RESUMO
Arteriogenesis is a main defense mechanism to prevent heart and local tissues dysfunction in occlusive artery disease. TGF-ß and angiostatin have a pivotal role in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes cardiac and skeletal muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) parallel to upregulation of TGF-ß and downregulation of angiostatin. For this purpose, 4 weeks after LAD occlusion, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) sham surgery without MI (sham, n = 10), (2) control-MI (Con-MI, n = 10), (3) l-arginine-MI (La-MI, n = 10), (4) exercise training-MI (Ex-MI, n = 10), and (5) exercise and l-arginine-MI (Ex + La-MI). Exercise training groups running on a treadmill for 10 weeks with moderate intensity. Rats in the l-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % l-arginine. Arteriolar density with different diameters (11-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-150 µm), TGF-ß, and angiostatin gene expression were measured in cardiac (area at risk) and skeletal (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscles. Smaller arterioles decreased in cardiac after MI. Aerobic training and l-arginine increased the number of cardiac arterioles with 11-25 and 26-50 µm diameters parallel to TGF-ß overexpression. In gastrocnemius muscle, the number of arterioles/mm(2) was only increased in the 11 to 25 µm in response to training with and without l-arginine parallel to angiostatin downregulation. Soleus arteriolar density with different size was not different between experimental groups. Results showed that 10 weeks aerobic exercise training and l-arginine supplementation promotes arteriogenesis of heart and gastrocnemius muscles parallel to overexpression of TGF-ß and downregulation of angiostatin in MI rats.
Assuntos
Arginina/uso terapêutico , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Infarto do Miocárdio/reabilitação , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Indutores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Angiostatinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Angiostatinas/genética , Angiostatinas/metabolismo , Animais , Arteríolas/fisiopatologia , Arteriolosclerose/dietoterapia , Arteriolosclerose/fisiopatologia , Arteriolosclerose/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Coração/fisiopatologia , Membro Posterior , Masculino , Atividade Motora , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/agonistas , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMO
The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the kori-tofu feeding group than in the soy protein isolate (SPI) group, except on the 28th day of the experiment. The high-molecular-weight fraction (HMF) content of the kori-tofu protein was significantly higher than that of SPI. This difference in the HMF content may have influenced the cholesterol-lowering effect of the protein.
