Transradial access for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using the Woven EndoBridge device: A systematic review and pooled analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is a minimally invasive endovascular treatment option for patients with cerebral aneurysms. Transradial access (TRA) is a technique that involves accessing the arterial system through the radial artery in the wrist rather than the femoral artery in the groin. Several studies have investigated the use of TRA for WEB device deployment in treating intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the TRA for WEB device deployment in treating intracranial aneurysms. The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. To reduce the risk of bias, this systematic review only included studies reporting on using TRA in WEB device deployment for intracranial aneurysm treatment with a minimum of four patients. RESULTS: In this systematic review, 186 patients were included across five studies, with TRA used in 183 cases analyzed. The study population had a higher proportion of females (n = 118%-69%) than males, with a mean age of 62 years old. Among the aneurysms treated, 46 were ruptured, and 119 were located at bifurcation sites, with a mean maximum diameter/width of 6.6 mm and mean height of 5.9 mm. Adjunctive coiling was used in three cases, and adjunctive stenting was used in nine cases. In two cases, conversion to a femoral artery access was necessary. CONCLUSION: The available results suggest TRA with the WEB device is a safe and effective alternative. However, using TRA versus TFA should be individualized based on patient factors and operator experience.

Transradial access for pediatric teenage neurointervention: A single-center case series.

Transradial access is widely used in cardiological adult interventions and less in pediatrics. In recent years, this access has become more popular in the neuroradiological community in adult patients since it has fewer complications and is more comfortable for the patient after the procedure. We present a single-center case series of 52 transradial access neurointerventions (43 angiographies and 9 therapeutic procedures) in pediatric patients, with a failure of 4 cases (7.7%) in which we could not puncture the artery, crossing over to transfemoral access. Since in five cases we did angiography followed by therapeutic intervention, thus doing only one puncture access for both procedures, then our access failure rate was 10.6%. The 34 successful transradial access solely angiographies had a median radiation exposure of 887 mGy (interquartile range 628-1352), median fluoroscopy time of 9.5 min (interquartile range 7.5-15.3), and median procedure time of 28 min (interquartile range 24-33 min) Therapeutic procedure diagnosis were: one ruptured saccular aneurysm, two juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, and five arteriovenous malformations. The transradial access neurointerventions for pediatric population older than 11 years is safe and feasible, having previous experience in adults. Younger population should be considered on a case-to-case basis, depending on ultrasound measurement of the arterial diameter and the materials available.

Traumatic injury of radial and ulnar artery with perfusion of the hand through the median artery: a case report.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A young male patient with a complete section of the ulnar and radial arteries preserved the perfusion of the hand through an anatomical variant, the median artery, identified by angiotomography. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A wound in the distal third of the left forearm with present pulses and adequate hand coloration. An angiotomography of the upper left limb showed a median artery originating as a continuation of the anterior interosseous artery and ending in the palm of the hand with an incomplete superficial palmar arch. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: Ligation of both radial and ulnar arteries was performed. It was not possible to follow up the patient. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Forming the superficial and deep palmar arches, the irrigation of hand comes from the ulnar and radial arteries, which can compromise the viability of the limb when injured. The median artery is present in 0.6-21.1% of the population, originates from the anterior interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar), accompanies the median nerve in its path and ends in the palm joining the superficial palmar arch. Diagnostic imaging is a key tool for assessing arterial circulation and characterizing upper limb vascular lesions. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the hand, including variability of the superficial palmar arch, is crucial for the safety and success of hand surgeries.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: Un paciente joven de sexo masculino con sección completa de las arterias cubital y radial conservó la perfusión de la mano a través de una variante anatómica, la arteria mediana, identificada por angiotomografía. HALLAZGOS CLÍNICOS: Herida en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo con pulsos presentes y coloración adecuada de la mano. Una angiotomografía del miembro superior izquierdo mostró una arteria mediana que se originaba como continuación de la arteria interósea anterior y terminaba en la palma de la mano con un arco palmar superficial incompleto. TRATAMIENTO Y RESULTADOS: Se realizó la ligadura de las arterias radial y cubital. No fue posible realizar un seguimiento del paciente. RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: La irrigación de la mano proviene de las arterias cubital y radial, que forman los arcos palmar superficial y profundo, comprometiendo la viabilidad de la extremidad cuando se lesionan. La arteria mediana está presente en el 0.6-21.1% de la población, se origina en la arteria interósea anterior (rama del cubital), acompaña al nervio mediano en su recorrido y termina en la palma uniéndose al arco palmar superficial. El diagnóstico por imagen es una herramienta clave para evaluar la circulación arterial y caracterizar las lesiones vasculares del miembro superior. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas de la irrigación arterial de la mano, incluida la variabilidad del arco palmar superficial, es de importancia crucial para la seguridad y el éxito de las cirugías de la mano.

