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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(12)2024 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38928427

RESUMO

Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.


Assuntos
Apium , Clorofila , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II , Folhas de Planta , Ácido Salicílico , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorofila/metabolismo , Apium/metabolismo , Secas , Água/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Desidratação/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico
2.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 24(1): 88, 2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38355510

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastric ulcers represent a worldwide health problem, characterized by erosions that affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and may even reach the muscular layer, leading to serious complications. Numerous natural products have been assessed as anti-ulcerogenic agents, and have been considered as new approaches for treatment or prevention of gastric ulcers. The present research investigated the preventive benefits of Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae), known as celery, seed extract towards indomethacin-induced ulceration of the stomach in rats. METHODS: Metabolomic profiling, employing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS), was implemented with the aim of investigating the chemical profile of the seeds. Histopathological analysis of gastric tissues, as well as assessment of numerous inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators, confirmed the in vivo evaluation. RESULTS: The prior treatment with A. graveolens seed extract resulted in a substantial reduction in the ulcer index when compared to the indomethacin group, indicating an improvement in stomach mucosal injury. Moreover, the gastroprotective effect was demonstrated through examination of the oxidative stress biomarkers which was significantly attenuated upon pre-treatment with A. graveolens seed extract. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a fundamental angiogenic factor that stimulates angiogenesis, was markedly inhibited by indomethacin. A. graveolens seed extract restored this diminished level of VEGF. The dramatic reductions in NF-κB protein levels indicate a considerable attenuation of the indomethacin-induced IKκB/NF-κB p65 signaling cascade. These activities were also correlated to the tentatively featured secondary metabolites including, phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids, previously evidenced to exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to our network pharmacology study, the identified metabolites annotated 379 unique genes, among which only 17 genes were related to gastric ulcer. The PTGS2, MMP2 and PTGS1 were the top annotated genes related to gastric ulcer. The top biological pathway was the VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: A. graveolens seed extract possesses significant anti-ulcer activity, similar to famotidine, against gastric lesions induced by indomethacin in rats. It is worth highlighting that the extract overcomes the negative effects of conventional chemical anti-secretory drugs because it does not lower stomach acidity.


Assuntos
Antiulcerosos , Apium , Úlcera Gástrica , Ratos , Animais , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Apium/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Antiulcerosos/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais
3.
BMC Plant Biol ; 23(1): 151, 2023 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36941578

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Water shortage caused by global warming seriously affects the yield and quality of vegetable crops. ß-carotene, the lipid-soluble natural product with important pharmacological value, is abundant in celery. Transcription factor MYB family extensively disperses in plants and plays regulatory roles in carotenoid metabolism and water scarcity response. RESULTS: Here, the AgMYB5 gene encoding 196 amino acids was amplified from celery cv. 'Jinnanshiqin'. In celery, the expression of AgMYB5 exhibited transactivation activity, tissue specificity, and drought-condition responsiveness. Further analysis proved that ectopic expression of AgMYB5 increased ß-carotene content and promoted drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, AgMYB5 expression promoted ß-carotene biosynthesis by triggering the expression of AtCRTISO and AtLCYB, which in turn increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and led to the decreased contents of H2O2 and MDA, and the inhibition of O2- generation. Meanwhile, ß-carotene accumulation promoted endogenous ABA biosynthesis of transgenic Arabidopsis, which resulted in ABA-induced stomatal closing and delayed water loss. In addition, ectopic expression of AgMYB5 increased expression levels of AtERD1, AtP5CS1, AtRD22, and AtRD29. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that AgMYB5 up-regulated ß-carotene biosynthesis and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis.


