Auto-hemoterapia em orquiectomia de cães / Autohemotherapy in dogs' orchiectomy

A orquiectomia consiste na remoção dos testículos e, em animais, pode ser realizada por motivo eletivo ou terapêutico. A cirurgia eletiva faz parte da guarda responsável de cães e gatos e é um dos procedimentos mais realizados na medicina veterinária, incluindo mutirões de castração onde a redução de custos é importante. A auto-hemoterapia (AHT) vem sendo aplicada em animais, inclusive em acupontos, com o intuito de produzir efeitos imunoestimulantes. Neste contexto, este estudo utilizou AHT, durante o período pós-operatório imediato, em acupontos de cães submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva sem a aplicação de antibióticos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados referentes a outro grupo de animais, os quais foram orquiectomizados e previamente tratados com antibiótico sistêmico. Todos os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente e foram feitos hemogramas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, assim como o registro de infecções e outras intercorrências relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico. Considerando os 20 cães usados no estudo, não houve ocorrência de infecção ou processo inflamatório nos animais após o procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, alterações hematológicas significativas não foram observadas entre os grupos e entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório de ambos os grupos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a auto-hemoterapia associada à acupuntura pode representar uma alternativa para um protocolo cirúrgico sem antibióticos em cirurgia eletiva de orquiectomia em animais hígidos.

The orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles and, in animals, can be performed due to by elective or therapeutic reasons. Elective surgery is part of the responsible ownership of dogs and cats and is one of the most performed procedures in veterinary medicine, including castration efforts where cost reduction is important. Autohemotherapy (AHT) has been applied in animals, including acupoints, to produce immunostimulatory effects. In this context, this study used AHT, during the immediate postoperative period, in acupoints of dogs submitted to elective orchiectomy without the use of antibiotics. The results obtained were compared to data from another group of animals, which were orchiectomized and previously treated with a systemic antibiotic. All animals were clinically monitored and hemograms were performed during the pre and post-operatory period, as well as the registration of infections and other complications related to the surgical procedure. Regarding the 20 dogs used in the study, there was no occurrence of infection or inflammation in the animals after the surgical procedure. In addition, significant hematologic alterations were not observed between groups and between pre- and post-operatory periods in both groups. Therefore, it is concluded that autohemotherapy associated with acupuncture may represent an alternative for a surgical protocol without antibiotics in elective orchiectomy surgery in healthy animals.

Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: clinical indications and techniques / Ozonioterapia na medicina veterinária: técnicas e indicações clínicas

Ozone therapy application and research have increased recently. The mixture of oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of several diseases with beneficial effects. This brief literature review has the objective of disclosing the mechanisms of action and main clinical indications and possibilities of ozone therapy for different conditions. The local and systemic approaches and techniques described for human treatment can be easily transposed for use in animals, such as rectal insufflation; bag therapy; ozonated oil; intradiscal and paravertebral applications; in acupuncture points; minor autohemotherapy, and major autohemotherapy. The possibilities of clinical indications and dosages were also described, including immunological and infectious diseases. Although it is a minimally invasive and relatively safe approach, more clinical studies are necessary to standardize techniques, doses, and clinical indications.

A aplicação e a pesquisa da terapia com ozônio aumentaram recentemente. A mistura de oxigênio-ozônio (O2-O3) tem sido utilizada como agente terapêutico para o tratamento de diversas doenças com efeitos benéficos. Esta breve revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de divulgar os mecanismos de ação e as principais indicações clínicas e possibilidades da ozonioterapia para diferentes condições. As abordagens e técnicas locais e sistêmicas descritas para o tratamento em humanos podem ser facilmente transpostas para uso em animais, como insuflação retal; terapia tópica de "bagging"; óleo ozonizado; aplicações intradiscal e paravertebral; em pontos de acupuntura; auto-hemoterapia menor e auto-hemoterapia maior. Também foram descritas as possibilidades de indicações clínicas e dosagens, incluindo doenças imunológicas e infecciosas. Embora seja uma abordagem minimamente invasiva e relativamente segura, mais estudos clínicos são necessários para padronizar técnicas, doses e indicações clínicas.