Remodeling of ipsilateral ulnar artery after radial artery harvesting for coronary artery bypass graft.

There are controversies in the literature on the blood supply to the forearm after surgical removal of the radial artery in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective was to investigate the arterial remodeling of the ulnar artery after the removal of the radial artery in myocardial revascularization by means of ultrasound examination with color Doppler in the pre- and post-operative periods. This paper describes an observational prospective study of the remodeling of the left brachial and ulnar arteries (donor arm) in 103 right-handed non-consecutive adult patients undergoing CABG with removal of the ipsilateral radial artery using the color Doppler ultrasound examination. In the ulnar artery, a significant increase (P < 0.05) was seen in the following measurements: lumen diameter by 13%, lumen area by 26%, peak systolic flow by 40%, and average flow by 46%. Intima-media thickness measured in the ulnar artery did not show a statistically significant difference (P = 0.22), except in diabetic patients (P = 0.007). We conclude that the ulnar artery undergoes positive physiological remodeling, adapting to the new requirements of chronic increase in flow after the ipsilateral removal of the radial artery to serve as a graft in CABG. There was no evidence of increased intima-media thickness, except in diabetic patients.

Vascular Closure Devices Attenuate Femoral Access Complications of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

OBJECTIVES: To compare severe complications related to radial access and those related to femoral access using vascular closure devices for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Femoral artery access is still used for acute myocardial infarction management; studies comparing state-of-the-art radial and femoral techniques are required to minimize bias regarding the outcomes associated with operator preferences. METHODS: We performed a randomized study comparing radial access with a compression device and anatomic landmark-guided femoral access with a hemostatic vascular closure device. The severe complication rates related to the access site were assessed until hospital discharge. A meta- analysis including studies with comparable populations reporting severe bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular event rates was performed. RESULTS: A total of 250 patients were included who underwent PCI between January 2016 and February 2019. Mean age was 61.5 ± 12.2 years, 73.2% were men, and 28.4% had diabetes. There were no differences between groups or in vascular access-related severe complication rates (8.0% for femoral group vs 5.6% for radial group; P=.45). Although radial access was associated with decreased vascular complications related to the access site when compared with the femoral approach (relative risk [RR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.95), the meta-analysis did not show an impact on severe bleeding (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.37-1.46) or severe cardiovascular adverse events (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.30-1.58). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with femoral artery puncture techniques and routine use of a vascular closure device promoted low severe complication rates.

