The Study of Geographical Distribution in the Analysis of Domestication as an Evolutionary Process: Tensions in Alphonse de Candolle's Approach.

Interest in the study of domesticated plants increased near the end of the 18th century, mainly because of their economic potential. In the 19th century, there was a new focus on the historical understanding of species, their origin, changes in their distribution, and their evolutionary history. Charles Darwin developed an extended interpretation of species domestication, considering variations, reproduction, inheritance, and modification as standard processes between wild and domesticated organisms. In this context, one relatively neglected aspect was the geographical distribution of domesticated species. Alphonse de Candolle addressed and developed in detail the question of the geographical origin of cultivated plants. Since 1836 Alphonse de Candolle had been studying the topic and obtained evidence that contributed to understanding aspects such as the center of origin, dispersion, competition, selection, and time of domestication. Although Darwin himself admitted that Géographie botanique raisonnée (de Candolle, Alphonse,de. Géographie botanique raisonnée; ou, exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l'epoque actuelle, 2ème tome. Paris: Masson.) was of great help to him in the development of his evolutionary theory, the importance of de Candolle's contribution is seldom recognized. Our purpose is to detail the dialogue between Alphonse de Candolle and Darwin on the geography of domesticated plants, to understand some of the most critical discussions that contributed to the reinterpretation of domestication under the Darwinian proposal of modified descent.

Current challenges for plant biology research in the Global South.

In an attempt to address the large inequities faced by the plant biology communities from the Global South (i.e. countries located around the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere) at international conferences, this Viewpoint is the reflexive thinking arising from the concurrent session titled 'Arabidopsis and its translational research in the Global South' organized at the International Conference of Arabidopsis Research 2023 (ICAR 2023) in Chiba, Japan in June 2023. Here, we highlight the main obstacles plant biology communities in the Global South face in terms of knowledge production, as measured by the unequal production and citation of publications, investigating and advancing local plant genomics and biodiversity, combating disparities in gender and diversity, and current initiatives to break isolation of scientists.

A comprehensive review of Pfaffia glomerata botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and biotechnology.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, Amaranthaceae, is found in South America, mainly in Brazil, where it is considered a species of great medicinal interest owing to its popular use as a tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. These properties can be attributed to the presence of the phytosteroid, 20-Hydroxyecdysone (ß-ecdysone), the main compound found in its roots. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aims to provide information about the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, the phytochemistry, the biological activities, and the biotechnology of P. glomerata, an important species to local communities and groups researching medicinal plants of South America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The information available on P. glomerata was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Scopus) until June 7, 2023, using the search terms "Pfaffia glomerata", "Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen", and "Brazilian ginseng". The review includes studies that evaluated the botanical, ethnopharmacological, and phytochemical aspects, biological properties, nutraceutical uses, and the application of biotechnology for improving the biosynthesis of metabolites of interest. RESULTS: A total of 207 studies were identified, with 81 articles read in full. Seventy-six studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Overall, 40 compounds belonging to different classes are presented in this review, including ecdysteroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Among them, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, coumarins, and alkaloids were only putatively identified. ß-Ecdysone, triterpenes, saponins, and polysaccharides are the chemical components most frequently identified and isolated from P. glomerata and possibly responsible for ethnopharmacological use and the biological activities of this species, with important in vitro and in vivo activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, analgesic, gastroprotective, antioxidant, and prebiotic. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes discussions about the P. glomerata species, highlighting its ethnopharmacological, chemical, biotechnological, and nutraceutical importance. New scientific studies on this species are encouraged in the search for new therapeutic molecules with pharmaceutical potential and nutraceutical applications.

Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud (Apodado Bonpland): médico y naturalista: 250 años de su nacimiento 1773-2023: sus vínculos con el Uruguay / Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud (Apodado Bonpland): physician and naturalist: 250 years of his birth 1773-2023: his links with Uruguay / Aimé Jacques Alexandre Goujaud (Apodado Bonpland): médico e naturalista: 250 anos de seu nascimento 1773-2023: seus vínculos com o Uruguai