Combinação da auto-hemoterapia e sulfato de vincristina no tratamento de tumor venéreo transmissível em cadelas em Moçambique / Combination of autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate in treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumor in bitches in Mozambique

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a tumor of round cells. Vincristine sulfate is the most effective for TVT. Alternatively, hemotherapy is an alternative therapy that consists of the administration of autologous blood and the positive effects are associated with an immunomodulatory effect. Since chemotherapy has some collateral effects, it is necessary to study another treatment with minimal side effects. In this context, this report case aimed to describe the use of autohemotherapy associated with vincristine sulfate for treating a transmissible venereal tumor in the vulvar mucosa of 7 adult bitches, being the first case report in Mozambique, Africa. Case: Seven adult bitches, median size, were referred to the School Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique, Africa, with a diagnosis of TVT in the vulvar mucosa. All bitches were treated weekly with autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate for 21 days. The parameters assessed included clinical and TVT macroscopic examination, complete blood count, serum biochemical examination and urinalysis, and were evaluated 60-min before each treatment. No clinical side effects were identified during the treatments. Color, appearance and tumor size were changed during the treatment period, and all bitches showed complete remission of the tumor 21 days after the beginning of treatment or after the third therapeutic session. The values of the complete blood count, serum biochemical and urinalysis did not demonstrate significant variations throughout the evaluated time-points. The TVT cytopathological classification was lymphocytic (42.9 %), plasmacytic (28.6 %) and lymphoplasmacytic (28.6 %). Discussion: The aims of this report were to describe the combination of autohemotherapy and vincristine sulfate for treating the transmissible venereal tumor located in the vulvar mucosa of adult bitches, through clinical and laboratory evaluation, and was not...

Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep / Eficácia clínica da auto-hemoterapia como adjuvante no controle de nematódeos gastrointestinais em ovinos naturalmente infectados

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da auto-hemoterapia como adjuvante no controle de nematódeos gastrointestinais em ovinos. Quatro grupos experimentais foram formados: G1, 10 animais que receberam sangue venoso autólogo; G2, 10 animais que receberam sangue venoso autólogo e vermífugo contendo levamisol; G3, 10 animais que receberam somente vermífugo contendo levamisol; e G4, 10 animais do grupo controle, que não receberam tratamento. Realizamos contagem de ovos nas fezes (ovos por grama, OPG) de estrongilídeos, cultivo de larvas, hemograma, leucograma e dosagem de proteína sérica antes do início do tratamento (D0) e nos dias 14 (D14) e 42 (D42). Houve uma diminuição significativa no OPG dos grupos que receberam levamisole (G2 e G3) do D14 até o final do período experimental. Ao final das avaliações, o OPG médio de G2 e G3 foi significativamente menor do que G1 e G4. O gênero de nematódeo mais comumente encontrado foi Haemonchus (88%) e o menos foi Trichostrongylus (1%). O teste de Redução na Contagem de Ovos nas Fezes (RCOF) de G2 e G3 no D14 foi 98,1% e 97,9%, respectivamente, entretanto, no G1, o RCOF foi zero nos dois dias avaliados. G1 e G2 mostraram aumento significativo na contagem de monócitos em D14 e D42. Houve um aumento significativo nos valores do hematócrito e hemoglobina em G2 e G3, entretanto, um aumento significativo no valor absoluto de hemácias foi observado somente em G2. Duas doses de auto-hemoterapia em intervalos de 21 dias, administradas isoladamente ou como adjuvante do levamisole, não é eficaz no controle de nematóides gastrintestinais em ovinos naturalmente infectados.