Assuntos
Apium , Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , beta Caroteno , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Resistência à Seca , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Verduras/genética , Verduras/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Secas , Água/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo
4.
Plant Sci ; 327: 111563, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36509245

RESUMO

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables worldwide. The main edible parts of celery are the leaf blade and especially the petiole, which typically has a white, green and red color. To date, there are very few reports about the inheritance and gene cloning of celery petiole color. In this study, bulked segregant analysis-sequencing (BSA-Seq) and fine mapping were conducted to delimit the white petiole (wp1) loci into a 668.5-kb region on Chr04. In this region, AgWp1 is a homolog of a DAG protein in Antirrhinum majus and a MORF9 protein in Arabidopsis, and both proteins are involved in chloroplast development. Sequencing alignment shows that there is a 27-bp insertion in the 3'-utr region in AgWp1 in the white petiole. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression level of AgWp1 in the green petiole was much higher than that in the white petiole. Further cosegregation revealed that the 27-bp insertion was completely cosegregated with the petiole color in 45 observed celery varieties. Therefore, AgWp1 was considered to be the candidate gene controlling the white petiole in celery. Our results could not only improve the efficiency and accuracy of celery breeding but also help in understanding the mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development in celery.


Assuntos
Apium , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Verduras/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(17)2022 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36077537

RESUMO

Celery seed is known to be difficult to germinate due to its morphological dormancy. Light is the key signal to release morphological dormancy and promote seed germination. However, this mechanism has rarely been studied. We performed physiological, transcriptome analyses on celery seed exposed to light and dark to decipher the mechanism by which light promotes germination of celery seed. The results showed that light significantly enhanced the expression of gibberellin synthesis genes and abscisic acid degradation genes and inhibited the expression of abscisic acid synthesis genes and gibberellin degradation genes. Moreover, gibberellin synthesis inhibitor could completely inhibit the germination capacity of celery seed, indicating that gibberellin is indispensable in the process of celery seed germination. Compared with dark, light also increased the activity of α-amylase and ß-amylase and the expression of related coding genes and promoted the degradation of starch and the increase of soluble sugar content, suggesting that light enhanced the sugar metabolism of celery seed. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that many genes related to endosperm weakening (cell wall remodeling enzymes, extension proteins) were up-regulated under light. It was also found that light promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the radicle, which promoted the endosperm weakening process of celery seed. Our results thus indicated that light signal may promote the release of morphological dormancy through the simultaneous action of multiple factors.


Assuntos
Apium , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Endosperma/genética , Endosperma/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Germinação , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Giberelinas/farmacologia , Dormência de Plantas/genética , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismo , Açúcares/metabolismo
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(16)2022 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36012264

RESUMO

Celery (Apium graveolens L.), a plant from Apiaceae, is one of the most important vegetables and is grown worldwide. Carotenoids can capture light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll, which plays a central role in photosynthesis. Here, by performing transcriptomics and genomics analysis, we identified and conducted a comprehensive analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes in celery and six representative species. Significantly, different contents and gene expression patterns were found among three celery varieties. In total, 237 and 290 chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in seven species. No notable gene expansion of chlorophyll biosynthesis was detected in examined species. However, the gene encoding ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS) enzyme in carotenoid was expanded in celery. Comparative genomics and RNA-seq analyses revealed 16 and 5 key genes, respectively, regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid. An intriguing finding is that chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were coordinately regulated by transcriptional factors, which could be distinctively classified into positive- and negative-regulation groups. Six CONSTANS (CO)-like transcription factors co-regulated chlorophyll and carotenoid-related genes were identified in celery. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid by transcription factors.


Assuntos
Apium , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genômica , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Verduras/metabolismo
7.
BMC Genomics ; 23(1): 568, 2022 Aug 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35941544