Se conmemoran en 2023 los 250 años del nacimiento de Bonpland, francés, médico y naturalista, botánico y viajero, hacendado y político que transitó en el siglo XIX por los cuatro países que hoy integran el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR). En Argentina por Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Corrientes y Misiones; en Uruguay reiteradamente en Montevideo; en Paraguay por Santa María de Fe, Itapúa y Asunción; en Brasil por San Borja en Rio Grande del Sur. Vino al Río de la Plata atraído por promesas que no se cumplieron luego de explorar parte de América con el barón Alexander von Humboldt y encargarse como intendente botánico de los jardines de Malmaison, la residencia de la emperatriz Josefina, primera esposa de Napoleón Bonaparte. No pudo retornar a su patria, Francia y terminó sus días -ya octogenario- en un apartado pueblo correntino, donde hubo que sepultarlo de apuro por carecer de medios de embalsamamiento que permitieran trasladar su cuerpo a la capital provincial.

The year 2023 marks the 250th anniversary of the birth of Bonpland, Frenchman, physician and naturalist, botanist and traveler, landowner and politician who traveled in the 19th century through the four countries that today make up the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). In Argentina, he visited Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and Misiones; in Uruguay, Montevideo; in Paraguay, Santa María de Fe, Itapúa and Asunción; in Brazil, San Borja in Rio Grande do Sul. He came to the Rio de la Plata attracted by promises that were not fulfilled after exploring part of America with Baron Alexander von Humboldt and taking charge as botanical intendant of the gardens of Malmaison, the residence of the Empress Josephine, first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. He could not return to his homeland, France, and ended his days -already an octogenarian- in a remote town of Corrientes, where he had to be buried in a hurry due to the lack of embalming means to transfer his body to the provincial capital.

O ano de 2023 marca o 250º aniversário do nascimento de Bonpland, o francês, médico e naturalista, botânico e viajante, proprietário de terras e político que viajou no século XIX pelos quatro países que hoje formam o Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL). Na Argentina, ele viajou por Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Corrientes e Misiones; no Uruguai, viajou várias vezes para Montevidéu; no Paraguai, para Santa María de Fe, Itapúa e Assunção; no Brasil, para São Borja, no Rio Grande do Sul. Ele veio para o Rio de la Plata atraído por promessas que não foram cumpridas depois de explorar parte da América com o Barão Alexander von Humboldt e assumir o cargo de intendente botânico dos jardins de Malmaison, a residência da Imperatriz Josefina, a primeira esposa de Napoleão Bonaparte. Ele não pôde retornar à sua terra natal, a França, e terminou seus dias - já octogenário - em um vilarejo remoto na província de Corrientes, onde teve que ser enterrado às pressas devido à falta de equipamentos de embalsamamento que permitissem que seu corpo fosse transferido para a capital da província.

Camellia sinensis, a natural product to support the treatment of medical and stomatological conditions / Camellia sinensis, un producto natural de apoyo al tratamiento de afecciones médicas y estomatológicas - revisión sistemática

Introduction: The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in the world. The main components of Camellia sinensis include amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, flavins and purine alkaloids (xanthines). For this reason, in the field of medicine, Camellia sinensis has been used as an anticancer, anxiolytic, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, chemopreventive, cytotoxic and apoptogenic, genoprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, hemato-protective, and in wound healing, among other uses. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the use of C. sinensis as supportive therapy in the treatment of oral disorders. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Academic databases. Articles from studies of Camellia sinensis were reviewed and those from a secondary source, such as literature review articles, were excluded Results: A total of 12 full-text articles were selected for review, in which the properties of Camellia sinensis are detailed. Conclusions: According to the bibliography reviewed, C. sinensis exhibits anticariogenic properties, applications in the treatment of dental erosion, applications in the treatment of gingivitis and bacterial plaque, and applications in the prevention of oral cancer; however, more controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety of use.

