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1.
Microvasc Res ; 147: 104491, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36709858

RESUMO

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) barrier dysfunction and proinflammatory cytokine influx into lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary oedema. Ceramide overproduction is an important mediator of pulmonary hyperinflammation and pulmonary oedema in Acute lung injury (ALI). Ceramides induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation are essential for the hyperinflammatory response. However, the roles and specific mechanisms of ceramide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokine manufacturing and PMVECs barrier dysfunction in ALI are unclear. Herein, pretreatment with the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) inhibitor imipramine (but not a neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) inhibitor or de novo pathway inhibitor) significantly inhibited ceramide early production in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI; Furthermore, the Txnip/NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased PMVECs permeability and lung injury were significantly decreased. Verapamil, a Txnip inhibitor, substantially inhibited Txnip/NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased PMVECs permeability and lung injury in rats with C8-ceramide-induced ALI. In vitro, short hairpin RNA-mediated Txnip silencing significantly inhibited C8-ceramide-induced Txnip/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NR8383 alveolar macrophages (AMs) and early secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß (4-12 h) as well as IL-6 and TNF-α at subsequent times (later than 12 h). However, C8-ceramide significantly increased the early secretion (within 8 h) of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in a co-culture model of NR8383 AMs and PMVECs, and Txnip silencing of NR8383 AMs inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced cytoskeletal rearrangements, intercellular connection breakage and hyperpermeability in PMVECs. Overall, our results suggest that in LPS-induced ALI, ceramide-mediated Txnip/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NR8383 AMs leads to early IL-1ß release, subsequently inducing PMVECs injury and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, ultimately leading to PMVECs barrier dysfunction and ALI.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda , Edema Pulmonar , Ratos , Animais , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/efeitos adversos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Interleucina-6 , Citocinas/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular
2.
Clin Immunol ; 246: 109212, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36563946

RESUMO

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Lipids play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response. However, the alteration of lipids involved in psoriasis particular in skin lesions remain unclear. Here, we performed the lipidomics to investigate lipid profiling in the skin lesions of the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and psoriasis patients. The findings showed that ceramides phosphate (CerP) and ceramides were enriched in psoriatic lesions compared with controls from both psoriasis patients and psoriasis-like mouse model. Psoriasis patients were classified into two subtypes, the CC1 and CC2, by consensus clustering of these lipid signatures. The CC1 was characterized by the higher levels of CerP, uric acid, and more severe psoriasis, compared with CC2 subtype. Interestingly, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), dramatically enriched in CC1 subtype, facilitated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, C1P induced the expression of inflammatory factors and activated DNA replication and cell cycle signaling pathways in the primary keratinocytes. Inhibiting the production of C1P with ceramide kinase inhibitor effectively alleviated the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Taken together, we described the landscape of lipids alteration and established lipids classification based on pattern of abundance of lipids in psoriatic skin lesions. Suppression of C1P pathway is a novel potential strategy for psoriasis treatment.


Assuntos
Lipidômica , Psoríase , Animais , Camundongos , Imiquimode/farmacologia , Pele/patologia , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Queratinócitos , Inflamação/patologia , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Lipídeos/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
3.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 74(9): 1342-1352, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35355075

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Oral or subcutaneous methotrexate (MTX) is a first-line antipsoriatic treatment, whose adverse effects can be observed even at low doses. To minimize systemic side effects, antipsoriatic drugs should be administered topically, since they could permeate the stratum corneum. As liquid crystals with lamellar phase (LP) can be helpful in promoting skin permeation, this work evaluated two MTX-loaded LPs (C1CH and C1CHCE), based on stearic acid, cholesterol and ceramides, like topical treatments for mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis. METHODS: C1CH and C1CHCE were topically administered to mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Dexamethasone cream was used as positive treatment control. Skin histology and inflammation biomarkers were assessed. KEY FINDINGS: C1CH and C1CHCE exhibited marked immunomodulatory effects and induced extensive microstructural skin remodelling on the epidermis and dermis. These formulations increased keratinization score, epidermis thickness, inflammatory infiltrate, hair follicle hypertrophy and vascular congestion in the dermis. C1CH and C1CHCE also attenuated IL-10 upregulation and upregulated IL-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 levels, as well as myeloperoxidase, N-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidase and cyclooxygenase 2 activity compared with untreated psoriatic animals. CONCLUSION: Although liquid crystals have been reported as good options for carrying topical drugs, they need to be carefully assessed on a case-by-case basis.