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of essential steroid hormones involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes in plants. The Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) transcription factors are key components of BR signaling and integrate a wide range of internal and environmental signals to coordinate plant development, growth, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although the BZR1 family has been fully studied in Arabidopsis, celery BZR1 family genes remain largely unknown. RESULTS: Nine BZR1 genes were identified in the celery genome, and categorized into four classes based on phylogenetic and gene structure analyses. All the BZR1 proteins shared a typical bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) domain that is highly conserved across the whole family in Arabidopsis, grape, lettuce, ginseng, and three Apiaceae species. Both duplications and losses of the BZR1 gene family were detected during the shaping of the celery genome. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication contributed 55.56% of the BZR1 genes expansion, and the γ as well as celery-ω polyploidization events made a considerable contribution to the production of the BZR1 paralogs in celery. Four AgBZR1 members (AgBZR1.1, AgBZR1.3, AgBZR1.5, and AgBZR1.9), which were localized both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, exhibit transcription activation activity in yeast. AgBZR1.5 overexpression transgenic plants in Arabidopsis showed curled leaves with bent, long petioles and constitutive BR-responsive phenotypes. Furthermore, the AgBZR1 genes possessed divergent expression patterns with some overlaps in roots, petioles, and leaves, suggesting an extensive involvement of AgBZR1s in the developmental processes in celery with both functional redundancy and divergence. CONCLUSIONS: Our results not only demonstrated that AgBZR1 played a conserved role in BR signaling but also suggested that AgBZR1 might be extensively involved in plant developmental processes in celery. The findings lay the foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of the AgBZR1s in regulating the agronomic traits and environmental adaptation of celery, and provide insights for future BR-related genetic breeding of celery and other Apiaceae crops.


Assuntos
Apium , Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Apium/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Brassinosteroides/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Filogenia , Triazóis
8.
Sci Total Environ ; 846: 157377, 2022 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35843335

RESUMO

As triclosan is used extensively as an antimicrobial agent, it inevitably enters agroecosystems, when sewage and treated wastewater are applied to agricultural fields. As a result, triclosan can be accumulated into crops and vegetables. Currently, limited information is available on the metabolism of triclosan in vegetables. In this study, the fate of 14C-triclosan in celery under a hydroponic system was investigated in a 30-day laboratory test. Most (97.7 %) of the 14C-triclosan accumulated in celery. The bioconcentration factors of triclosan were up to 3140 L kg-1 at day 30. The concentration of 14C-triclosan in roots (17.8 mg kg-1) was 57- and 127-fold higher than that in stems (0.31 mg kg-1) and leaves (0.14 mg kg-1), respectively, at day 30, suggesting a higher accumulation of triclosan in celery roots and negligible transport to stems and leaves. Moreover, triclosan, as well as its eight metabolites, was detected and identified in celery tissues and the growth medium using 14C-labelling and LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis methods. Phase I metabolites in the growth medium were from hydroxylation, dechlorination, nitration, and nitrosylation. Phase II metabolism was the major pathway in celery tissues. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and sulfate conjugates of triclosan were putatively identified. The results represent an important step toward a better evaluation of the behavior of triclosan in vegetables, with notable implications for environmental and human risk assessments of triclosan.


Assuntos
Apium , Triclosan , Apium/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidroponia , Triclosan/metabolismo , Verduras/metabolismo , Águas Residuárias/análise
9.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ; 23(4): 300-314, 2022 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35403385

RESUMO

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.


Assuntos
Antocianinas , Apium , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Cor , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Humanos , Metabolômica , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
10.
Molecules ; 27(3)2022 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35163963

RESUMO

Medicinal plant extracts are increasingly considered a major source of innovative medications and healthcare products. This study focused on preparing a polyphenol enriched water extract of Egyptian celery "Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae" aerial parts (TAE) in an endeavor to accentuate its antioxidant capacity as well as its antimicrobial activity. (TAE) of celery was partitioned against different organic solvents to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EAC), and butanol (BUOH) fractions. (TAE) and the organic fractions thereof besides the remaining mother liquor (ML) were all screened for their antioxidant capacity using various protocols viz. monitoring the reducing amplitudes for ferric ions (FRAP), and radical scavenging potentials of oxygen (ORAC), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and metal chelation assays. The examination procedure revealed both (TAE) extract and (DCM) fraction, to pertain the highest antioxidant potentials, where the IC50 of the (TAE) using ABTS and metal chelation assays were ca. 34.52 ± 3.25 and 246.6 ± 5.78 µg/mL, respectively. The (DCM) fraction recorded effective results using the FRAP, ORAC, and DPPH assays ca. 233.47 ± 15.14 and 1076 ± 25.73 µM Trolox equivalents/mg sample and an IC50 474.4 ± 19.8 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, both (TAE) and (DCM) fraction exerted antimicrobial activities recording inhibition zones (mm) (13.4 ± 1.5) and (12.0 ± 1.0) against Staphylococcus aureus and (11.0 ± 1.2) and (10.0 ± 1.3) against Escherichia coli, respectively, with no anti-fungal activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (TAE) and (DCM) fraction were 1250 and 2500 µg/mL, respectively. UPLC/ESI/TOF-MS unveiled the chemical profile of both (TAE) and (DCM) fraction to encompass a myriad of active polyphenolic constituents including phenylpropanoids, coumarins, apigenin, luteolin, and chrysoeriol conjugates.