Eficácia clínica da auto-hemoterapia como adjuvante no controle de nematódeos gastrointestinais em ovinos naturalmente infectados / Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control ofgastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da auto-hemoterapia como adjuvante no controle de nematódeos gastrointestinais em ovinos. Quatro grupos experimentais foram formados: G1, 10 animais que receberam sangue venoso autólogo; G2, 10 animais que receberam sangue venoso autólogo e vermífugo contendo levamisol; G3, 10 animais que receberam somente vermífugo contendo levamisol; e G4, 10 animais do grupo controle, que não receberam tratamento. Realizamos contagem de ovos nas fezes (ovos por grama, OPG) de estrongilídeos, cultivo de larvas, hemograma, leucograma e dosagem de proteína sérica antes do início do tratamento (D0) e nos dias 14 (D14) e 42 (D42). Houve uma diminuição significativa no OPG dos grupos que receberam levamisole (G2 e G3) do D14 até o final do período experimental. Ao final das avaliações, o OPG médio de G2 e G3 foi significativamente menor do que G1 e G4. O gênero de nematódeo mais comumente encontrado foi Haemonchus (88%) e o menos foi Trichostrongylus (1%). O teste de Redução na Contagem de Ovos nas Fezes (RCOF) de G2 e G3 no D14 foi 98,1% e 97,9%, respectivamente, entretanto, no G1, o RCOF foi zero nos dois dias avaliados. G1 e G2 mostraram aumento significativo na contagem de monócitos em D14 e D42. Houve um aumento significativo nos valores do hematócrito e hemoglobina em G2 e G3, entretanto, um aumento significativo no valor absoluto de hemácias foi observado somente em G2. Duas doses de auto-hemoterapia em intervalos de 21 dias, administradas isoladamente ou como adjuvante do levamisole, não é eficaz no controle de nematóides gastrintestinais em ovinos naturalmente infectados.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

Uso de terapias alternativas no tratamento de cinomose canina / Use of alternative therapies in the treatment of canine kinomosis

A Cinomose é uma doença viral, infecciosa, altamente contagiosa, que acomete principalmente os cães e é geradora de transtornos oculares, respiratórios, gastrintestinais e neurológicos. Não existe um tratamento específico para a virose e muitas das vezes os animais não apresentam resposta positiva aos tratamentos convencionais, havendo a necessidade da utilização de tratamentos alternativos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de acupuntura, auto-hemoterapia e ozonioterapia como terapias adjuvantes no tratamento de cinomose canina. Foi atendida numa clínica de Fortaleza – Ceará, paciente canina, fêmea, sem raça definida (SRD), de 2 (dois) anos de idade, apresentando mucosa ocular hipercorada, midríase, secreção ocular de cor esverdeada e ataxia de membros posteriores. A partir da avaliação dos exames solicitados, instituiu-se o tratamento para a paciente. Sem ter resposta positiva a tutora optou por iniciar as terapias alternativas de acupuntura, ozonioterapia e auto-hemoterapia na tentativa de reverter o quadro crítico da paciente. As seções de acupuntura duravam em média 15 minutos, onde os pontos utilizados foram baseados nos sinais clínicos apresentados pelo animal, peso do animal e função de cada ponto. A ozonioterapia e a auto-hemoterapia eram realizadas em conjunto. Após a utilização das terapias alternativas o paciente apresentou melhoras clínica e hematológica significativas. Em casos de cinomose o uso de terapias alternativas como acupuntura, ozonioterapia e auto-hemoterapia pode proporcionar a melhora clínica e hematológica de cães acometidos, determinando melhor prognóstico e qualidade de vida aos pacientes.

Canine distemper is a highly contagious, infectious, viral disease that mainly affects dogs and generates eye, respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. There is no specific treatment for the virus and many times the animals do not respond positively to conventional treatments, with the need to use alternative treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of acupuncture, auto-hemotherapy and ozone therapy as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of canine distemper. She was treated at a clinic in Fortaleza - Ceará, a canine, female, mixed breed (SRD), 2 (two) years old, with hyper-colored ocular mucosa, mydriasis, greenish-colored ocular secretion and posterior limb ataxia. Based on the evaluation of the requested tests, treatment for the patient was instituted. Without having a positive response, the tutor chose to start alternative therapies of acupuncture, ozone therapy and autohemotherapy in an attempt to revert the patient's critical condition. The acupuncture sections lasted an average of 15 minutes, where the points used were based on the clinical signs presented by the animal, the animal's weight and the function of each point. Ozone therapy and auto-hemotherapy were performed together. After using alternative therapies, the patient showed significant clinical and hematological improvements. In cases of distemper, the use of alternative therapies such as acupuncture, ozone therapy and autohemotherapy can provide clinical and hematological improvement in affected dogs, determining better prognosis and quality of life for patients.

