Enantioanalysis of (-)butaclamol using vancomycin and teicoplanin as chiral selectors.

Butaclamol is an antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia. The macrocyclic antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin, are proposed as chiral selectors for the design of the enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes (EPMEs) for the assay of (-)butaclamol. The slopes of the electrodes are near-Nernstian for the assay of (-) butaclamol with linear concentration ranges between 10(-10) and 10(-7) mol/L and between 10(-9) and 10(-7) mol/L for vancomycin and teicoplanin based EPMEs. Limits of detections varied. The electrodes were used reliably for the enantioanalysis of (-) butaclamol in serum samples.

Chiral analysis of butaclamol enantiomers in human plasma by HPLC using a macrocyclic antibiotic (vancomycin) chiral stationary phase and solid phase extraction.

An enantioseparation of the antipsychotic drug butaclamol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with solid phase extraction is presented. The separation was achieved on the vancomycin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase (CSP) Chirobiotic V with a polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consisting of methanol : glacial acetic acid : triethylamine (100:0.2:0.05, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 262 nm. Bond Elut C18 solid phase extraction cartridges were used in the sample preparation of butaclamol samples from plasma. The method was validated over the range of 100-3,000 ng/ml for each enantiomer concentration (R(2) > 0.999). Recoveries for (+)- and (-)-butaclamol were in the range of 94-104% at the 300-2,500 ng/ml level. The method proved to be precise (within-run precision ranged from 1.1-2.6% and between-run precision ranged from 1.9-3.2%) and accurate (within-run accuracies ranged from 1.5-5.8% and between-run accuracies ranged from 2.7-7.7%). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) for each enantiomer in human plasma were 100 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml, respectively.

An NMR and theoretical study of the conformation and internal flexibility of butaclamol hydrochloride.

A theoretical (MM2) and experimental (1H and 13C NMR) study of butaclamol hydrochloride in CDCl3 has been done in order to determine preferred conformations and internal molecular flexibility of this molecule. The theoretical calculations suggest the presence of four low-energy conformations, two of which involve a trans junction of the D and E rings, with the other two involving a cis I ring junction. An alternative cis junction (cis II) was excluded on energetic grounds. The 1H NMR data strongly suggest the presence of a trans D-E ring junction and are consistent with a chair conformation of the E ring. 13C spin-lattice relaxation time measurements show that most of the molecule is rigid, although there is some degree of mobility in the seven-membered B ring, associated with rapid flipping of the bridging C8 and C9 carbons between two skewed conformations, which have previously been referred to as conformer A and conformer B (Laus et al. Heterocycles 1984, 22, 311).

NMR studies of the conformational interconversion of butaclamol in solution.

1H NMR experiments at 300 MHz have been carried out to determine the identity and study the interconversion of two conformations of butaclamol in solution. The hydrochloride salt in DMSO exists as an equilibrium mixture of two conformations, which differ in their stereochemistry about the ring junction that contains the single nitrogen atom in butaclamol. The trans form has a relative population of 80% and the cis I form 20%. In CDCl3 only the trans form is observed, while in CDCl3-DMSO mixtures, both forms are detected in a ratio (trans:cis I) that decreases as the percentage of CDCl3 decreases. For the free base in either CD2Cl2 or DMSO, only a single set of resonances is observed at room temperature, but as temperature is lowered, peaks from methine protons H4a and H13b near the ring junction broaden and (for samples in CD2Cl2) eventually split into two resonances corresponding to the cis and trans forms. It is suggested that nitrogen inversion is the dynamic process responsible for the interconversion of the two forms. Line shape analysis as a function of temperature yielded an energy barrier of 9.6 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol for the interconversion, in good agreement with values obtained from saturation transfer experiments. In the hydrochloride salt, the barrier in DMSO was somewhat higher, i.e., 17.3 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol, as determined by saturation transfer and variable-temperature measurements.