Assuntos
Metotrexato , Psoríase , Animais , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Colesterol , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imiquimode/efeitos adversos , Metotrexato/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Psoríase/induzido quimicamente , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Psoríase/patologia , Pele , Tensoativos/farmacologia
5.
J Oleo Sci ; 70(3): 417-430, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33658470

RESUMO

Ceramide plays an important role in maintaining the skin barrier function. Aging and atopic dermatitis are known to reduce the levels of ceramide. Application of exogenous ceramide to the skin can restore the barrier function. In recent years, the effect of oral intake of ceramide has been demonstrated to improve the skin barrier function, and it has been marketed as a food supplement. Therefore, it is important to provide information on the safety of unintentional overdose of ceramide. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 30 healthy adults, aged between 20 and 60 years of age (both female and male). The subjects consumed either dietary supplement, comprising 1197 mg of acetic acid bacteria containing 9.06 mg of ceramide, or placebo for four consecutive weeks. Safety was evaluated based on physical measurements, blood test, urinalysis, adverse events, and side effects. The results showed several significant differences in physical measures and blood tests between the two groups. However, these differences were considered to be unrelated to the intake of the ceramide-containing acetic acid bacteria or placebo. Thus, no adverse effects or clinically concerning changes in physical, blood, and urine parameters were observed due to the excessive intake of the ceramide-containing acetic acid bacteria in the present study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000035481.


Assuntos
Ácido Acético , Bactérias , Ceramidas/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Administração Oral , Adulto , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segurança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
6.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 171: 108606, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33310119

RESUMO

AIMS: To explore associations between ceramides in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); and interactions between ceramides and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolites for GDM. METHODS: We organized a 1:1 nested case-control study (n = 486) from a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Conditional logistic regression and additive interaction were performed to examine relationships between ceramides and TMAO metabolites for GDM. We defined trimethylamine (TMA) conversion ratio (TMAR) as TMA/its precursors and TMAO conversion ratio (TMAOR) as TMAO/TMA. Copresence of high TMAR and low TMAOR indicated TMA accumulation status. RESULTS: High ceramides 18:0 (per SD), 18:1 (per SD) and low ceramide 24:0 (≤ 3.60 nmol/mL) were associated with increased GDM risk (OR: 1.69, 1.72 & 3.59, respectively). High TMA enhanced the OR of low ceramide 24:0 for GDM from 1.53 (95%CI: 0.88-2.66) to 10.3 (2.83-37.5), high TMAR enhanced it from 1.31 (0.67-2.56) to 24.3 (6.57-89.5) and TMA accumulation enhanced it from 1.42 (0.72-2.77) to 25.5 (6.80-95.7), with all additive interactions being significant. However, the interactions between high ceramide 18 and TMAO metabolites were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: High ceramides 18:0, 18:1 and low ceramide 24:0 in early pregnancy were associated with increased GDM risk. Notably, TMA accumulation greatly amplified the risk-promoting effect of low ceramide 24:0 for GDM.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Gestacional/etiologia , Metilaminas/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 11: 569250, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33133017

RESUMO

Metabolic dysfunction is intertwined with the pathophysiology of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recently, one particular lipid class has been shown to influence the development and sustainment of these diseases: ceramides. As a subtype of sphingolipids, these species are particularly central to many sphingolipid pathways. Increased levels of ceramides are known to correlate with impaired cardiovascular and metabolic health. Furthermore, the interaction between ceramides and adipokines, most notably adiponectin and leptin, appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Adiponectin appears to counteract the detrimental effects of elevated ceramides, largely through activation of the ceramidase activity of its receptors. Elevated ceramides appear to worsen leptin resistance, which is an important phenomenon in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome.