Safety of ultrasound-guided distal radial artery access for abdominopelvic transarterial interventions: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate ultrasound-guided distal radial artery (DRA) access to perform abdominopelvic endovascular procedures. METHODS: A prospective, observational study was carried out in a single center between December 2017 and February 2019. Forty-two abdominopelvic endovascular procedures were performed by the same operator in 37 patients with DRA access using a 5 F sheath. Most patients were male (67.6%) with a mean age of 62.0±11.4 years (age range, 27.6-82.8 years). Patient characteristics, including Barbeau's test classification, radial and ulnar sizes and technical success, were evaluated. Patients with a DRA smaller than 1.7 mm could not be safely punctured and were not included. RESULTS: Procedures included chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma in 35 cases (83.3%), embolization of hepatic metastasis in neuroendocrine tumors in 4 cases (9.5%) and other embolization procedures in 3 cases (7.1%). The mean diameters of the DRA, proximal radial artery and proximal ulnar artery were 2.31, 2.63, and 2.09 mm, respectively. Out of 42 DRA puncture attempts, 97.6% (41/42) were successfully performed. There were no postoperative complications related to the access site, such as pain, palsy, paresthesia, occlusion, finger ischemia, bleeding, hematoma, and pseudoaneurysm. Transient forearm discomfort was reported in 7.1% of patients (3/42); one occurrence was associated with kinking rectification, and two occurrences were attributed to small arteries and/or vasospasm. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided DRA access seems to be feasible and safe to perform in abdominopelvic endovascular procedures in patients with a DRA considered amenable to be safely punctured, with high technical success rates.

Comparison of sharp dissection, electrocautery, and ultrasonic activated scalpel with regard to endothelial damage, preparation time, and postoperative bleeding during radial artery harvesting

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of classical technique, electrocautery, and ultrasonic dissection on endothelial integrity, function, and preparation time for harvesting the radial artery (RA) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Forty-five patients who underwent isolated CABG and whose RA was suitable for use were studied and divided into three groups: Group 1, classical method (using sharp dissection); Group 2, electrocautery; and Group 3, ultrasonic cautery. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were examined biochemically; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) values were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. RA preparation time, RA length/harvesting time ratio, and drainage amounts at the site of RA removal were compared. Results: Differences in RA preparation time (Group 1: 25±6 min, Group 2: 18±3 min, Group 3: 16±3 min, P<0.001) and length/harvesting time ratio (Group 1: 0.76±0.19 cm/min, Group 2: 0.98±0.16 cm/min, Group 3: 1.13±0.09 cm/min, P<0.001) were statistically significant among the groups. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were not statistically significant different, VCAM-1 and eNOS expressions were observed to be similar among the groups, and endothelial damage was detected in only one patient per group. Conclusion: Use of ultrasonic cautery during RA preparation considerably reduces the preparation time and postoperative drainage amount. However, the superiority of one method over the others could not be demonstrated when the presence of endothelial damage with both biochemical and histopathological evaluations was considered.

Comparison of Sharp Dissection, Electrocautery, and Ultrasonic Activated Scalpel with Regard to Endothelial Damage, Preparation Time, and Postoperative Bleeding During Radial Artery Harvesting.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of classical technique, electrocautery, and ultrasonic dissection on endothelial integrity, function, and preparation time for harvesting the radial artery (RA) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent isolated CABG and whose RA was suitable for use were studied and divided into three groups: Group 1, classical method (using sharp dissection); Group 2, electrocautery; and Group 3, ultrasonic cautery. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were examined biochemically; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) values were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. RA preparation time, RA length/harvesting time ratio, and drainage amounts at the site of RA removal were compared. RESULTS: Differences in RA preparation time (Group 1: 25±6 min, Group 2: 18±3 min, Group 3: 16±3 min, P<0.001) and length/harvesting time ratio (Group 1: 0.76±0.19 cm/min, Group 2: 0.98±0.16 cm/min, Group 3: 1.13±0.09 cm/min, P<0.001) were statistically significant among the groups. Levels of prostacyclin and nitric oxide derivatives were not statistically significant different, VCAM-1 and eNOS expressions were observed to be similar among the groups, and endothelial damage was detected in only one patient per group. CONCLUSION: Use of ultrasonic cautery during RA preparation considerably reduces the preparation time and postoperative drainage amount. However, the superiority of one method over the others could not be demonstrated when the presence of endothelial damage with both biochemical and histopathological evaluations was considered.

Radial Artery Catheterization for Neuroendovascular Procedures.

