Complicaciones perianales causadas por agentes modeladores inyectados en glúteos / Perianal complications caused by gluteal injection of modeling agents

En este reporte presentamos tres pacientes en quienes ocurrieron condiciones inflamatorias perianales tardías, luego de la administración de sustancias modeladoras no identificadas en los glúteos. El diagnóstico inicial y supuesto no fue correcto, ya que no se investigó durante la evaluación preliminar el antecedente de la administración de elementos modeladores. Recomendamos que los pacientes con patologías inflamatorias del ano, sobre todo aquellos cuyo curso es extraño, se les pregunte acerca de la administración de agentes modeladores en los glúteos. Esta práctica puede contribuir a la eficacia del diagnóstico de manifestaciones perianales caracterizadas por flogosis, que se presentan de forma inusual. (AU)

In this report we present three patients in which late perianal inflammatory conditions occurred after administration of unidentified modeling agents to the buttocks. The initial diagnosis was not correct because of the administration of modeling agents was not investigated during the initial eval-uation. We recommend inquiring patients with inflammatory pathologies of the anus, especially those whose course is unusual, about the adminis-tration of modeling agents to the buttocks. This approach can contribute to the efficiency of the diagnosis of perianal complaints characterized by inflammation, but rare in its appearance. (AU)

Tratamiento de las secuelas por inyección de metacrilato/biopolímero / Treatment of sequelae due to injection of mathacrylate/biopolymers

Presentamos una serie de casos en el que otros profesionales usaron biopolímeros para relleno y volumen en diferentes regiones del organismo, siendo la más frecuente la región glútea. El 60 % de las pacientes fueron de sexo femenino y el 40%, masculino. El 62% presentaba síntomas que excedían los síntomas locales; completando los estudios con laboratorio y/o imágenes, diagnosticamos síndrome de ASIA (autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants). El requerimiento original de los pacientes siempre fue mixto, algunos consultaron por la incomodidad de tener una región indurada y pétrea, sin movilidad y el resto por síntomas provenientes del producto inyectado. Los del primer grupo siempre referían síntomas generales. Se presenta una técnica novedosa y propia en la forma de encarar el tratamiento, que siempre es quirúrgico

We present a series of cases in which other professionals used biopolymers for filling and volume in different regions of the body, the most frequent the gluteal region. 60% of the patients were female and 40%, male. 62% had symptoms that exceeded local symptoms; completing the studies with laboratory and/or images, we diagnose ASIA (autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants) syndrome. The original requirement of the patients was always mixed, some consulted due to the discomfort of having an indurated and stony region, without mobility and the rest due to symptoms coming from the injected product. Those in the first group always reported general symptoms. A novel and proprietary technique is presented in the way of approaching the treatment, which is always surgical.

Biopolymer sarcoid-like foreign-body granulomas: Case report and literature review / Reacción granulomatosa de tipo sarcoideo secundaria a biopolímeros: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Iatrogenic allogenosis is a disease caused by the injection of biopolymers with esthetic purposes. Clinical manifestations can occur between six hours and 30 years after the procedure with local and/or systemic symptoms. The pathological findings are characterized by the presence of foreign body granulomas with a sarcoid-like reaction. Its interpretation is difficult given its association with sarcoidosis. We report the clinical case of a female patient with granulomatous lesions in reaction to a foreign body secondary to the multiple application of unknown substances on the face and buttocks.

La alogenosis iatrogénica es la enfermedad causada por la aplicación de biopolímeros con fines estéticos. Sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden presentarse entre las seis horas y los 30 años posteriores a la aplicación, con síntomas locales o sistémicos. El principal rasgo de la histopatología es la presencia de granulomas por cuerpo extraño con reacción de tipo sarcoideo, la cual es difícil de interpretar por su asociación con la sarcoidosis. Se reporta aquí el caso de una paciente con lesiones granulomatosas de tipo sarcoideo por reacción a cuerpo extraño, secundaria a la aplicación de múltiples sustancias desconocidas en cara y glúteos.