Assuntos
Apium/metabolismo , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apiaceae , Apium/enzimologia , Apium/fisiologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Egito , Flavonoides/análise , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/análise , Picratos/química , Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/análise , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/análise
11.
Plant Cell Rep ; 41(1): 139-151, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34601645

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: Overexpression of AgMYB12 in celery improved the accumulation of apigenin by interacting with the AgFNS gene. Celery is a common vegetable, and its essential characteristic is medicine food homology. A natural flavonoid and a major pharmacological component in celery, apigenin plays an important role in human health. In this study, we isolated a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor that regulates apigenin accumulation from the celery cultivar 'Jinnan Shiqin' through yeast one-hybrid screening and designated it as AgMYB12. The AgMYB12 protein was located in the nucleus. It showed transcriptional activation activity and bound specifically to the promoter of AgFNS, a gene involved in apigenin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that AgMYB12 belongs to the flavonoid branch. It contains two flavonoid-related motifs, SG7 and SG7-2, and shared a highly conserved R2R3 domain with flavonoid-related MYBs. The homologous overexpression of AgMYB12 induced the up-regulation of AgFNS gene expression and accumulation of apigenin and luteolin in celery. Additionally, the expression levels of apigenin biosynthesis-related genes, including AgPAL, AgCHI, AgCHS, Ag4CL, and AgC4H, increased in transgenic celery plants. These results indicated that AgMYB12 acted as a positive regulator of apigenin biosynthesis and activated the expression of AgFNS gene. The current study provides new information about the regulation mechanism of apigenin metabolism in celery and offers a strategy for cultivating the plants with high apigenin content.


Assuntos
Apigenina/biossíntese , Apium/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Apium/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
12.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-929060

RESUMO

Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health. Plants of celery (Apiumgraveolens L.) with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution. However, the composition, content distribution, and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1159 metabolites, including 100 lipids, 72 organic acids and derivatives, 83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and several alkaloids and terpenoids, were quantified in four celery cultivars, each with a different petiole color. There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles, with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery, followed by white celery and green celery. Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll pathways, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery. The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars, yellow celery was rich in carotenoids, and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars. The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites. Among the four celery cultivars, the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery. In addition, HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery. This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antocianinas , Apium/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Cor , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Metabolômica , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(21)2021 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34769457

RESUMO

Numerous varieties of celery are grown in multiple countries to maintain supply, demand and availability for all seasons; thus, there is an expectation for a consistent product in terms of taste, flavour, and overall quality. Differences in climate, agronomy and soil composition will all contribute to inconsistencies. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown in the UK (2018) and Spain (2019). Headspace analysis determined the volatile composition of eight genotypes, followed by assessment of the sensory profile using a trained panel. Significant differences in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed; genotype and geographical location both exerted influences. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile in both locations, making them good candidates to drive breeding programmes aimed at producing varieties that consistently display these distinctive sensory properties. Celery samples harvested in the UK exhibited a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes and phthalides, whereas samples harvested in Spain expressed a higher aldehyde and ketone content. Studying the relationship between growing environment and genotype will provide information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a high-quality crop.