Introducción: La planta del té es una de las bebidas no alcohólicas más populares en todo el mundo. Entre los principales componentes de Camellia sinensis tenemos los aminoácidos, ácidos grasos, compuestos fenólicos, flavinas y alcaloides de purina (xantinas). Por ello en medicina, la Camellia sinensis se ha utilizado como anticancerígeno, ansiolítico, antidiabético, antiobesidad, antiinflamatorio, analgésico, antipirético, quimiopreventivo, citotóxico y apoptógeno, genoprotector, hepatoprotector, nefroprotector, hematoprotector, cicatrizantes de heridas, entre otros. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática del uso de C. sinensis como apoyo en el tratamiento de afecciones bucales. Materiales y Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Google Academic. Se revisaron los artículos de estudios de Camellia sinensis y se excluyeron aquellos de fuente secundaria, como los de revisión de la literatura. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 12 artículos de texto completo para la revisión. En los que se detalla las propiedades de la Camellia sinensis. Conclusión: De acuerdo a la bibliografía revisada, la C. sinensis exhibió efecto anticariogénico, aplicación en el tratamiento de la erosión dental, aplicación en el tratamiento de gingivitis y placa bacteriana, y aplicación en la prevención del cáncer bucal, sin embargo, se necesitan realizar más ensayos clínicos controlados que confirmen su efectividad y seguridad de uso.

Del Chamanismo al Galenismo: un acercamiento a la curaduría de la nueva sala permanente del museo de la Academia Nacional de Medicina / From Shamanism to Galenism: an approach to the curatorship of the new permanent room of the museum of the National Academy of Medicine

La nueva sala 'Del Chamanismo Al Galenismo' del Museo Ricardo Rueda González inaugurada en noviembre del año 2022, da inicio al museo con el fin de narrar una historia de la medicina desde el contexto local. Aquí se evidencia la experiencia humana compartida del sufrimiento y la esperanza entendidas como enfermedad y tratamiento que fue representada en el mundo prehispánico, durante la colonia y el en siglo XIX.

The new room 'From Shamanism to Galenism' of the Ricardo Rueda González Museum, inaugurated in November 2022, opens the museum with the aim of narrating a history of medicine from the local context. Here the shared human experience of suffering and hope understood as illness and treatment that was represented in the pre-Hispanic world, during the colony and in the 19th century is evidenced.

Tributo a la vida y obra de Juan Eloy Valenzuela y Mantilla, el primer médico de Bucaramanga / Tribute to the life and work of Juan Eloy Valenzuela y Mantilla, the first physician of Bucaramanga

En este escrito se hace breve mención a la Real Expedición Botánica de la Nueva Granada como escuela de botánica de Eloy Valenzuela, a su mentor, el protomédico gaditano José Celestino Mutis, al protagonismo de Valenzuela en los aspectos sociales de los pobladores de la Villa de Bucaramanga en el siglo XVIII. También se muestran las enfermedades más frecuentes de la época y los remedios con que eran socorridos los pacientes.

This paper does a brief mention of the Royal Botanical Expedition of New Granada as Eloy Valenzuela's school of botany. Shows José Celestino Mutis, the Spanish protomedical mentor of Valenzuela, and describes the Valenzuela's leading role in the social aspects of the inhabitants of the Villa de Bucaramanga in the 18th century. The most frequent diseases of the time and the remedies with which patients were helped are shown.

A Estação Biológica do Alto da Serra: um "tesouro da natureza", 1918-1938 / Alto da Serra Biological Station: a "treasure of nature", 1918-1938

Resumo O artigo explora aspectos da história da Estação Biológica do Alto da Serra, de 1918 a 1938, quando esteve sob a gestão do botânico Frederico Carlos Hoehne. A perspectiva da história das ciências balizou a análise, que considerou as especificidades da Estação Biológica e as distintas formas de pesquisa, circulação e interação. O estudo indica que o propósito de proteção e guarda da natureza articulou-se a um projeto de Nação e vinculou-se a um debate crescente sobre a conservação de áreas verdes. Complementarmente, a análise das práticas científicas demonstra a importância das visitas ao local, estrategicamente divulgadas por Hoehne para conferir credibilidade e angariar apoio à iniciativa.

Abstract This article explores aspects of the history of Alto da Serra Biological Station between 1918 and 1938, when it was under the management of the botanist Frederico Carlos Hoehne. Taking a history of science perspective, the analysis considers details of the biological station and the different forms of research, circulation, and interaction. The study indicates that the purpose of protecting and safeguarding nature was coordinated with a nation-building project and linked to a growing debate about the conservation of green areas. Additionally, the analysis of the scientific practices demonstrates the importance of visits to the site, which were strategically communicated by Hoehne to lend the initiative credibility and garner support.