Uso de terapias alternativas no tratamento de cinomose canina / Use of alternative therapies in the treatment of canine kinomosis

A Cinomose é uma doença viral, infecciosa, altamente contagiosa, que acomete principalmente os cães e é geradora de transtornos oculares, respiratórios, gastrintestinais e neurológicos. Não existe um tratamento específico para a virose e muitas das vezes os animais não apresentam resposta positiva aos tratamentos convencionais, havendo a necessidade da utilização de tratamentos alternativos. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de acupuntura, auto-hemoterapia e ozonioterapia como terapias adjuvantes no tratamento de cinomose canina. Foi atendida numa clínica de Fortaleza Ceará, paciente canina, fêmea, sem raça definida (SRD), de 2 (dois) anos de idade, apresentando mucosa ocular hipercorada, midríase, secreção ocular de cor esverdeada e ataxia de membros posteriores. A partir da avaliação dos exames solicitados, instituiu-se o tratamento para a paciente. Sem ter resposta positiva a tutora optou por iniciar as terapias alternativas de acupuntura, ozonioterapia e auto-hemoterapia na tentativa de reverter o quadro crítico da paciente. As seções de acupuntura duravam em média 15 minutos, onde os pontos utilizados foram baseados nos sinais clínicos apresentados pelo animal, peso do animal e função de cada ponto. A ozonioterapia e a auto-hemoterapia eram realizadas em conjunto. Após a utilização das terapias alternativas o paciente apresentou melhoras clínica e hematológica significativas. Em casos de cinomose o uso de terapias alternativas como acupuntura, ozonioterapia e auto-hemoterapia pode proporcionar a melhora clínica e hematológica de cães acometidos, determinando melhor prognóstico e qualidade de vida aos pacientes.(AU)

Canine distemper is a highly contagious, infectious, viral disease that mainly affects dogs and generates eye, respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. There is no specific treatment for the virus and many times the animals do not respond positively to conventional treatments, with the need to use alternative treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of acupuncture, auto-hemotherapy and ozone therapy as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of canine distemper. She was treated at a clinic in Fortaleza - Ceará, a canine, female, mixed breed (SRD), 2 (two) years old, with hyper-colored ocular mucosa, mydriasis, greenish-colored ocular secretion and posterior limb ataxia. Based on the evaluation of the requested tests, treatment for the patient was instituted. Without having a positive response, the tutor chose to start alternative therapies of acupuncture, ozone therapy and autohemotherapy in an attempt to revert the patient's critical condition. The acupuncture sections lasted an average of 15 minutes, where the points used were based on the clinical signs presented by the animal, the animal's weight and the function of each point. Ozone therapy and auto-hemotherapy were performed together. After using alternative therapies, the patient showed significant clinical and hematological improvements. In cases of distemper, the use of alternative therapies such as acupuncture, ozone therapy and autohemotherapy can provide clinical and hematological improvement in affected dogs, determining better prognosis and quality of life for patients.(AU)

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […]

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […](AU)

Auto-hemoterapia em acupontos no tratamento de tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) de cadela errante / Autohemotherapy in acupoints in the treatment of bitch errant transmissible veneral tumor (TVT)

Muitos cães são acometidos com o tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) geralmente através de contato sexual. É uma neoplasia contagiosa, que causa lesão na mucosa genital e oral, não apresentando predisposição por sexo ou raça. Uma cadela da Raça Pitbull, de aproximadamente 3 anos, foi recolhida das ruas de Viçosa-AL pelo Grupo de Estudo de Pequenos Animais-GRUPET, apre- sentando-se no terço final de gestação, dispneica, com escore corporal baixo, região vaginal edemaciada e com exposição de mucosa genital. Após consulta prévia e realização de citologia, a cadela foi diagnosticada. Após equilíbrio hemodinâmico da paciente e exame ultrassonográfico, optou-se pela cesariana para então iniciar o tratamento de eleição para TVT com Sulfato de Vincristina endovenosa. Porém, devido às más condições de saúde, foi sugerido um trata- mento alternativo com auto-hemoterapia em pontos de acupuntura (SG-AP), com periodicidade semanal. O tumor era de 15 cm de comprimento com largura não mensurada. Foi colhido quatro ml de sangue pela veia cefálica, e distribuí- dos da seguinte forma nos pontos de acupuntura: 0,5 ml em Bexiga (B) 60, 0,5 ml em VG1 (Ho Hai), 1 ml em B23, 1 ml no ponto da imunidade e 1 ml em B40. Com uma semana após a primeira sessão, o tumor já havia regredido para 13 cm. Foi feito o mesmo procedimento na segunda sessão e após a terceira sessão o tratamento foi interrompido, mesmo com o tumor tendo diminuído para 11 cm, devido ao animal apresentar expressivo sangramento vaginal. Apesar da interrupção do tratamento, foi visto que SG-AP regrediu significativamente a massa do TVT no caso clínico descrito, necessitando-se mais pesquisas para comprovação de sua efetividade e indicação na rotina clínica.

Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjunct treatment of canine parvovirus

Background: Canine parvovirus is highlighted among the gastroenteric diseases that are common medical occurrences in small animals due to its clinical evolution. Although the treatment is often successful, the success rate has remained unchanged over the years, reflecting a clear need for searching more efficient protocols in order to reduce hospitalization, treatment cost and increase survival rates. Autohemotherapy efficacy has been demonstrated for several diseases and identified as a stimulating tool and immune mediator. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjunct in the treatment of dogs suffering from parvovirus. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty dogs suffering from parvovirus, diagnosed via immunochromatography, were distributed (n = 10) into two groups: autohemotherapy (GAHT) and control (GCO). Both groups were treated with the appropriate support therapy for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (GHE), while the dogs of the GAHT group were also treated with the adjunct autohemotherapy (AHT). The AHT consisted of the administration of blood collected by jugular venipuncture, without anticoagulant, immediately injected in equal proportion in the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle region. The blood volume injected was based on animal weight:...

Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjunct treatment of canine parvovirus

Background: Canine parvovirus is highlighted among the gastroenteric diseases that are common medical occurrences in small animals due to its clinical evolution. Although the treatment is often successful, the success rate has remained unchanged over the years, reflecting a clear need for searching more efficient protocols in order to reduce hospitalization, treatment cost and increase survival rates. Autohemotherapy efficacy has been demonstrated for several diseases and identified as a stimulating tool and immune mediator. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjunct in the treatment of dogs suffering from parvovirus. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty dogs suffering from parvovirus, diagnosed via immunochromatography, were distributed (n = 10) into two groups: autohemotherapy (GAHT) and control (GCO). Both groups were treated with the appropriate support therapy for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (GHE), while the dogs of the GAHT group were also treated with the adjunct autohemotherapy (AHT). The AHT consisted of the administration of blood collected by jugular venipuncture, without anticoagulant, immediately injected in equal proportion in the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle region. The blood volume injected was based on animal weight:...(AU)

Auto-hemoterapia, uma nova ou antiga alternativa terapêutica? Revisão de literatura / Autohemotherapy, a new or old therapeutic alternative? Literature review

Avanços científicos e tecnológicos voltados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades são hoje responsáveis por proporcionar uma melhor perspectiva e qualidade de vida. Diante dos custos, acessibilidade e efeitos colaterais que alguns destes modelos terapêuticos podem originar, faz-se necessário e é crescente a busca por alternativas que minimizem estes fatores tão indesejados. Neste contexto, há mais de um século, surgiu a auto-hemoterapia. Embora ainda hoje muito questionada e pouco pesquisada, esta terapia vem ganhando espaço nos estudos científicos, demonstrando respostas clínicas às mais diversas patologias tanto para os seres humanos quanto para os animais. Nesta revisão serão abordados aspectos inerentes ao histórico, à técnica, formas de administração, mecanismo de ação, aplicabilidade e contraindicações,visando assim reunir informações que possibilitem uma melhor compreensão sobre este tema.AU

Scientific and technological advances directed at treating various diseases are today responsible for providinga better perspective and quality of life. Due to costs, accessibility and collateral effects that some of these therapeutic models can originate, it is necessary and crescent the research for alternatives that minimize these unwanted factors. In this context, for over a century, arises the autohemotherapy. Although it is still nowadays widely questioned and little investigated this therapy has been gaining space in the scientifics studies, demonstrating clinical responses to several pathologies both human beings and animals. In this review, will be approached aspects inherent in to the historical, technique, forms of administration, mechanism of action, contraindications, and applicability, thus aiming to gather information to enable a better understanding of the topic.AU