Assuntos
Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Odorantes , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Paladar , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Apium/química , Genótipo , Espanha , Reino Unido
14.
Plant Sci ; 312: 111043, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34620441

RESUMO

ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes regulating carotenoids biosynthesis and accumulation. Celery transgenic efficiency is low and it is difficult to obtain transgenic plants. The study on ZDS was limited in celery. Here, the AgZDS gene was cloned from celery and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and celery to verify its function. The AgZDS has typical characteristic of ZDS protein and is highly conserved in higher plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AgZDS has the closest evolutionary relationship with ZDSs from Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum and Tagetes erecta. Overexpression of AgZDS gene in A. thaliana and celery resulted in increased accumulations of lutein and ß-carotene and up-regulated the expression levels of the genes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis. The contents of lutein and ß-carotene in two lines, AtL1 and AgL5, were the highest in transgenic A. thaliana and celery, respectively. The relative expression levels of 5 genes (AtPDS, AtZISO, AtZEP, AtNCED3, and AtCCD4) were up-regulated compared to the wild type plants. The relative expression levels of most genes in carotenoids biosynthesis pathway, such as AgPDS, AgCRTISO1, and AgZISO, were up-regulated in transgenic celery plants. The antioxidant capacity of A. thaliana and photosynthetic capacity of celery were also enhanced. This research is the first report on the function of structure gene related to carotenoid biosynthesis in transgenic celery plants. The findings in this study demonstrated the roles of AgZDS in regulating carotenoids metabolism of celery, which laid a potential foundation for quality improvement of celery.


Assuntos
Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Luteína/biossíntese , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , beta Caroteno/biossíntese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Luteína/genética , Oxirredutases/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Verduras/genética , beta Caroteno/genética
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(16)2021 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34445290

RESUMO

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important leafy vegetable worldwide. The development of F1 hybrids in celery is highly dependent on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) because emasculation is difficult. In this study, we first report a celery CMS, which was found in a high-generation inbred line population of the Chinese celery "tanzhixiangqin". Comparative analysis, following sequencing and assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences for this celery CMS line and its maintainer line, revealed that there are 21 unique regions in the celery CMS line and these unique regions contain 15 ORFs. Among these ORFs, only orf768a is a chimeric gene, consisting of 1497 bp sequences of the cox1 gene and 810 bp unidentified sequences located in the unique region, and the predicted protein product of orf768a possesses 11 transmembrane domains. In summary, the results of this study indicate that orf768a is likely to be a strong candidate gene for CMS induction in celery. In addition, orf768a can be a co-segregate marker, which can be used to screen CMS in celery.


Assuntos
Apium/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Infertilidade das Plantas/genética , Apium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Apium/metabolismo , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Herança Extracromossômica/genética , Flores/genética , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flores/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas , Estudos de Associação Genética , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Pólen/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
16.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 296(1): 179-192, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33130909

RESUMO

Ethylene response factors (ERFs) widely exist in plants and have been reported to be an important regulator of plant abiotic stress. Celery, a common economic vegetable of Apiaceae, contains lots of ERF transcription factors (TFs) with various functions. AP2/ERF TFs play positive or negative roles in plant growth and stress response. Here, AgERF8, a gene encoding EAR-type AP2/ERF TF, was identified. The AgERF8 mRNA accumulated in response to both abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and salt treatment. AgERF8 was proving to be a nucleus-located protein and could bind to GCC-box. The overexpression of AgERF8 in Arabidopsis repressed the transcription of downstream genes, AtBGL and AtBCH. Arabidopsis overexpressing AgERF8 gene showed inhibited root growth under ABA and NaCl treatments. AgERF8 transgenic lines showed low tolerance to ABA and salt stress than wild-type plants. Low increment in SOD and POD activities, increased accumulation of MDA, and significantly decreased plant fresh weights and chlorophyll levels were detected in AgERF8 hosting lines after treated with ABA and NaCl. Furthermore, the overexpression of AgERF8 also inhibited the levels of ascorbic acid and antioxidant-related genes (AtCAT1, AtSOD1, AtPOD, AtSOS1, AtAPX1, and AtP5CS1) expression in transgenic Arabidopsis. This finding indicated that AgERF8 negatively affected the resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to ABA and salt stress through regulating downstream genes expression and relevant physiological changes. It will provide a potential sight to further understand the functions of ERF TFs in celery.


Assuntos
Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Apium/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Apium/genética , Apium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Apium/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , Secas , Etilenos/metabolismo , Etilenos/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Transdução de Sinais , Cloreto de Sódio/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
17.
J Med Chem ; 63(21): 12485-12510, 2020 11 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32672958

RESUMO

3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) as well as its derivatives and analogues (NBPs), in racemic or enantiomerically pure forms, possess potent and diverse pharmacological properties and have shown a great potential therapeutic interest for many human conditions, especially for cerebral ischemia. This Perspective outlines the synthesis and therapeutic applications of NBPs.