Preparação e caracterização de nanocarreadores de beta-lactose à base de pectina e lisozima / Preparation and characterization of beta-lactose nanocarriers based on pectin and lysozyme

O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar nanocarreadores via auto-organização a partir da pectina de citros e lisozima para o encapsulamento da ß-lactose. Foram estudadas três condições de interação entre os biopolímeros variando a razão molar pectina/lisozima (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 e 1:3), o pH e o tempo de aquecimento. A confirmação da interação foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e por calorimetria de varredura diferencial (DSC). Os espectros de infravermelho evidenciaram que ligações de hidrogênio foram as principais forças envolvidas na formação dos nanocarreadores e sugeriram a ausência de ß-lactose livre na superfície das nanopartículas. Os termogramas evidenciaram que as nanopartículas formadas na presença de ß-lactose têm maior estabilidade térmica do que as nanopartículas sem ß-lactose. Para ambas as formulações estudadas, na presença e na ausência de ß-lactose, a formação das nanopartículas ocorreu entre os valores de pKa e ponto isoelétrico (pI) da pectina e lisozima, respectivamente, sendo a melhor razão de interação pectina/lisozima 1:2, em pH 10, a 80 ºC por 30 min. As nanopartículas foram formadas via auto-organização e todos as partículas apresentaram distribuição de tamanho homogênea, formato esférico, diâmetro inferior a 100 nm e carga superficial negativa. A morfologia e o tamanho das partículas pouco alteraram com a incorporação da -lactose. A eficiência de encapsulação (EE) da ß-lactose foi superior a 96% para as concentrações estudadas. Ensaios preliminares in vitro, em células epiteliais de câncer de cólon (HCT-116), evidenciaram que as nanopartículas formadas são capazes de adentrar no meio intracelular, possivelmente, por via endocitose

This work aimed to prepare and characterize nanocarriers via self-assembly using citrus pectin and lysozyme for ß-lactose encapsulation. Three interaction conditions between the biopolymers were studied, varying the pectin/lysozyme molar ratio (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3), pH and heating time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined the interaction's confirmation. The infrared spectra showed that hydrogen bonds were the main forces involved in the formation of nanocarriers and suggested the absence of free ß-lactose on the surface of the nanoparticles. The thermograms showed that nanoparticles formed in the presence of ß-lactose have greater thermal stability than nanoparticles without ß-lactose. For both formulations studied, in the presence and absence of lactose, the formation of nanoparticles occurred between the pKa and isoelectric point (pI) values of pectin and lysozyme, respectively, with the best pectin/lysozyme interaction molar ratio 1:2, at pH 10, at 80 °C for 30 min. Nanoparticles were formed via self-assembly, and all particles presented homogeneous size distribution, spherical shape, diameter less than 100 nm, and negative surface charge. The morphology and size of the particles changed little with the incorporation of ß-lactose. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ß-lactose was higher than 96% for the concentrations studied. Preliminary in vitro assays in colon cancer epithelial cells (HCT-116) showed that the nanoparticles formed are capable of entering the intracellular medium, possibly via endocytosis

Nanoparticles as an effective drug delivery system in COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The global healthcare sector has been dealing with a situation known as a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) since the end of 2019. Covid-19 is an acronym for Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease- 2019). It causes a respiratory infection that includes cold, sneezing and coughing, and pneumonia. In the case of an animal, it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. Covid-19 transmitted human to human via airborne droplets. First Covid-19 emerged in Wuhan market China and it spread rapidly throughout the World. As we know nanoparticles are a novel drug delivery system. They have various advantageous effects like increasing the efficacy of the drug, safety, etc. In this review, we study about the nanoparticles and summarize how it is effective during drug delivery system in Covid-19. Chitosan is a much focused biopolymeric nanoparticle. It delivers drugs to the specific target site. In a recent health crisis, chitosan nanoparticles are one of the ways to release drugs of Covid-19, and specifically in the lungs of the affected patients. We studied and extracted our data from various research papers, review papers, and some other articles. OBJECTIVE: The main goal is to study the nanoparticles and their future aspects which is an effective drug delivery system in Covid-19. METHODS: The bibliographic search was done through a systematic search. The terms "Nanoparticles", "Covid-19 ", "Drug delivery" etc. were used to search the databases/search engines like "Google Scholar", "NCBI", "PubMed", "Science Direct" etc. These databases and search engines used here perform the limited criteria of search to conduct a systematic literature survey for the study and report writing. All the text from the articles and research papers were studied and analyzed. The various articles and research papers were used in writing this report and all of which are mentioned in the reference section of this report. CONCLUSION: Our current studies reveal that nanoparticles may prove very helpful in the delivery of drugs for Covid-19 treatment. Many cases showed that patients, where drugs are delivered with the help of nanoparticles, produced very few side effects.