Background and Purpose- Radial artery catheterization is an alternate route of access that has started to gain more widespread use for neuroendovascular procedures, and there have been few studies that describe its safety and efficacy. We present our institution's experience in performing neuroendovascular interventions via a transradial approach, with excellent clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction measures. Methods- We conducted a retrospective analysis and identified 223 patients who underwent 233 consecutive neuroendovascular interventions via radial artery access at our institution. The incidence of perioperative and postprocedural complications was investigated. We identified a subset of 98 patients who have undergone both transradial and transfemoral cerebral angiograms and compared clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction measures between the 2 groups. Results- The overall incidence of complications was low across all procedures performed via transradial access. Peri-procedurally, only 2 patients had symptomatic radial artery spasm, and there were no instances of iatrogenic complications (vessel dissection, stroke, and hemorrhage). In 10 cases (4.3%), the intended procedure could not be completed via a transradial approach, and, thus, femoral artery access had to be pursued instead. Ten patients complained of minor postprocedural complications, although none required therapeutic intervention. The mean procedure time was shorter for diagnostic angiograms performed via transradial versus transfemoral access (18.8±15.8 versus 39.5±31.1 minutes; P=0.025). Patients overall reported shorter recovery times with transradial access, and the majority of patients (94%) would elect to have subsequent procedures performed via this route. Conclusions- Radial artery catheterization is a safe and durable alternative to perform a wide range of neuroendovascular procedures, with a low rate of complications. On the whole, patients prefer transradial compared with transfemoral access.

Efficacy and Safety of "Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Angiography" with Right Transradial Access versus Left Transradial Access and Femoral Access: a Retrospective Comparative Study.

OBJECTIVE: Over the past 10 years, the rate of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has increased twofold in cases of coronary angiography. Today, transradial access is the first choice for coronary angiography. We aimed to compare the efficacy and reliability of radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography in post-CABG surgery in this study. METHODS: Data from 442 patients who underwent post-CABG surgery between 2012-2017 were retrospectively compared. The right radial route was used in 120 cases, the left radial route in 148, and femoral route in 174. These three pathways were compared in terms of procedure time and fluoroscopy time, efficacy, and complication development. Comparisons among the three groups were performed with Bonferroni test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test for nominal variables as a binary. RESULTS: Comparison results indicate that femoral access was better than left radial access and the left radial access was better than right radial access in terms of fluoroscopy time (10.71±1.65, 10.94±1.25, 16.12±5.28 min, P<0.001) and total procedure time (17.28±1.68, 17.68±2.34, 23.04±5.84 min, P<0.001). The left radial pathway was the most effective way of viewing left internal mammary artery (LIMA). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in other graft visualizations, all minor complications, total procedure and fluoroscopy time "Except LIMA imaging". Mortality due to processing was not observed in all three groups. CONCLUSION: The left radial route is preferred over right radial access for post-CABG angiography because the left radial pathway is close to the LIMA and is similar to the femoral pathway. In LIMA graft imaging, right radial access is a reliable route, even though it is not as effective as other pathways. We hope that the right radial pathway will improve with physician experience and innovations.

Efficacy and safety of "coronary artery bypass graft angiography" with right transradial access versus left transradial access and femoral access: a retrospective comparative study

