) para la estimación sexual. Asimismo, únicamente la función discriminante 1 presentó probabilidades a posteriori de clasificaciones correctas superiores a 0,75 y las regresiones logísticas 1 y 3 exhibieron resultados generales satisfactorios. Conclusiones esta propuesta basada en el estudio métrico de caninos permanentes constituye una alternativa metodológica adecuada en situaciones en las cuales los elementos óseos diagnósticos del sexo se encuentran deteriorados o ausentes. (AU)

Introduction Sex estimation is a fundamental aspect of forensic work as a mandatory step for the identification of human remains of unknown origin. The methodological analysis of the dentition as a sexual estimator is important due to its high degree of preservation. Considering the need for specific information regarding the potential of dentition for sex estimation in forensic cases from Argentina, the aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal previously developed by Luna (2019) in a local sample of human skeletal remains. Materials and methods A sample of 152 permanent canines belonging to 98 individuals of both sexes was selected- The individuals belong to the Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre osteological collection (La Plata, Argentina). Luna's proposal (2019) was applied to estimate sex from canine crown and neck metrics, which considers direct measurements and different types of discriminant functions and logistic regressions. Results Only the cervical mesiodistal diameter showed acceptable results (>75%) for sex estimation. Moreover, discriminant function 1 showed a posteriori probabilities of correct classifications greater than 0.75 and logistic regressions 1 and 3 offered acceptable overall results. Conclusions This proposal based on the metric recording of permanent canines constitutes an adequate methodological alternative in situations in which the diagnostic bone elements of sex are deteriorated or absent. (AU)

Escrutínio público da vida privada: uma análise etnográfica da situação de rua discutida on-line / El escrutinio público de la vida privada: un análisis etnográfico de la situación de calle discutida en internet / Public scrutiny of private life: an ethnographic analysis of homelessness discussed online

Resumo Esta pesquisa, de cunho etnográfico e embasada pelas premissas da Antropologia Digital, investigou as marcas da cultura que atravessam o debate sobre a situação de rua mediado pelas tecnologias digitais em uma página de Facebook. A página analisada, intitulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de pessoas em situação de rua, usando o tom testemunhal. A etapa de observação participante contemplou a leitura de todas as publicações (posts e comentários) entre setembro de 2014 e março de 2020. Participaram do estudo o grupo realizador da página e 27 pessoas que costumavam comentar os posts. A pesquisa corrobora a noção de que o digital é permeado por ambiguidades pois observa-se, por um lado, um movimento de mudança de pensamento e atitude quanto à situação de rua e, por outro, o reforço de visões reducionistas ligadas à sensação de passar a conhecer alguém por meio de histórias publicadas na internet.

Resumen Esta investigación, de carácter etnográfico y basada en las premisas de la Antropología Digital, investigó las marcas de la cultura que permean el debate sobre la situación de calle mediado por las tecnologías digitales en una página de Facebook. La página analizada, titulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de personas en situación de calle, en un tono testimonial. La etapa de observación participante incluyó la lectura de todas las publicaciones (posts y comentarios) entre septiembre de 2014 y marzo de 2020. El grupo que creó la página y 27 personas que comentaban periódicamente los posts participaron del estudio. La investigación corrobora la noción de que el mundo digital está permeado por ambigüedades ya que, por un lado, se observa un cambio de pensamiento y actitud hacia la situación de la calle y, por otro, el refuerzo de visiones reduccionistas vinculadas al sentimiento de conocer a alguien a través de las historias publicadas en internet.

Abstract This research, of an ethnographic nature and based on the premises of Digital Anthropology, investigated the marks of culture that permeate the debate about homelessness mediated by digital technologies on a Facebook page. The analyzed page, named Rio Invisível, publishes reports of homeless people, using a testimonial tone. The participant observation stage included reading all publications (posts and comments) between September 2014 and March 2020. The group that created the page and 27 people who regularly commented on the posts participated in the study. The research corroborates the notion that the digital world is permeated by ambiguities since, on the one hand, there is a change in thinking and attitude towards homelessness and, on the other hand, the reinforcement of reductionist views linked to the feeling of knowing someone through stories published on the internet.

Colecciones anatómicas y regímenes de exhibición. Una introducción / Anatomical collections and exhibition regimes. An introduction

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Contribución para el conocimiento del desarrollo actual de la Antropología Forense en Portugal / A contribution to the state of knowledge of nowadays Forensic Anthropology in Portugal

Se intenta dar a conocer el panorama actual de laAntropología Forense en Portugal a través de su encuadramientoen el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal yde su relación con otras disciplinas forenses. La docencia,el estado actual de las investigaciones sobre AntropologíaForense y las publicaciones que han sido efectuadas en laúltima década son abordados. Se analiza el tipo, frecuenciay perfil de los casos de antropología y se concluye conejemplos de dos casos que ilustran los procedimientos ymetodologías adoptadas en Portugal(AU)

A state of knowledge of nowadays ForensicAnthropology in Portugal is done by means of itscontextualization within the National Institute of ForensicMedicine and its relation with other forensic sciences.Teaching, research on Forensic Anthropology and thepublications that had been done during the last decade arecommented.The type, frequency and profile of forensicanthropology cases in Portugal are discussed. Two casesare briefly presented in order to illustrate the proceduresand methodologies adopted in our country(AU)

[Crania, bodies, and measurements: formation of the collection of anthropometric instruments at the Museu Nacional in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century]. / Crânios, corpos e medidas: a constituição do acervo de instrumentos antropométricos do Museu Nacional na passagem do século XIX para o XX.

Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.

Exploration of anthropological specimens by GC-MS and chemometrics.

Anthropological specimens combine a variety of unfavorable characteristics, rendering their evaluation an analytical challenge. Their remarkable status is primarily based on two characteristics: (i) these very rare samples of human origin are testimonies of human history and are, therefore, available only in minute amounts for analytical purposes, and (ii) the analysis of these samples is extremely limited by the decomposition of molecules, which are easily detected in living organisms, such as nucleic acids and proteins, but are subject to rapid post-mortem decay. In this article, we review the methods and results of archaeometry, emphasizing the role of MS combined with chemometrics. Focusing on experimental results for fatty acid profiles, specimens from mummies from different civilizations were compared. Considering in particular the Tyrolean Iceman, the application of chemometric methods to GC-MS data recovers essential information about the preservation and the storage conditions of mummies.