Alogenosis iatrogénica y enfermedades reumáticas / Latrogenic alogenosis and rheumatic diseases

La aplicación de sustancias con fines estéticos de forma indiscriminada como aceites minerales, hidrocarburos, silicona industrial, entre otros, llevan a producir enfermedades en el organismo bien sea locales y/o sistémicas. La asociación entre el uso de estas sustancias y la aparición de enfermedades autoinmunes aún no está clara. No obstante, se han descrito series de pacientes con antecedentes de inyección por materiales de relleno con fines cosméticos, que posteriormente presentaron patologías autoinmunes como: la esclerosis sistémica, el lupus eritematoso sistémico, la artritis reumatoidea, el síndrome de Sjögren, fibromialgia y presencia aislada de algunos síntomas inespecíficos como artralgias, mialgias, deterioro cognitivo, malestar general y fiebre. La reacción inflamatoria excesiva que pueden desencadenar estas sustancias y sus graves consecuencias para el organismo y teniendo en cuenta el aumento de estas prácticas a nivel global, hace necesario concientizar que sólo a través de una adecuada educación a la comunidad y la preparación del personal de la salud, podrá combatirse el terrible daño que provocan en la población(1)

The application of substances with aesthetic purpose in an indiscriminate way as oils minerals, hydrocarbons, industrial silicon, and others, they take to produce illnesses well in the body it is local and/or systemic. The association between the use of these substances and the appearance of autoimmunity diseases is not still clear. Nevertheless cases series have been described patient with antecedent of injection for filler materials with cosmetics purpose that later presented defined autoimmunity such as systemic sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome, Fibromyalgia and the isolated presence of some symptoms nonspecific. The excessive inflammatory reaction that can cause these substances and their serious consequences for the organism, and keeping in mind the increase from these practices to global level is necessary to inform that alone through an appropriate education to the community and the preparation of the health professionals will be able to prevent and combat the terrible damage in the population(1)

Safety evaluation and lipid-lowering effects of food-grade biopolymer complexes (ε-polylysine-pectin) in mice fed a high-fat diet.

ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a potent cationic antimicrobial, but its application as a food additive is currently limited because it tends to precipitate with anionic species in food matrices. Previous research has shown that the formation of an electrostatic complex between cationic ε-PL and anionic pectin (P) improved the physical stability of ε-PL while maintaining its antimicrobial activity. However, the impact of complexation on the effects of ε-PL on health is currently unknown. A subchronic toxicity study was therefore carried out to determine the safety of ingested ε-PL-P complexes using high-fat diet-fed male and female mice. After a 13-week dietary treatment with P, ε-PL, or ε-PL-P complexes, no significant toxicological effects were observed on the survival, mean body weight, food consumption, and organ weights of the animals, suggesting that the complexes were safe for oral consumption. Interestingly, the ε-PL-P complexes were found to have several beneficial health effects: suppression of high-fat diet-induced elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, reduction in serum total triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and an increase in fecal excretion of triglycerides. These effects were much stronger in female mice than in male mice. Moreover, the lipid-lowering effects were observed only for the ε-PL-P complexes but not for ε-PL or P alone at the same doses. Overall, our results demonstrate the oral safety of ε-PL-P complexes and their gender-specific lipid-lowering effects in high-fat diet-fed mice, which provide an important basis for the utilization of ε-PL-P complexes in food systems as functional ingredients.