Abstract Objective: Over the past 10 years, the rate of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has increased twofold in cases of coronary angiography. Today, transradial access is the first choice for coronary angiography. We aimed to compare the efficacy and reliability of radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography in post-CABG surgery in this study. Methods: Data from 442 patients who underwent post-CABG surgery between 2012-2017 were retrospectively compared. The right radial route was used in 120 cases, the left radial route in 148, and femoral route in 174. These three pathways were compared in terms of procedure time and fluoroscopy time, efficacy, and complication development. Comparisons among the three groups were performed with Bonferroni test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test for nominal variables as a binary. Results: Comparison results indicate that femoral access was better than left radial access and the left radial access was better than right radial access in terms of fluoroscopy time (10.71±1.65, 10.94±1.25, 16.12±5.28 min, P<0.001) and total procedure time (17.28±1.68, 17.68±2.34, 23.04±5.84 min, P<0.001). The left radial pathway was the most effective way of viewing left internal mammary artery (LIMA). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in other graft visualizations, all minor complications, total procedure and fluoroscopy time "Except LIMA imaging". Mortality due to processing was not observed in all three groups. Conclusion: The left radial route is preferred over right radial access for post-CABG angiography because the left radial pathway is close to the LIMA and is similar to the femoral pathway. In LIMA graft imaging, right radial access is a reliable route, even though it is not as effective as other pathways. We hope that the right radial pathway will improve with physician experience and innovations.

Does blood flow restriction training increase the diameter of forearm vessels in chronic kidney disease patients? A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION:: Blood flow restriction training can be used as an alternative to conventional exercise in chronic kidney disease patients with indication of arteriovenous fistula. OBJECTIVE:: Evaluating the efficacy of blood flow restriction training in the diameter and distensibility change of the cephalic vein and the diameter and flow of the radial artery, muscle strength and forearm circumference in chronic kidney disease patients with arteriovenous fistula pre-creation. METHODS:: A blind randomized clinical trial consisting of 26 chronic kidney disease patients allocated into a blood flow restriction training group (blood flow restriction; n = 12) and a group without blood flow restriction training (control group; n = 14). Blood flow restriction was performed at 50% of systolic blood pressure and using 40% of handgrip strength as load for the isometric exercises in both groups. RESULTS:: An increase in the diameter of the cephalic vein in the 2 cm (p = 0.008) and 10 cm segments (p = 0.001) was observed in the control group. The diameter of the radial artery increased in all segments in the blood flow restriction group (2, 10 and 20 cm; p = 0.005, p = 0.021 and p = 0.018, respectively) and in the 10 and 20 cm segments (p = 0.017 and p = 0.026) in the control group. Handgrip strength only increased in the control group (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION:: Physical training associated with blood flow restriction increased cephalic vein diameters in both groups and was effective in increasing the diameter of the radial artery; however, it did not demonstrate superiority over the exercise group protocol without blood flow restriction.

Doença cística adventicial da artéria radial / Adventitial cystic disease of the radial artery

A doença cística adventicial (DCA) da artéria radial é uma condição rara, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 62 anos, branco, diabético, hipertenso, com insuficiência renal crônica e indicação para terapia substitutiva renal, em quem foi encontrada uma lesão cística da artéria radial durante operação para confecção de fistula arteriovenosa para hemodiálise. Após a dissecção da artéria radial, ficou evidenciado um importante envolvimento do vaso por uma formação cística. A técnica cirúrgica adotada foi a ressecção do segmento cístico comprometido e preservação da artéria radial. A confecção da fistula arteriovenosa foi realizada com sucesso. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado da DCA mostram se eficientes e podem prevenir complicações e recidivas

Adventitial cystic disease (ACD) of the radial artery is a rare condition, with few cases described in the literature. We report the case of a 62-year-old white male with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease with indications for renal replacement therapy who was found to have a cystic lesion of the radial artery while undergoing surgical creation of an arteriovenous fistula. The surgical technique adopted was resection of the cystic segment and preservation of the radial artery. Fistula creation was completed successfully. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ACD are effective, and can prevent complications and recurrence.