Assuntos
Adipocinas/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Ceramidas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia
8.
Int J Toxicol ; 39(3_suppl): 5S-25S, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33203269

RESUMO

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of ceramides, which function in cosmetics primarily as hair-conditioning agents and skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous. The Panel considered relevant data related to these ingredients. The Panel concluded that ceramides were safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.


Assuntos
Ceramidas , Cosméticos , Animais , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Ceramidas/química , Ceramidas/toxicidade , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Cosméticos/efeitos adversos , Cosméticos/química , Cosméticos/toxicidade , Humanos , Ratos , Testes de Toxicidade
9.
Diabetes Metab J ; 44(2): 222-233, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32347024

RESUMO

Impaired ß-cell function is the key pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic exposure of nutrient excess could lead to this tragedy. For preserving ß-cell function, it is essential to understand the cause and mechanisms about the progression of ß-cells failure. Glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and glucolipotoxicity have been suggested to be a major cause of ß-cell dysfunction for decades, but not yet fully understood. Fatty acid translocase cluster determinant 36 (CD36), which is part of the free fatty acid (FFA) transporter system, has been identified in several tissues such as muscle, liver, and insulin-producing cells. Several studies have reported that induction of CD36 increases uptake of FFA in several cells, suggesting the functional interplay between glucose and FFA in terms of insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism. However, we do not currently know the regulating mechanism and physiological role of CD36 on glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic ß-cells. Also, the downstream and upstream targets of CD36 related signaling have not been defined. In the present review, we will focus on the expression and function of CD36 related signaling in the pancreatic ß-cells in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (ceramide) along with the clinical studies on the association between CD36 and metabolic disorders.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Antígenos CD36/sangue , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Ceramidas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/toxicidade , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina/fisiologia , Lipídeos/toxicidade , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais
10.
J Cell Mol Med ; 24(1): 539-553, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31743567

RESUMO

Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)-derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg /SMcre mice with SMC-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg /SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg /SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co-localization of lysosome marker (Lamp-1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome-MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg /SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg /SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome-MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi -treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/patologia , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/metabolismo , Calcificação Vascular/patologia , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/patologia , Aorta/fisiopatologia , Vesículas Extracelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fenótipo , Calcificação Vascular/fisiopatologia , Rigidez Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitamina D/farmacologia
11.
Obesity (Silver Spring) ; 27(3): 444-453, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30724038

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Accelerated transmembrane transport of long-chain fatty acids dependent on fatty acid transporters is responsible for lipid accumulation and, eventually, the development of metabolic syndrome. This study determined the content of lipids (ceramide [CER], diacylglycerol [DAG], triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid [FFA]) and the expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue of women with morbid obesity without metabolic syndrome (MetSx-) or with metabolic syndrome (MetSx+) and compared the results with those of lean controls without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Lipid content and fatty acid composition in each lipid subclass were estimated by gas liquid chromatography. For total, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial expression of fatty acid transporters, subfractionation with subsequent Western blot technique was used. RESULTS: A greater content of triacylglycerol in VAT of participants with obesity (MetSx-) was found. However, only the MetSx+ subjects had increased content of CER in VAT in relation to subcutaneous adipose tissue in MetSx+ and lean individuals. This was accompanied by increased total and membrane expression of FAT/CD36 in VAT in MetSx+ subjects. Accordingly, mitochondrial expression of FAT/CD36 and plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein was decreased in both groups of subjects with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is associated with the accumulation of CER in VAT, possibly related to increased FAT/CD36 protein expression.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ceramidas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(3)2019 01 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30678043