Complicación tardía tras infiltración de biopolímeros en glúteos / Late complication after biopolymers injection in buttocks

Los biopolímeros son macromoléculas sintéticas que en ocasiones se utilizan de forma ilegal en el campo de la Medicina Estética como material de relleno tisular provocando múltiples complicaciones tanto locales como sistémicas que se pueden manifestar de forma inmediata o años después, e incluso pueden llegar a poner en peligro la vida de los pacientes. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que, 3 años después de la infiltración de biopolímeros en glúteos, presentó abscesos y siliconomas que precisaron extracción y lavados quirúrgicos seriados hasta que pudo hacerse el cierre final de las heridas sin complicaciones. La evolución posterior fue satisfactoria y en momento actual, la paciente se encuentra en seguimiento periódico para posterior remodelación glútea (AU)

Biopolymers are synthetic macromolecules when used illegally in the field of Cosmetic Medicine as tissular fillers, they produce multiple local and systemic complications that may appear immediately or years later, and sometimes even endangering the lives of patients. We report the case of a patient who 3 years after buttocks infiltration with biopolymers, suffered gluteal abscess and siliconomas, meriting surgical extraction and serial washed till getting final wound closure. The evolution was satisfactory and currently, she is in monitoring for posterior gluteal remodeling (AU)

Effect on tomato plant and fruit of the application of biopolymer-oregano essential oil coatings.

BACKGROUND: Oregano essential oil (EO) was incorporated into film-forming dispersions (FFDs) based on biopolymers (chitosan and/or methylcellulose) at two different concentrations. The effect of the application of the FFDs was evaluated on tomato plants (cultivar Micro-Tom) at three different stages of development, and on pre-harvest and postharvest applications on tomato fruit. RESULTS: The application of the FFDs at '3 Leaves' stage caused phytotoxic problems, which were lethal when the EO was applied without biopolymers. Even though plant growth and development were delayed, the total biomass and the crop yield were not affected by biopolymer-EO treatments. When the FFDs were applied in the 'Fruit' stage the pre-harvest application of FFDs had no negative effects. All FFDs containing EO significantly reduced the respiration rate of tomato fruit and diminished weight loss during storage. Moreover, biopolymer-EO FFDs led to a decrease in the fungal decay of tomato fruit inoculated with Rhizopus stolonifer spores, as compared with non-treated tomato fruit and those coated with FFDs without EO. CONCLUSION: The application of biopolymer-oregano essential oil coatings has been proven to be an effective treatment to control R. stolonifer in tomato fruit. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of sugarcane biopolymer in vocal fold of rabbits. Comparative study with calcium hydroxyapatite.

PURPOSE: To compare the inflammatory reaction caused by the injection of a sugarcane biopolymer (SCB) into the vocal fold of rabbits with that caused by calcium hydroxyapatite (CaH). METHODS: CaH (Radiesse(r)) and SCB gel were injected respectively into the right and left vocal cords of thirty rabbits. The rabbits were distributed into two equal groups and sacrificed at three and twelve weeks after injection. We then evaluated the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, plus levels of neovascularization, fibrogenesis and inflammatory changes in the vocal mucosa. RESULTS: The vocal cords injected with CaH had a stronger inflammatory reaction by giant cells in both study periods. The SCB group had a more intense inflammatory involvement of polymorphonuclear cells three weeks after injection. SCB caused a higher level of neovascularization compared with CaH three weeks after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Whereas calcium hydroxyapatite triggers a more intense and lasting inflammatory reaction mediated by giant cells, sugarcane biopolymer causes a greater response from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as well as higher levels of vneoascularization three weeks after injection.