Legados de la audacia: Caldas, Humboldt y el conocimiento sobre las quinas, 1801-1821 / Legacies of boldness: Caldas, Humboldt and knowledge about cinchonas, 1801-1821

Resumen El artículo reflexiona sobre la circulación de conocimiento en torno a las plantas de quina. Francisco José de Caldas y Alexander von Humboldt se interesaron por su taxonomía, distribución, comercio, explotación, producción y conservación. Las observaciones del primero fueron mejores, pero sus aportes fueron silenciados por el segundo y por otros actores como José Celestino Mutis. Caldas cambió desde una posición pasiva y de aceptada subalternidad, hasta una de reclamo, pero sus argumentos no tuvieron mayor difusión, en parte porque sus resultados no favorecían intereses comerciales y carecía de redes. Caldas usó dispositivos similares a los de Humboldt para apropiar y sistematizar conocimientos sobre las quinas, silenciando a varias fuentes.

Abstract This article examines the circulation of knowledge about Cinchona plants. Francisco José de Caldas and Alexander von Humboldt were interested in their taxonomy, distribution, trade, exploitation, production and conservation. The former's observations were better, but his contributions were silenced by Humboldt and other actors such as José Celestino Mutis. Caldas changed from a passive position of accepted subordination to one of self-advocacy, but his arguments were not widely publicized, in part because his results did not favor commercial interests and he lacked connections. Caldas used similar techniques to Humboldt to appropriate and systematize knowledge about cinchonas, silencing various sources.

Colecciones botánicas ex situ y su importancia para la salud / Ex situ botanical collections and their importance for health

Las colecciones botánicas ex situ, como jardines botánicos, herbarios, banco de semillas y bancos de germoplasma, promueven el desarrollo de estrategias para la preservación y cuidado de la diversidad florística, que está relacionado directamente con la salud y alimentación del hombre, permitiendo comprender la importancia de los recursos naturales y el valor agregado que puede ser comprendido mediante la investigación y difusión de su valor.

Conocimiento ancestral de plantas medicinales en la comunidad de Sahuangal, parroquia Pacto, Pichincha, Ecuador / Ancestral knowledge of medicinal plants in the community of Sahuangal, Pacto parish, Pichincha, Ecuador / Conhecimento ancestral de plantas medicinais na comunidade de Sahuangal, freguesia de Pacto, Pichincha, Ecuador

Uno de los factores de gran importancia para la supervivencia y perpetuación de la humanidad ha sido el conocimiento y uso de plantas medicinales como medicamentos herbarios. En el presente estudio de caso se identificó los conocimientos ancestrales de los recursos botánicos de la parroquia Rural de Sahuangal, ubicada al noroccidente de Pichincha, Ecuador. La recolección de información se realizó a través de visitas técnicas, talleres participativos, entrevistas y encuestas a los pobladores de esta comunidad quienes ayudaron a identificar 23 plantas medicinales de uso comunitario. Los habitantes de la comunidad de Sahuangal, en especial los abuelos y las mujeres mayores del hogar cuentan con un amplio conocimiento sobre plantas a las cuales les atribuyen propiedades curativas mismas que son empleadas para tratar diferentes padecimientos o enfermedades.

One of the factors of great importance for the survival and perpetuation of humanity has been the knowledge and use of medicinal plants as herbal medicines. In the present case study, the ancestral knowledge of the botanical resources of the Rural parish of Sahuangal, located northwest of Pichincha, Ecuador, was identified. The information collection was carried out through technical visits, participatory workshops, interviews and surveys with the inhabitants of this community who helped identify 23 medicinal plants for community use. The inhabitants of the Sahuangal community, especially the grandparents and elderly women of the household, have extensive knowledge about plants to which they attribute healing properties that are used to treat different ailments or diseases.

Um dos fatores de grande importância para a sobrevivência e perpetuação da humanidade tem sido o conhecimento e a utilização das plantas medicinais como fitoterápicos. No presente estudo de caso, foi identificado o conhecimento ancestral dos recursos botânicos da freguesia Rural de Sahuangal, localizada a noroeste de Pichincha, Equador. A coleta de informações foi realizada por meio de visitas técnicas, oficinas participativas, entrevistas e pesquisas com moradores dessa comunidade que ajudaram a identificar 23 plantas medicinais para uso comunitário. Os habitantes da comunidade Sahuangal, especialmente os avós e as mulheres idosas da casa, têm amplo conhecimento sobre as plantas às quais atribuem propriedades curativas que são usadas para tratar diferentes doenças ou enfermidades.