Seguimento de 12 Meses de Pacientes Submetidos à Estratégia Intervencionista Precoce pelo Acesso Radial ou Femoral com Dispositivo de Oclusão Vascular / 12-Month Clinical Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Early Invasive Strategy by the Transradial or Transfemoral Approach with Vascular Closure Device

Fundamento: A técnica radial reduz a prevalência de complicações vasculares, sangramento grave e mortalidade quando cotejada à técnica femoral. Entretanto, esta ainda predomina como via de acesso preferencial para a efetivação de procedimentos coronários invasivos, requerendo a adoção de estratégias capazes de minimizar intercorrências. Objetivos: Comparar a sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses de pacientes submetidos à estratégia intervencionista precoce pelo acesso radial ou femoral com dispositivo de oclusão vascular. Métodos: Estudo randomizado de não inferioridade envolvendo 240 pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnível do segmento ST. A função de sobrevivência livre de morte, infarto agudo do miocárdio ou acidente vascular encefálico foi estimada pelo modelo de Kaplan-Meier e comparada utilizando-se o teste de log rank. Resultados: A taxa de complicações vasculares no sítio de punção arterial aos 30 dias foi de 12,5% no grupo Angio-Seal e de 13,3% no grupo radial (p = 1,000). A incidência de sangramento grave ou transfusão sanguínea aos 12 meses também não diferiu entre os grupos (2,5% versus 1,7%, p = 1,000). Não se observou diferença quanto à curva de sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves (90,8% versus 94,2%, p = 0,328). Conclusões: Não houve distinção entre as técnicas na sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses de seguimento. Ensaios clínicos com maior poder estatístico são necessários para a validação desses achados

Background: The radial approach reduces the prevalence of vascular complications, major bleeding and mortality when compared to the femoral approach. However, the last still prevails as the preferred approach for the performance of invasive coronary procedures, requiring the adoption of strategies to minimize complications. Objectives: To compare the survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months in patients undergoing early intervention strategy by the radial or femoral access with vascular closure device. Methods: Randomized non inferiority trial involving 240 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients. The survival free of death, myocardial infarction or stroke was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log rank test. Results: The 30-day rate of vascular complications in the arterial puncture site was 12.5% in the Angio-Seal group and 13.3% in the radial group (p = 1.000). The 12-month incidence of major bleeding or blood transfusion did not differ between groups (2.5% vs. 1.7%, p = 1.000). There was no difference in survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events (90.8% versus 94.2%, p = 0.328). Conclusions: There was no distinction between the techniques in survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months of followup. Clinical trials with greater statistical power are needed to validate these findings

Impacto del sacrificio de la arteria radial en la perfusión de la mano / Impact of radial artery sacrifice in hand perfusion

Introducción: El ortopedista se enfrenta a situaciones donde impera el sacrificio de la arteria radial, ya sea en el uso del árbol arterial radial como donante de tejido vascularizado o en situaciones donde la arteria radial es lesionada. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los cambios morfológicos y funcionales en la circulación de la mano luego del sacrificio de la arteria radial. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal sobre la base de una revisión de historias clínicas de 41 pacientes de ambos sexos, sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica a quienes se les resecó la arteria radial para ser utilizada como injerto. Los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante ecografía bidimensional y Doppler comparativa de ambos antebrazos, oximetría de pulso del dedo índice de ambas manos en reposo y estrés por ejercicio, y centellografía de ambos miembros superiores en reposo y estrés. Se constataron los síntomas y signos subjetivos de intolerancia al frío y en situación de estrés luego del ejercicio. Los resultados fueron valorados estadísticamente. Resultados: Solo dos pacientes (4,8%) tuvieron síntomas de claudicación de la mano operada durante actividades intensas. La valoración comparativa de ambas manos por oximetría de pulso y de perfusión por centellografía no arrojó diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa en la medición ecográfica del diámetro de ambas arterias cubitales. Conclusión: La perfusión de la mano luego del sacrificio de la arteria radial no se ve comprometida. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Orthopedists face situations in which the radial artery is sacrificed, either for its use as donor of vascularized tissue for coverage of soft tissue defects or in situations where the radial artery is injured. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and/or functional changes in hand circulation after the radial artery is sacrificed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the review of medical records of 41 patients of both sexes who underwent cardiac revascularization surgery in which a radial artery graft was used. Patients were evaluated using twodimensional and Doppler ultrasound comparing both forearms, index finger pulse oximetry of both hands at rest and after stress, and scintigraphy of both upper limbs at rest and after stress. Statistical evaluation was performed. Results: Only two patients (4.8%) had symptoms of hand claudication during intense activities. Comparative assessment of both hands by pulse oximetry and perfusion scintigraphy yielded no statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference in ultrasound measurement of the diameter of both ulnar arteries. Conclusion: Perfusion of the hand after the sacrifice of the radial artery is not compromised. Level of Evidence: IV

The Radial Artery's Sacrifice in the Chinese Flap Is Not Deleterious to Patients.