Reacción a un cuerpo extraño por un biopolímero inyectado: presentación de un caso clínico / Foreign body reaction due to an injected biopolymer. Presentation of a clinical case

Los biopolímeros se utilizan como material de relleno. Su uso no está autorizado para fines cosmetológicos. Se presenta el primer caso de un paciente con una lesión intraoral por reacción a un cuerpo extraño por biopolímeros cuyo diagnóstico definitivo se logró con el auxilio del estudio histopatológico y cuyo tratamiento fue la remoción quirúrgica. Se demuestra en el artículo no solo el tipo de reacción inflamatoria de la utilización de este tipo de materiales, sino también su capacidad migratoria (AU)

Biopolymers are used as a filling material, but their use is not approved for cosmetic purposes. We present the first case of a patient with an intraoral lesion due to foreign body reaction by biopolymers, where the definitive diagnosis was obtained with the help of the histopathological study, and was then treated by surgical removal. This article presents not only type of inflammatory reaction of the use of such materials, but also their migratory capacit (AU)

Imprinted-like biopolymeric micelles as efficient nanovehicles for curcumin delivery.

To enhance the solubility and improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic curcumin, a new kind of imprinted-like biopolymeric micelles (IBMs) was designed. The IBMs were prepared via co-assembly of gelatin-dextran conjugates with hydrophilic tea polyphenol, then crosslinking the assembled micelles and finally removing the template tea polyphenol by dialysis. The obtained IBMs show selective binding for polyphenol analogous drugs over other drugs. Furthermore, curcumin can be effectively encapsulated into the IBMs with 5×10(4)-fold enhancement of aqueous solubility. We observed the sustained drug release behavior from the curcumin-loaded IBMs (CUR@IBMs) in typical biological buffers. In addition, we found the cell uptake of CUR@IBMs is much higher than that of free curcumin. The cell cytotoxicity results illustrated that CUR@IBMs can improve the growth inhibition of HeLa cells compared with free curcumin, while the blank IBMs have little cytotoxicity. The in vivo animal study demonstrated that the IBMs could significantly improve the oral bioavailability of curcumin.

Interactions between solubilized polymer molecules and blood components.

In biomedical field, a variety of natural or synthetic polymers are being exponentially developed and used in vivo to improve human health. In practical applications, these biopolymers would enter blood circulation directly or indirectly, positively or passively, rapidly or slowly. Blood is a special tissue of human body, which fulfills many important missions to sustain normal metabolism. The contact with blood of the biopolymers, which are seen as foreign substances by the body, would be harmful or even instantaneously lethal, depending on the nature and the dose of the biopolymers administered. Therefore, it is critical to clearly understand the potential influences of the foreign polymers on blood before the polymers are applied from the lab to bedside. In this review, we discuss the recent studies on the interactions of foreign, solubilized polymer molecules (excluding formed polymer materials) with blood constituents (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma proteins, etc.), to gain insight into the potential in vivo applications of the biopolymers in the biomedical field.

[Sugarcane biopolymer membrane: experimental evaluation in the middle ear]. / Membrana do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar: avaliação experimental na orelha média.

UNLABELLED: New developments on biomaterials are important in surgery. The behavior of a new membrane produced from sugarcane will be evaluated in the middle ear of rats. AIM: This study analyzed the results from the interaction of the sugarcane-base biopolymer membrane in the middle ear of a rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We ran an experimental, prospective, paired study with 24 Wistar rats. The sugarcane-base polymer membrane was inoculated in the right ear; and an autologous fascia in the left ear. The rats were divided in 3 groups of 8, and slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. Histological analyses were performed on the rats' middle ear mucosa and their tympanic membranes. RESULTS: There was an inflammatory reaction on the experimental group and middle ear subacute exudate in 50%of the cases; 30% chronic exudate; and 20% was normal. In the control group there was only one case of exudate. The inflammation was initially described as intense, but it decreased over time. Myringosclerosis was observed in both groups. The sugarcane biopolymer membrane was absorbed later when compared with fascia. CONCLUSION: The sugarcane biopolymer membrane induced an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear which decreased over time, and mild fibrosis. Future studies can indicate its use in otolaryngology.