From settlements to the botanical garden: the appropriation of plants used by indigenous peoples in the captaincy of Guayases, 1772-1806. / Dos aldeamentos ao horto botânico: a apropriação de plantas de uso indígena na capitania de Guayases, 1772-1806.

The article intends to contribute to the history of science, indigenous history and the history of Portuguese America. We begin with the methodological assumptions of Dominique Pestre and the historiography on Portuguese America to investigate a network of indigenous settlements, the work of civil servants with naturalist knowledge, the shipment of botanical species for analysis in Portugal and, finally, the foundation of a botanical garden in the captaincy of Guayases (Goiás) from 1772 to 1806. We describe the indigenous contribution to the construction of natural history knowledge, and discuss the influence of Enlightenment concepts on the reform of the Portuguese colonial system in the captaincy based on Portuguese administrative documentation, letters and study of the application of laws and instructions.

O artigo pretende contribuir com a história das ciências, a história indígena e a história da América portuguesa. Parte-se dos pressupostos metodológicos de Dominique Pestre e da historiografia sobre a América portuguesa para interrogar a existência de uma rede de aldeamentos indígenas, a atuação de funcionários com saberes naturalistas, o envio de espécies botânicas para análise em Portugal e, por fim, a fundação de um horto botânico na capitania de Guayases (Goiás) entre 1772 e 1806. Apresenta-se a contribuição indígena na construção dos conhecimentos da história natural e discutem-se as influências de concepções da Ilustração na reforma do sistema colonial português na capitania a partir de documentação administrativa portuguesa, cartas e do estudo da aplicação de leis e instruções.

El cannabidiol y sus indicaciones en psiquiatría / Cannabidiol and its indications in psychiatry / Canabidiol e suas indicações em psiquiatria

Esta revisión abarca la historia, el origen, la síntesis biológica del cannabidiol (CBD), su interacción con el sistema de cannabinoides endógenos, las presentaciones para uso clínico, su farmacocinética, tolerabilidad y la evidencia actual de los usos en psiquiatría. Además del origen de su nombre y las precisiones de la taxonomía botánica de la cannabis, es de interés conocer a partir de estudios de polen fósil la cronología y ruta que siguió ancestralmente hasta la llegada a Europa y cómo allí se inició su estudio con la idea de introducirla en la farmacopea del momento y como modelo de estudio de trastornos cerebrales como las psicosis. Jacques Joseph Moreau de Tours (1804-1884), psiquiatra francés, la usó en forma de hachís y propició el consumo experimental por intelectuales de la época. Basado en la presunción de que intelectuales e individuos con una educación eran sujetos de estudio que podían proveer relatos más detallados y floridos de las experiencias vividas bajo sus efectos, Moreau de Tours concibió por primera vez que los efectos de la cannabis eran un paradigma experimental para el estudio de las psicosis. Luego experimentó su uso terapéutico con resultados negativos. En el caso del CBD, extraído de la cannabis, la psiquiatría contemporánea podría vislumbrar resultados más promisorios a través de la investigación clínica en diferentes indicaciones

This review covers the history, origin, and biological synthesis of Cannabidiol (CBD), together with its interaction with the endogenous cannabinoid system, its options for clinical use, its pharmacokinetics, its tolerability, and current evidence for indications in psychiatry. In addition to the origin of its name and the details of the botanical taxonomy of cannabis, it is a matter of interest to review fossil pollen studies to help us trace the chronology and route that it followed until it got to be known in Europe, and how was included in the pharmacological studies of the time, with the aim to use it as a model for studying brain disorders such as psychoses. French psychiatrist Jacques Joseph Moreau de Tours (1804-1884) used it in the form of hashish and encouraged its experimental consumption by intellectuals and famous artists of the time, who were then asked to provide detailed descriptions of their experiences under the effects of cannabis. Moreau de Tours was the first to conceive that the effects of cannabis were an experimental paradigm for the study of psychoses. He went on to experiment its therapeutic use with negative results. In the case of CBD, extracted from cannabis, contemporary psychiatry could foresee more promising results in its therapeutic effects through clinical research in different indications.

