História da rBLH (2010)

Esse vídeo é a versão compacta do Documentário sobre a Rede de Bancos de Leite Humano (rBLH-BR e rBLH Ibero-americana), no V Congresso Brasileiro de Bancos de Leite Humano, I Congresso Iberoamericano de Bancos de Leite Humano, Fórum de Cooperação Internacional em Bancos de Leite Humano - ABC/Fiocruz 2010, Brasília/DF, que teve como tema central o compromisso dos Bancos de Leite Humano com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). Confira parte da história da Rede de Bancos de Leite Humano, que atua como estratégia de promoção do aleitamento materno e saúde da mulher e da criança.

La leche por bandera en Granada. Evolución de las nodrizas desde la plaza de las pasiegas hasta el banco de leche del hospital materno infantil de Granada / Milk by flag in Granada. Evolution of the wet nurses from Pasiegas square to the Maternal Human Milk Bank of the Maternity Hospital in Granada

Cuando pensamos en nodriza, las dos palabras que se vienen a la cabeza son leche materna y altruismo. Dos vocablos que han estado ligados a ellas y que hoy, en el siglo XXI, aún continúan. Las primeras nodrizas hicieron de esto una forma de trabajo, no estaba remunerado y para la clase alta era una forma de librarse del cuidado y crianza de sus hijos. Para las nodrizas supuso la incorporación al mundo laboral [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Nutrition for Preterm Infants: 75 Years of History.

As technology has advanced, survival rates of preterm infants have improved dramatically. Human milk was the primary source of enteral nutrition during the early days of neonatology, but the HIV/AIDS epidemic resulted in an increased use of preterm formula. More recently, the benefits of human milk were rediscovered, resulting in increased use of donor human milk as well. The awareness that human milk does not contain the amounts of nutrients to meet the high requirements of infants born premature resulted in the development of human milk fortifiers. The development of these fortifiers is still ongoing, as are alternative methods of pasteurization of donor milk. Those initiatives will increase the use of human milk with consequently short- and long-term benefits for preterm infants.

[The Changing Value of Mother's Milk. Feeding Premature and Sick Newborns Since the Late 19th Century]. / Wie wertvoll ist Muttermilch? Die Ernährung Früh- und Neugeborener seit dem ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert.

In the 1960s/early 70s there was a widespread conviction in West Germany that mother's milk was no longer essential even for premature infants given the availability of improved industrial milk products. But today the superiority of human milk is again undisputed, and progress in neonatology has created a growing target group of extremely premature infants who show clear benefits from being fed with human milk, particularly regarding improved outcomes. Currently there is a revival of donor milk banks (FMB). Globally there are around 500, 15 in Germany. Until the 1960s, mother's milk was the preferred means of German pediatricians to counter infant mortality. During the German Empire and the Weimar Republic doctors widely recommended nursing and engaged wet nurses to meet the demand for human milk and the first donor milk banks were set up; during the Nazi regime there were dozens. The GDR continued using donor milk, while FRG milk banks were shut down in the 70s. The history of milk banks has been shaped not only by science, but also by culture, politics and economics. In the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, social, national and eugenic considerations became intertwined in the struggle against infant mortality. In Nazi Germany human milk was used to strengthen the "German Volksgemeinschaft" ("community of the German people"), particularly individuals who were considered as "erbgesund" ("hereditarily healthy"). Massive advertising of the baby food industry in the West and public debate about pollutants and HIV/AIDS increased doubts about the advantages of natural feeding. In East Germany the planned economy, state health system and censored media significantly contributed to the survival of milk banks.

From royal wet nurses to Facebook: The evolution of breastmilk sharing.

Wet-nursing was an essential practice that allowed for infant survival after many mothers died in childbirth. The story of wet-nursing is complicated by both religious pressures and cultural expectations of women. It is likely that these historical practices have shaped our current social, political and legislative environments regarding breastfeeding. The aim of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the practice of wet-nursing, with a focus on: 1) social views of wet nurses, 2) breastmilk evaluation and 3) the ideal wet nurse. Historical perspectives from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome, 19th and 20th century America and current practices are examined. An appreciation for the evolution of breastmilk sharing provides clinicians and lactation advocates with the historical origins which provided the template for current practice as it relates to donor milk, breastfeeding culture and relevant legislation.

Human Milk Banking.

Human milk banks play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive human milk. The largest group of recipients are premature infants who derive very substantial benefits from it. Human milk protects premature infants from necrotizing enterocolitis and from sepsis, two devastating medical conditions. Milk banks collect, screen, store, process, and distribute human milk. Donating women usually nurse their own infants and have a milk supply that exceeds their own infants' needs. Donor women are carefully selected and are screened for HIV-1, HIV-2, human T-cell leukemia virus 1 and 2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. In the milk bank, handling, storing, processing, pooling, and bacterial screening follow standardized algorithms. Heat treatment of human milk diminishes anti-infective properties, cellular components, growth factors, and nutrients. However, the beneficial effects of donor milk remain significant and donor milk is still highly preferable in comparison to formula.

Human milk banking to 1985.

This paper provides a literature review of the use of donor human milk by hospitals in Australia and elsewhere from the postwar period through to the early 1980s, and establishes the context for a small study of practices which happened in that period. The latter study will be reported elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to provide a resource for future comparison when the history of the new hospital milk banks of the 21st century is written. Relevant literature in English and two articles in French were accessed.