Membrana do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar: avaliação experimental na orelha média / Sugarcane biopolymer membrane: experimental evaluation in the middle ear

O desenvolvimento dos biomateriais é importante na cirurgia. O comportamento de uma nova membrana derivada da cana-de-açúcar será avaliado na orelha média do rato. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a interação da membrana do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar na mucosa da orelha do rato. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo experimental, prospectivo e pareado com 24 ratos Wistar. A membrana do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar foi inoculada na orelha média direita e a fáscia autóloga na orelha esquerda. Os ratos foram subdivididos em 3 grupos de 8 e sacrificados com 4, 8 e 12 semanas após a cirurgia. Foi realizada uma análise histológica da mucosa da orelha média e da membrana timpânica. RESULTADOS: Houve reação inflamatória no grupo experimental com exsudato subagudo em 50 por cento dos casos e 30 por cento exsudato crônico; 20 por cento estava normal. A inflamação foi intensa inicialmente, mas diminuiu no decorrer do tempo. No grupo controle houve apenas um caso de exsudato. Miringoesclerose na membrana timpânica foi observada em ambos os grupos. A biomembrana foi absorvida tardiamente em comparação com a fáscia. CONCLUSÕES: A membrana do biopolímero da cana-de-açúcar causou reação inflamatória na orelha média, com regressão no tempo tardio do experimento e fibrose leve. Futuros estudos podem direcionar seu uso na otorrinolaringologia.

New developments on biomaterials are important in surgery. The behavior of a new membrane produced from sugarcane will be evaluated in the middle ear of rats. AIM: This study analyzed the results from the interaction of the sugarcane-base biopolymer membrane in the middle ear of a rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We ran an experimental, prospective, paired study with 24 Wistar rats. The sugarcane-base polymer membrane was inoculated in the right ear; and an autologous fascia in the left ear. The rats were divided in 3 groups of 8, and slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. Histological analyses were performed on the rats' middle ear mucosa and their tympanic membranes. RESULTS: There was an inflammatory reaction on the experimental group and middle ear subacute exudate in 50 percentof the cases; 30 percent chronic exudate; and 20 percent was normal. In the control group there was only one case of exudate. The inflammation was initially described as intense, but it decreased over time. Myringosclerosis was observed in both groups. The sugarcane biopolymer membrane was absorbed later when compared with fascia. CONCLUSION: The sugarcane biopolymer membrane induced an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear which decreased over time, and mild fibrosis. Future studies can indicate its use in otolaryngology.

Granulomatous foreign-body reaction involving oral and perioral tissues after injection of biomaterials: a series of 7 cases and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: Injectable implants used for soft-tissue augmentation may lead to a granulomatous foreign-body reaction. The aim of this report is to present 7 new cases of foreign-body granulomas involving the oral and perioral tissues, after injection of biomaterials to achieve soft-tissue augmentation. In addition, the clinical and epidemiological profile of this condition is summarized, based on a review of the English-language literature of all previously described cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report on 7 new cases of granulomatous foreign-body reaction involving the oral and perioral tissues after the injection of biomaterials. A comprehensive literature review is also presented. RESULTS: The literature search revealed 49 cases of this condition affecting the oral and perioral tissues. Our 7 patients were female, with a mean age of 52.8 years (range, 34 to 70 years). The lower lip was affected in 4 cases, 1 case was located in the upper lip, 1 case in the buccal mucosa, while 1 case involved 2 different sites (upper lip and buccal mucosa). Histopathologic examination revealed numerous cells with clear, often multiple, cytoplasmic vacuoles, bearing a resemblance to lipoblasts. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse positivity for the histiocytic marker CD68. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of granulomatous foreign-body reactions may be challenging because of their microscopic resemblance to liposarcoma, and because of the occasional reluctance of patients to report the previously performed esthetic procedure. A clinical history, histopathologic examination, and immunohistochemical analysis (as needed) are essential in achieving an accurate diagnosis.