Esta revisão cobre a história, origem, síntese biológica do canabidiol (CBD), sua interação com o sistema canabinoide endógeno, apresentações para uso clínico, sua farmacocinética, tolerabilidade e evidências atuais de uso em psiquiatria. Além da origem do seu nome e dos detalhes da taxonomia botânica da cannabis, é interessante saber pelos estudos do pólen fóssil a cronologia e o percurso que ele percorreu ancestralmente até chegar à Europa e como começou seu estudo com a ideia lá para introduzi-lo na farmacopeia do momento e como um modelo para estudar distúrbios cerebrais como as psicoses. Jacques Joseph Moreau de Tours (1804-1884), psiquiatra francês, utilizou-o na forma de haxixe e estimulou o consumo experimental pelos intelectuais da época. Com base na suposição de que intelectuais e indivíduos educados eram sujeitos de estudo que poderiam fornecer relatos mais detalhados e floreados de experiências sob sua influência, Moreau de Tours primeiro concebeu que os efeitos da cannabis eram um paradigma experimental para o estudo das psicoses. Ele então experimentou seu uso terapêutico com resultados negativos. No caso do CBD, extraído da cannabis, a psiquiatria contemporânea poderia ver resultados mais promissores por meio de pesquisas clínicas em diferentes indicações.

Dos aldeamentos ao horto botânico: a apropriação de plantas de uso indígena na capitania de Guayases, 1772-1806 / From settlements to the botanical garden: the appropriation of plants used by indigenous peoples in the captaincy of Guayases, 1772-1806

Resumo O artigo pretende contribuir com a história das ciências, a história indígena e a história da América portuguesa. Parte-se dos pressupostos metodológicos de Dominique Pestre e da historiografia sobre a América portuguesa para interrogar a existência de uma rede de aldeamentos indígenas, a atuação de funcionários com saberes naturalistas, o envio de espécies botânicas para análise em Portugal e, por fim, a fundação de um horto botânico na capitania de Guayases (Goiás) entre 1772 e 1806. Apresenta-se a contribuição indígena na construção dos conhecimentos da história natural e discutem-se as influências de concepções da Ilustração na reforma do sistema colonial português na capitania a partir de documentação administrativa portuguesa, cartas e do estudo da aplicação de leis e instruções.

Abstract The article intends to contribute to the history of science, indigenous history and the history of Portuguese America. We begin with the methodological assumptions of Dominique Pestre and the historiography on Portuguese America to investigate a network of indigenous settlements, the work of civil servants with naturalist knowledge, the shipment of botanical species for analysis in Portugal and, finally, the foundation of a botanical garden in the captaincy of Guayases (Goiás) from 1772 to 1806. We describe the indigenous contribution to the construction of natural history knowledge, and discuss the influence of Enlightenment concepts on the reform of the Portuguese colonial system in the captaincy based on Portuguese administrative documentation, letters and study of the application of laws and instructions.

In Vitro Calli Production Resulted in Different Profiles of Plant-Derived Medicinal Compounds in Phyllanthus amarus.

The efficient production of plant-derived medicinal compounds (PDMCs) from in vitro plants requires improvements in knowledge about control of plant or organ development and factors affecting the biosynthesis pathway of specific PDMCs under in vitro conditions, leading to a realistic large-scale tool for in vitro secondary metabolite production. Thus, this study aimed to develop an in vitro technique, through the induction and proliferation of calli, for production of plant fresh weight, and to compare the PDMC profile obtained from the plants versus in vitro calli of Phyllanthus amarus. It was successfully possible to obtain and proliferate two types of calli, one with a beige color and a friable appearance, obtained in the dark using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and a second type with a green color, rigid consistency, and nonfriable appearance obtained under light conditions and MS medium plus 6-benzyladenine (6-BA). In vitro micropropagated plants that gave rise to calli were also acclimatized in a greenhouse and cultivated until obtaining the mass for PDMC analysis and used as a control. While the micropropagated-derived plants concentrated the lignans niranthin, nirtetralin, and phyllanthin, the Phyllanthus amarus calli proliferated in vitro concentrated a completely different biochemical profile and synthesis of compounds, such as betulone, squalene, stigmasterol, and ß-sitosterol, in addition to others not identified by GC-MS database. These results demonstrate the possibility of applying the calli in vitro from Phyllanthus amarus for production of important PDMCs unlike those obtained in cultures of differentiated tissues from field plants.