Assuntos
Apium/química , Benzofuranos/química , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apium/metabolismo , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/patologia , Benzofuranos/síntese química , Benzofuranos/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Humanos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/síntese química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia
18.
Food Chem ; 332: 127424, 2020 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32619947

RESUMO

Celery (Apium graveolens L. var dulce) is a widely cultivated vegetable which is popularly consumed due to its nutrient content and contains bioactive metabolites with positive effects on human physiology. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analyses was used to distinguish celery stem and leaf samples from different geographical origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to investigate the differences between celery extracts from three geographical origins: Australia, Taiwan and China. Sugars, amino acids and organic acids were found to contribute significantly to the differentiation between origins, with mannitol identified as an important discriminating metabolite. It was demonstrated that NMR-based metabolomics is an effective approach for establishing reliable metabolomic fingerprints and profiles, enabling the identification of metabolite biomarkers for the possible discrimination of geographical origin.


Assuntos
Apium/química , Metabolômica/métodos , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Aminoácidos/análise , Apium/metabolismo , Austrália , China , Análise Discriminante , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Manitol/análise , Manitol/metabolismo , Análise Multivariada , Folhas de Planta/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Verduras/química , Verduras/metabolismo
19.
Plant Sci ; 296: 110469, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32539999

RESUMO

Rapid and low-cost methods of detecting mutations and polymorphisms are crucial for genotyping applications including mutagenesis and gene editing. S1 family endonucleases such as T7E1, EndoV and CELI can potentially be used in enzymatic mismatch detection. Among them, CELI has been shown to be effective in detecting mutations in Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). However, current method of CELI purification from celery is laborious, and challenging for many non-biochemical laboratories, and the presence of post-translational modifications hinders efficient production of the enzyme in E. coli. Here, we report an efficient system for bulk production of enzymatically active CELI endonuclease through transient expression in a model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. We also optimized the reaction buffer, by additions of Mn2+ and DTT, with enhanced mismatch cleavage activity. Using the new CELI production and reaction system, we were able to routinely detect mismatches in 1/32 mixed mutant and wildtype DNA samples. We believe the newly established system has many applications in characterization of mutations occurred in natural variations, mutagenized populations and gene editing.


Assuntos
Endonucleases/metabolismo , Edição de Genes , Mutação , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Apium/enzimologia , Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteínas Recombinantes , Nicotiana/enzimologia , Nicotiana/genética
20.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 531, 2020 01 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31953487

RESUMO

Apigenin is one of the primary flavonoids in celery, which has a high medicinal value. Flavone synthase I (FNSI) is the last step enzyme in apigenin biosynthesis. In this study, the 1492 bp promoter sequence before AgFNSI initiation codon (ATG) of celery was obtained, which included methyl jasmonate (MeJA) responsive elements, light responsive elements, anaerobic induction elements and five MYB binding sites. AgFNSI was sensitive to temperature, UV-B, water deficit and MeJA. Comparative analysis of AgFNSI genome and promoter sequences among celery accessions with different apigenin content showed that there were four allelic variations in AgFNSI, and four accessions with high apigenin content belonged to AgFNSIa, and five accessions with low apigenin content belonged to AgFNSIc. Three pairs of dominant complementary markers were designed based on the single-nucleotile polymorphisms (SNPs) of the AgFNSIa and AgFNSIc genomes and promoter sequences. Three pairs of functional markers were validated by 112 celery accessions. The results showed that AFPA1/AFPB1 detected significant differences in apigenin content between different genotypes. Therefore, marker AFPA1/AFPB1 is associated with apigenin content in celery and could be used for the genetic improvement of apigenin content in celery.


Assuntos
Apium/genética , Apium/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Oxigenases de Função Mista/genética , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Apium/fisiologia , Clonagem Molecular , Hormônios Placentários/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Estresse Fisiológico
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