[Occurrence of visible molds in French schools and nurseries]. / Moisissures visibles dans les écoles et crèches en France.

Children exposure to molds in the school and preschool environment is not well described in France. A nationwide survey was performed in 2009-2011 in 310 schools and nurseries from France including two oversea territories, Reunion and Martinique. It showed that 5 % of the audited rooms had visible molds, mainly on the ceiling. These rooms belonged to 34 buildings (11 %). The multivariate analysis shows that several factors are associated with visible molds in rooms: the presence of textile wall covering, the location of the building in a suburban area, the size of the building (less visible molds in large buildings), the absence of a ventilation system with exhaust located in the room, and the absence of double-glazed windows. The prevalence of visible molds is comparable to the one observed in large European studies: 7 % of the 334 classrooms in the frame of the SINPHONIE project and 11 % of the buildings in 193 elementary schools in the HITEA study.

Integrative literature review: sleep patterns in infants attending nurseries / Revisión integradora de la literatura: sueño en lactantes que frecuentan guarderías / Revisão integrativa da literatura: sono em lactentes que frequentam creche

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidence available in the literature about sleep patterns of infants attending nurseries. Method: An integrative review of studies published in Portuguese, English or Spanish available in full text on LILACS, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. The following descriptors sono, lactente and creches or berçários (in Portuguese) and sleep, infant and childcare or nurseries were used for LILACS, CINAHL and Pubmed, respectively. Nine studies were selected and analyzed. Results: The main component explored in the studies about sleep pattern is the sleep position of the infants, due to its association with sudden infant death syndrome. The results pointed to the need to promote and develop written guidelines regarding behavioral practices to reduce the risk of this phenomenon. Conclusion: Evidence has identified sleep issues, mainly regarding the sleep position of the infant and the environment where the infant sleeps, showing that it is critical to set routines and interventions to improve the quality of sleep care of infants attending nurseries.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el sueño del lactante que frecuenta guarderías. Método: Revisión integradora de artículos publicados en portugués, inglés o español, disponibles en su totalidad en las bases LILACS, CINAHL y PubMed. Fueron utilizados los descriptores "sueño", "lactante" y "guarderías" o "cuarto de niños" y "sleep", "infant" y "childcare" o "nurseries" para LILACS y para CINAHL y Pubmed, respectivamente, siendo seleccionados y analizados nueve estudios. Resultados: El principal componente explorado en los artículos acerca del comportamiento del sueño es la posición en que el niño duerme, en vista a su asociación con el síndrome de la muerte súbita infantil. Los resultados resaltaron la necesidad de promoción y desarrollo de normas escritas cuanto a las prácticas comportamentales para reducción de riesgo de ese fenómeno. Conclusión: Las evidencias identificaron problemas relacionados al sueño, principalmente con relación al posicionamiento del niño y al ambiente en que duerme, siendo fundamental el establecimiento de rutinas e intervenciones, visando mejorar la calidad del cuidado con el sueño de los lactantes que frecuentan guarderías.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o sono do lactente que frequenta creche. Método: Revisão integrativa de artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, disponíveis na íntegra nas bases LILACS, CINAHL e PubMed. Foram utilizados os descritores "sono", "lactente" e "creches" ou "berçários e "sleep", "infant" e "childcare" ou "nurseries" para LILACS e para CINAHL e Pubmed, respectivamente, sendo selecionados e analisados nove estudos. Resultados: O principal componente explorado nos artigos acerca do comportamento do sono é a posição em que a criança dorme, haja vista sua associação com a síndrome da morte súbita infantil. Os resultados ressaltaram a necessidade de promoção e desenvolvimento de normas escritas quanto às práticas comportamentais para redução de risco desse fenômeno. Conclusão: As evidências identificaram problemas relacionados ao sono, principalmente em relação ao posicionamento da criança e ao ambiente em que dorme, sendo fundamental o estabelecimento de rotinas e intervenções, visando melhorar a qualidade do cuidado com o sono dos lactentes que frequentam creches.

How to manage food allergy in nursery or school.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to describe effective management strategies in nursery or school based upon research findings. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of food allergy and number of emergency department visits for food-related anaphylaxis are increasing in children and adolescents. As there is currently no cure, the most effective strategy to decrease allergic reactions is food allergen avoidance. However, allergic reactions are inevitable in both food allergic children as well as in first-time reactors. Misconceptions exist on the safety of products with advisory labels and questions remain on whether school-wide bans decrease the risk of allergic reactions in school. Recent legislation has prompted schools to consider requiring unassigned epinephrine autoinjectors to better manage those who have allergic reactions in nursery or school. SUMMARY: A collective effort is required to keep children with food allergies safe at school. Families, healthcare providers, and school personnel should be informed on food allergen avoidance strategies, symptoms consistent with allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, how to respond to allergic reactions, and the impact the diagnosis of food allergy may have on quality of life for affected children and their families.

Integrative literature review: sleep patterns in infants attending nurseries.

OBJECTIVE: To identify evidence available in the literature about sleep patterns of infants attending nurseries. METHOD: An integrative review of studies published in Portuguese, English or Spanish available in full text on LILACS, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. The following descriptors sono, lactente and creches or berçários (in Portuguese) and sleep, infant and childcare or nurseries were used for LILACS, CINAHL and Pubmed, respectively. Nine studies were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: The main component explored in the studies about sleep pattern is the sleep position of the infants, due to its association with sudden infant death syndrome. The results pointed to the need to promote and develop written guidelines regarding behavioral practices to reduce the risk of this phenomenon. CONCLUSION: Evidence has identified sleep issues, mainly regarding the sleep position of the infant and the environment where the infant sleeps, showing that it is critical to set routines and interventions to improve the quality of sleep care of infants attending nurseries.