Background: A widely discussed subject, albeit with few associated studies and publications, centers on whether sacrifice of the radial artery to perform the radial forearm flap (RFF) is deleterious to the patient. The objective of this study was to assess, by questionnaire, the complications reported at the donor site, particularly those related to sacrifice of the radial artery. Methods: During the 2014 Symposium of the Brazilian Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, surgeons were asked to answer a questionnaire on RFF cases and complications. Results: Results were collected from hand and plastic surgeons. Regarding the opinion of respondents on the deleteriousness of sacrificing the radial artery, most answered negatively, that is, no deleterious effects reported. No statistically significant difference was found between the level of experience and opinion on whether sacrificing the radial artery was deleterious. Conclusions: Beyond performing some procedures and following evolution within a specific service, it was decided to broaden the range of opinions and enlarge the casuistic by assessing the opinions of many specialists from the fields of hand surgery and plastic surgery. Data collected using the questionnaire were compared to determine the sequelae at the donor site and particularly whether sacrifice of the radial artery in RFF was deleterious to the patient. Although complaints at the donor site were frequently cited, no objective reports on morbidity following the sacrifice of the radial artery in RFF were provided.

Transradial Versus Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting: A 16-Year Single-Center Experience.

AIMS: Limited data exist on radial access in carotid artery stenting (CAS). This single-center study was performed to compare the outcome and complication rates of transradial (TR) and transfemoral (TF) CAS. METHODS AND RESULTS: The clinical and angiographic data of 775 consecutive patients with high risk for carotid endarterectomy, treated between 1999 and 2016 by CAS with cerebral protection, were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to vascular access: TR (n = 101; 13%) and TF (n = 674). Primary combined end-point: in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events. Secondary end-points: angiographic outcome of the procedure and crossover rate to another puncture site. Angiographic success was achieved in all 775 patients, the crossover rate was 4.9% in the TR and 0% in the TF group (P < 0.05). TR was performed at the right side in 97% of cases. The incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events was 2% in the TR and 3.6% in the TF group (P = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The TR approach for CAS is safe and efficacious, with acceptable cross-over rate. In both groups, vascular complications rarely occurred.

Estratégia invasiva nas síndromes coronarianas agudas sem supradesnivelamento do segmento st / Invasive strategy in acute coronary syndrome without st segment elevation

As doenças cardiovasculares representam uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo ocidental. Neste cenário, as síndromes coronarianas agudas respondempela grande maioria dos eventos fatais. Em pacientes acometidos por síndrome coronariana sem supra-desnivelamento do segmento ST a estratificação invasiva (cinecoronariografia) ocupa papel central na tomada de conduta terapêutica, tendo como méritos: 1) determinara presença de doença arterial coronária obstrutiva, confirmando o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de SCA; 2) identificar a lesão “culpada” ou responsável pelo quadro clínicoapresentado; 3) fornecer informações prognósticas a respeito da ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares como óbito e infarto, intimamente relacionados à severidade e extensão da doença coronária, à função ventricular esquerda e à presença de condições associadas(como valvopatias); 4) e estabelecer a necessidade e o tipo de revascularizaçãomiocárdica a ser empregado, seja percutânea ou cirúrgica. O momento ideal de realizar a estratificação invasiva varia de acordo com a estratificação de risco do paciente avaliado, devendo em geral ser realizada em até 72h. Estratégias muito precoces (<2h) ou precoces (<24h) são plausíveis em cenários de mais alto risco clínico...