Auto-hemoterapia, uma nova ou antiga alternativa terapêutica? Revisão de literatura / Autohemotherapy, a new or old therapeutic alternative? Literature review

Avanços científicos e tecnológicos voltados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades são hoje responsáveis por proporcionar uma melhor perspectiva e qualidade de vida. Diante dos custos, acessibilidade e efeitos colaterais que alguns destes modelos terapêuticos podem originar, faz-se necessário e é crescente a busca por alternativas que minimizem estes fatores tão indesejados. Neste contexto, há mais de um século, surgiu a auto-hemoterapia. Embora ainda hoje muito questionada e pouco pesquisada, esta terapia vem ganhando espaço nos estudos científicos, demonstrando respostas clínicas às mais diversas patologias tanto para os seres humanos quanto para os animais. Nesta revisão serão abordados aspectos inerentes ao histórico, à técnica, formas de administração, mecanismo de ação, aplicabilidade e contraindicações,visando assim reunir informações que possibilitem uma melhor compreensão sobre este tema.

Scientific and technological advances directed at treating various diseases are today responsible for providinga better perspective and quality of life. Due to costs, accessibility and collateral effects that some of these therapeutic models can originate, it is necessary and crescent the research for alternatives that minimize these unwanted factors. In this context, for over a century, arises the autohemotherapy. Although it is still nowadays widely questioned and little investigated this therapy has been gaining space in the scientifics studies, demonstrating clinical responses to several pathologies both human beings and animals. In this review, will be approached aspects inherent in to the historical, technique, forms of administration, mechanism of action, contraindications, and applicability, thus aiming to gather information to enable a better understanding of the topic.

Transmissible venereal tumor treated with autohemotherapy

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells, that affects exclusively the canine specie. The etiology of the tumor is unknown, but the hystiocitic hipothesis is the more accepted. It is transmitted principally by the venereal form, but the inplant of cells can cause the disease. The clinic signs of the neoplasia are typical and include tumoral friable mass (in shape of cauliflower), that bleed easily. The most common localization is external genitalia, but the tumor can appears in skin surface and other organs. TVT grows rapidly (progressive phase) after transplantation, followed by a static phase (without cell proliferation) and then may regress spontaneously (stage of regression). The regression of the neoplasia is associated with increased infi ltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor and characterized by increased apoptosis of tumor cells and fi brosis. The diagnosis of TVT is usually done by the physical aspect of the tumor, and confirmed by cytology or histopathology. TVT can be prevented by castration of the animals. The treatment of TVT is usually performed with vincristine, which has side effects, requires care in its application, and has a relatively high cost. Thus, new therapeutic low-cost alternatives are suggested, as is the case of autohemotherapy. The autohemotherapy technique consists of administration of autologous whole blood intramuscularly. In veterinary practice has been used successfully to treat bovine papillomatosis and other diseases. Probably the mechanism of action of autohemotherapy is to enhance organic immunity. This report aimed to evaluate the behavior of the transmissible venereal tumor in six dogs with naturally transplanted tumor after treatment with autohemotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult bitches were clinically examined and all presented transmissible venereal tumor located in external genitalia, adquired by natural transmission. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. The bitches were kept in kennels by one week before treatment, and it was not observed natural regression of tumor mass. After this time the animals were submitted to treatment with autohemotherapy, which consisted of application of autologous whole blood in the gluteal muscles, at dose of 10 mL. The applications were made weekly for seven weeks. All tumors were measured before and after autohemotherapy and, also weekly during the treatment. All tumors were friable and bleeding easily, multilobulated, nodulares, cauliflower-like shape, pale-pink to pale red, with surface smooth or irregular. In some animals there were signs of secondary infection. In general, the measurement of tumor ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.1 cm before of autohemotherapy. After treatment it was observed, macroscopically, a decrease of the tumoral mass in three dogs. Discussion: It was established as criterion for stopping treatment the time of seven weeks. Possibly if the treatment had been extended the regression could have been completed. Probably autohemotherapy increased immunity and, consequently, contributed to increase the body's resistance against TVT, producing regression of tumoral mass. Therefore, the autohemotherapy led to macroscopic partial regression of the tumor in 50% of animals subjected to this treatment, stimulating further research in this area.