Effect of cleaning and disinfection of toys on infectious diseases and micro-organisms in daycare nurseries.

BACKGROUND: The rising number of children in daycare nurseries increases opportunities for the transmission of infectious diseases. Pathogens may be transmitted directly from child to child via sneezing, coughing and touching, or indirectly via the environment. Toys are among the fomites with the highest pathogen load, but their role in disease transmission is unknown. AIM: To determine if washing and disinfection of toys can reduce sickness absence and microbial pathogen load in the nursery environment. METHODS: Twelve nurseries (caring for 587 children) were randomized to intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of washing and disinfection of toys and linen every two weeks for three months by a commercial cleaning company. The extent and causes of sickness absence among the children were recorded in both groups before and after introduction of the intervention. Ten sampling points in each nursery were examined for bacteria and respiratory viruses. RESULTS: The presence of respiratory virus DNA/RNA was widespread, but very few pathogenic bacteria were found in the environment. The intervention reduced the presence of adenovirus [odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.0], rhinovirus (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3-12.4) and respiratory syncytial virus (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.5-11.2) compared with the control group, but the intervention had no effect on sickness absence or disease patterns in the nurseries. CONCLUSION: Although cleaning and disinfection of toys every two weeks can decrease the microbial load in nurseries, it does not appear to reduce sickness absence among nursery children.

Nutrition practices of nurseries in England. Comparison with national guidelines.

Recent national guidelines call for improved nutrition within early years settings. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe foods and beverages served in nurseries, assess provider behaviors related to feeding, and compare these practices to national guidelines. We administered a mailed survey to a random sample of nurseries across England, stratifying by tertile of deprivation. A total of 851 nurseries returned the survey (54.3% response rate). We fitted separate multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the association of deprivation with each of the 13 food and beverage guidelines and the seven provider behavior guidelines. We also conducted a joint F-test for any deprivation effect, to evaluate the effect of the guidelines combined. After adjusting for confounders, we observed differences in the frequency of nurseries that reported serving healthier foods across the tertiles of deprivation (p = 0.02 for joint F test). These adjusted results were driven mainly by nurseries in more deprived areas serving more whole grains (OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.00, 2.46)) and legumes, pulses, and lentils (1.40 (1.01, 2.14)). We also observed differences in the frequency of nurseries reporting more provider behaviors consistent with national guidelines across the tertiles of deprivation (p = 0.01 for joint F test). Nurseries in more deprived areas were more likely to dilute juice with water (2.35 (1.48, 3.73)), allow children to select their own portions (1.09 (1.06, 1.58)), and sit with children during meals (1.84 (1.07, 3.15)). While nurseries in the most deprived areas reported serving more healthy foods, a large percentage were still not meeting national guidelines. Policy and intervention efforts may increase compliance with national guidelines in nurseries in more deprived areas, and across England.

CNN code of conduct.

It is important that a CNN understands their employer's local policies, procedures and clinical protocols. To enable a CNN to practise, they must be appropriately trained, have clinical supervision and work in partnership with others. A CNN must maintain client confidentiality, and act accordingly with all partnership communications. A CNN has a duty of care to themselves, the clients, colleagues and the employer.

Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal stimulation: a survey of neonatal nurseries.

A recent survey was conducted on stimulation of mothers and babies during pregnancy and the neonatal period. The survey was responded to by 82 neonatology staff members from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) at hospitals in the United States. Some forms of stimulation were extremely common including (1) skin-to-skin following birth in the delivery room (83% of hospitals); (2) containment (swaddling and surrounded by blanket rolls) in the NICU (86%); (3) music in the NICU (72%); (4) rocking in the NICU (85%); (5) kangaroo care (98%); (6) non-nutritive sucking during tubefeedings in the NICU (96%); and (7) breastfeeding in the NICU (100%). Other forms of stimulation occurred less frequently including (1) pregnancy massage (19%); (2) labor massage (30%); (3) the Doula (assistant who comforts during labor and delivery) (30%); (4) waterbeds in the NICU (23%); and (5) preterm infant massage in the NICU (38%).

Síndrome de la Muerte Súbita del Lactante (SMSL) Medidas preventivas ambientales para evitar el SMSL / Environmental guidelines reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Sindrome (SIDS)

No disponible

Development of a WHO Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS): a pilot collaborative study.

This paper describes the research conducted by a WHO collaborative study group for the development of a questionnaire method for the assessment of quality in child-care settings. The results of an inter-rater reliability study undertaken in Greece and Nigeria suggest that the Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS), composed of 80 items, offers a satisfactory system of rating, especially after modifications were made to refine certain items, alter the scoring system so as to grasp nuances, and clarify the instructions in the users' manual, including revisions in the interviewing technique. A validity study to confirm the usefulness of this method is being carried out in Athens.

[Morbidity among children attending preschool institutions]. / Zabolevaemost' detei, poseshchaiushchikh doshkol'nye uchrezhdeniia.

The paper provides data on children morbidity in departmental preschool institutions during nine years period (1981-1989) and labour losses due to the care for sick children. The pattern of general morbidity, dispensary group, classification of children by groups of health are provided. Health-promoting activities for frequently ailing children are described, their effectiveness as to the level of reducing morbidity is shown. The further stage of improving the work on health promotion is the construction of children's curative and health-promoting complex staffed with 43.5 persons.