Alogenosis iatrogénica. Una nueva enfermedad / A new desease: iatrogenic allogenosis

La necesidad de rellenar arrugas y otras depresiones en la piel ha llevado a la creación de múltiples sustancias inyectables. Los desastrosos resultados producidos por varias de estas sustancias meses o años después de ser inyectados, llevaron al autor a crear el término “Alogenosis Iatrogénica”, pues se trata de una nueva enfermedad que sólo en Ibero Latinoamérica tiene más de un millón de víctimas: “Alogenosis”, porque es producida por sustancias alógenas, es decir, ajenas al organismo e “Iatrogénica”, porque la producen los médicos o las personas que inyectan estas sustancias. Hemos estudiado 358 casos en los últimos 10 años, agrupados y catalogados según las sustancias inyectadas, los síntomas, signos, tiempo de aparición de los mismos, etc. El objetivo era aprender cómo se manejan y tratan sus complicaciones. ya que en ningún libro se encuentra claramente descrita la nueva enfermedad. Las sustancias inyectables de relleno más usadas fueron: silicona líquida, parafina, petrolato líquido, vaselina, “biopolímeros”, aceite mineral, grasa animal, etc. No se incluyeron en el estudio otras sustancias más o menos aceptadas como rellenos biocompatibles (ácido hialurónico, grasa autógena, colágeno bovino tratado, hidroxiapatita, etc.).Las reacciones, que afortunadamente no se presentan en todos los pacientes, aparecieron entre las 6 horas y los 25 años del tratamiento y fueron locales (dolor, eritema, pigmentaciones, edemas, fibrosis, queloides, infecciones, fístulas, necrosis de piel, desplazamiento por gravedad, etc.) y generales (fiebre, dolor generalizado, artralgias, decaimiento, malestar general, aumento de caída del cabello, depresión, etc.). No se encontró relación con enfermedades autoinmunes tales como artritis, dermatomiositis, esclerodermia, etc. Los síntomas y signos se exacerban cada dos o tres meses durante períodos que duran de 1 a 3 semanas y mejoran con o sin tratamiento. El tratamiento es sintomático. Las resecciones quirúrgicas solo deben hacerse en zonas muy limitadas, pues producen depresiones cutáneas y cicatrices retráctiles. Las masas muy grandes no se deben resecar debido a las deformaciones consecuentes. Se debe proteger la piel con sustancias emolientes. El aspecto más importante de este estudio es lo que no debe hacerse: los corticoides locales o generales no sirven y aumentan la atrofia de la piel; las punciones y la liposucción no ayudan, pues las masas son sólidas y fibróticas; los masajes, el ultrasonido y el láser no ayudan y a veces empeoran la situación. En todos los países se deben realizar campañas oficiales de prevención contra estas sustancias (AU)

The need to replenish wrinkles and depressions has enticed the creation of multiplesolid or semi-solid injectable substances. The disastrous results of some of thesehave led me to create the term “Iatrogenic Allogenosis”: “Allogenosis”, because it isproduced by allogenic (foreign) substances. “Iatrogenic”, because we, the physiciansor persons injecting these substances, have caused this disease. Over one million personsin Latin-America have become victims of these substances. Our objective is tolearn how to treat these cases.We have studied 358 cases in a 10-year time span. We have grouped them andtried to reach conclusions. Mostly used substances are: liquid silicon, paraffin, liquidpetrolatum, Vaseline, mineral oil, animal fat, etc. We have not included in thisstudy some substances that have been fairly accepted by surgeons: autogenous fat,bovine collagen, hydroxyapatite, acrylic, hyaluronic acid, etc.Reactions are local and general. The latency period varies from 6 hours to 25years. Local reactions are: pain, erhytema, edema, pigmentations, swelling, fibrosis,keloids, infection, fistulas, necrosis, gravity displacement, etc. The general ones are:fever, arthralgia, general discomfort, we have no find relations with autoimmune diseases(dermatomyositis, scleroderma, etc.).Treatment is symptomatic. Surgical resection has to be very limited because itleaves very notorious scars and retractions. Large masses must not be operated.Liposuction is not effective. Corticoids an massages make the situation even worst.It does not dissolve the masses and does atrophy the normal skin covering them, andthus, underlying masses are more noticeable. Exacerbation may occur every 3 or 4months and will cure wit or without an anti-inflammatory or an antibiotic. An intensepreventive campaign must be launched (AU)