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the western world. In this scenario, acute coronary syndromes represent the vast majority of fatal events. In patients affected by coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation,the invasive strategy (cinecoronariography) plays a central role in the choice of therapeuticconduct, as it has several merits: 1) determining the presence of obstructive coronary arterial disease, confirming the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of ACS; 2) identifying the lesion responsible for the clinical symptoms presented; 3) providing prognostic information on the occurrence of cardiovascular events with such as death or stroke, which are closely related to the severity and extent of the coronary disease, the left ventricle function, and the presence of associated conditions (such as valve disease); and 4) establishing the need for and type of myocardial revascularization to be used, whether percutaneous or surgical. The ideal moment to conduct invasive stratification varies, depending on therisk level of the patient being evaluated, but in general, it should be performed within 72 hours. Very early strategies (< 2 hours) or early strategies (< 24 hours) are plausible in scenarios of greater clinical risk...

Comparação do curativo compressivo vs. pulseira hemostática após cateterização por via radial / Comparison of conventional compressive dressings vs. wristband devices after catheterization by radial approach

Introdução: Dispositivos dedicados à compressão do sítio de punção radial adicionam custo ao procedimento e não foram adequadamente comparados aos curativos compressivos. Avaliamos a efetividade e a segurança de ambas as formas de hemostasia em pacientes submetidos à cinecoronariografia e/ou intervenção coronária percutânea na prática diária. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico e não randomizado, que incluiu pacientes consecutivamente submetidos a procedimentos por via radial. A modalidade de compressão ficou a critério do operador e da disponibilidade das pulseiras hemostáticas. O objetivo primário foi a comparação da patência da artéria radial no sétimo dia pós-procedimento, aferida por meio do Doppler. Secundariamente, avaliamos a ocorrência de hemorragia/hematoma no sítio de punção durante a compressão, após a retirada do dispositivo e no sétimo dia pós-procedimento. Resultados: Foram avaliados 528 pacientes, 416 que usaram o curativo compressivo e 112 que usaram a pulseira hemostática. Na fase da retirada do introdutor e logo após sua remoção, notou-se uma incidência maior de sangramento no grupo curativo compressivo (13,4% vs. 0%; p < 0,001). Todos os sangramentos foram pequenos (tipo I ou II) e não necessitaram medidas adicionais. Aos 7 dias, observou-se apenas formação de pequenos hematomas no sítio da punção em 7,1% dos casos que utilizaram a pulseira de compressão. Não houve diferença nas taxas de patência da artéria radial (3,8% vs. 7,1%; p = 0,20). Conclusões: O uso de pulseira dedicada à hemostasia da artéria radial não resultou em maiores taxas de patência arterial tardia quando comparada ao curativo compressivo simples

Background: Wristband devices used in the compression of the radial puncture site add cost to the procedure and have not been adequately compared with conventional compressive dressings. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of both forms of hemostasis in patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention in daily practice. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study, which included consecutive patients who underwent procedures through radial access. The type of compression was at the interventionist's discretion and the availability of wristband devices. The main objective was to compare the patency of the radial artery on the 7th day after the procedure, measured by Doppler. Secondarily, the authors evaluated the occurrence of bleeding/hematoma at the puncture site during compression, after removal of the device and on the 7th day after the procedure. Results: This study evaluated 528 patients, 416 using conventional compressive dressings and 112 using wristband devices. When the sheath was removed and soon after its removal, a higher incidence of bleeding in the conventional compressive dressings group was observed (13.4% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). All bleeding events were small (type I or type II) and did not require further actions. At 7 days, there were only small hematomas at the puncture site in 7.1% of cases that used the wristband device. There was no difference in the patency rates of the radial artery (3.8% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.20). Conclusions: The use of wristband devices for radial artery hemostasis did not result in higher rates of late arterial patency when compared to conventional compressive dressings