Effect of light and sucrose on photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic micropropagation of Physalis angulata / Efeito da luz e sacarose na micropropagação fotoautotrófica e fotomixotrófica de Physalis angulata

The biotechnological interest in genus Physalis has increased in the last decades, however, there are still few micropropagation studies of this genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate P. angulata photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic micropropagation with gas exchange under seven light spectra and five concentrations of sucrose. Lighting were yellow, blue, white, red, green, red + blue LEDs and natural light filtered by mesh. Sucrose concentrations were 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 g.L-1. Phytotechnical, anatomical features and photopigment contents were evaluated through stem and root segment length, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoids, adaxial epidermis, palisadic and spongy parenchyma and abaxial epidermis. The data were compared by Scott-Knott's mean test and principal components analysis using the R software. Comparing the variables within lighting types, it was observed that only the screen treatment, screen-filtered natural illumination, obtained assessment in all variables. Comparing the levels of sucrose, it was observed that the treatment 15 g.L-1 sucrose obtained the highest number of averages with maximum evaluation. It was concluded that the natural light filtered by screen with 50% of shading allowed the photoautotrophic micropropagation of P. angulata. Better development results were observed in photomixotrophic micropropagation with 15 g.L-1 of sucrose.

O interesse biotecnológico em Physalis aumentou nas últimas décadas, porém, ainda existem poucos trabalhos de micropropagação desse gênero. Objetivou-se avaliar sua micropropagação fotoautotrófica e fotomixotrófica com troca gasosa sob sete tipos de iluminação e cinco concentrações de sacarose. Foram utilizados LEDs amarelo, azul, branco, vermelho, verde, vermelho + azul e luz natural filtrada por malha. As concentrações de sacarose foram 0, 7,5, 15, 22,5 e 30 g.L-1. Características fitotécnicas, anatômicas e teor de fotopigmentos foram avaliados através de comprimento de segmento de caule e raíz, número de folhas, área foliar, teores de clorofilas a e b, carotenoides, epiderme adaxial, parênquimas paliçádico e esponjoso e epiderme abaxial. Os dados foram comparados por teste de média Scott-Knott e análise de componentes principais utilizando-se o software R. Comparando-se as variáveis dentro de tipos de iluminação, observou-se que apenas o tratamento screen, iluminação natural filtrada por malha, obteve avaliação máxima em todas as variáveis. Comparando-se os níveis de sucrose, observou-se que o tratamento 15 g.L-1 sacarose obteve o maior número de médias com avaliação máxima. Concluiu-se que a luz natural filtrada por tela com 50% de sombreamento permitiu a micropropagação fotoautotrófica de P. angulata. Observou-se melhores resultados de desenvolvimento na micropropagação fotomixotrófica com 15 g.L-1 de sacarose.

Persea spp*: inventário de referências / Persea spp*: REFERENCE INVENTORY

Produto que inclui buscas na literatura para contabilizar e categorizar estudos.

Artefactos, saberes y prácticas científico-educativas de la farmacobotánica argentina (siglo XIX y XX) Nuevas miradas sobre las colecciones históricas del Museo de Farmacobotánica "Juan Aníbal Domínguez" de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / Artifacts, knowledge and scientific-educational practices of Argentine pharmacobotany (XIX and XX centuries) New views on the historical collections of the Museum of Pharmacobotany "Juan Aníbal Domínguez" of the University of Buenos Aires

Este artículo presenta los avances de investigación del proyecto postdoctoral "Artefactos, saberes y prácticas científico-educativas: el caso de la enseñanza de la farmacobotánica argentina (1900-1940)" iniciado en el ámbito de la Cátedra y Museo de Farmacobotánica de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Su objeto de estudio es la cultura material de las ciencias en relación con las prácticas científico-educativas y la circulación del conocimiento de la botánica aplicada a la farmacia y la medicina en el marco de la creación de nuevos espacios de formación científica y de investigación en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En este trabajo se analizará esta interrelación a través de documentos históricos, libros especializados y artefactos científicos de la época, que componen el actual patrimonio científico del Museo de Farmacobotánica. Las colecciones históricas de este Museo revisten un alto grado de interés como fuentes primarias, tanto para la historia institucional, como para la historia de las ciencias y de la educación argentina en el ámbito de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.