RESUMO

Insulin-resistance is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Skeletal muscles are quantitatively the biggest glucose users in response to insulin and are considered as main targets in development of insulin-resistance. It is now clear that circulating fatty acids (FA), which are highly increased in T2D, play a major role in the development of muscle insulin-resistance. In healthy individuals, excess FA are stored as lipid droplets in adipocytes. In situations like obesity and T2D, FA from lipolysis and food are in excess and eventually accumulate in peripheral tissues. High plasma concentrations of FA are generally associated with increased risk of developing diabetes. Indeed, ectopic fat accumulation is associated with insulin-resistance; this is called lipotoxicity. However, FA themselves are not involved in insulin-resistance, but rather some of their metabolic derivatives, such as ceramides. Ceramides, which are synthetized de novo from saturated FA like palmitate, have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the deterioration of insulin sensitivity in muscle cells. This review describes the latest progress involving ceramides as major players in the development of muscle insulin-resistance through the targeting of selective actors of the insulin signaling pathway.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/metabolismo , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Células Musculares/metabolismo , Esfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Animais , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Células Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais , Esfingolipídeos/sangue
13.
Cell Rep ; 26(1): 1-10.e7, 2019 01 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30605666

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle accumulates ceramides in obesity, which contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. However, it remained unclear which distinct ceramide species in this organ contributes to instatement of systemic insulin resistance. Here, ceramide profiling of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals revealed increased skeletal muscle C18:0 ceramide content, concomitant with increased expression of ceramide synthase (CerS)1. Mice lacking CerS1, either globally or specifically in skeletal muscle (CerS1ΔSkM), exhibit reduced muscle C18:0 ceramide content and significant improvements in systemic glucose homeostasis. CerS1ΔSkM mice exhibit improved insulin-stimulated suppression of hepatic glucose production, and lack of CerS1 in skeletal muscle improves systemic glucose homeostasis via increased release of Fgf21 from skeletal muscle. In contrast, muscle-specific deficiency of C16:0 ceramide-producing CerS5 and CerS6 failed to protect mice from obesity-induced insulin resistance. Collectively, these results reveal the tissue-specific function of distinct ceramide species during the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Esfingosina N-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos
14.
Skin Res Technol ; 25(2): 179-186, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30387538

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ostomy barriers are adhesive devices designed to hold pouching systems to the abdomen and protect the peristomal skin from stoma effluent. The objective of this study was to determine differences in the extent of skin trauma resulting from serially applying and removing two types of ostomy barriers. METHODS: The study was a randomized, prospective, repeated measure trial involving healthy volunteers. The ostomy skin barriers were applied to the abdomen and changed every 3-4 days over a 17-day period. Skin observations (erythema, stripping, edge irritation and overall comparisons) were completed by a trained (blinded) observer. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were completed by a separate (blinded) technician. TEWL was measured in a designated site and again in the most visually traumatized location at termination. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the two test devices in all assessments but visual observation of erythema. Highly significant differences in TEWL were found between the test products when measured at termination from the most visually traumatized sites. CONCLUSIONS: The ostomy barrier with ceramide was significantly less disruptive to the epidermis than the ostomy barrier without ceramide. TEWL measurements were more sensitive to changes in the barrier function of the skin than visual observation of erythema.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Eritema/patologia , Estomia/efeitos adversos , Pele/lesões , Adesivos/efeitos adversos , Adesivos/classificação , Adulto , Epiderme/lesões , Epiderme/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estomia/enfermagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Pele/patologia , Perda Insensível de Água/fisiologia
15.
Cell Death Dis ; 9(3): 298, 2018 02 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29463805

RESUMO

Mitochondria are in a constant balance of fusing and dividing in response to cellular cues. Fusion creates healthy mitochondria, whereas fission results in removal of non-functional organelles. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics typify several human diseases. However, the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by placental cell autophagy and death, remains unknown. Herein, we show that the mitochondrial dynamic balance in preeclamptic placentae is tilted toward fission (increased DRP1 expression/activation and decreased OPA1 expression). Increased phosphorylation of DRP1 (p-DRP1) in mitochondrial isolates from preeclamptic placentae and transmission electron microscopy corroborated augmented mitochondrial fragmentation in cytotrophoblast cells of PE placentae. Increased fission was accompanied by build-up of ceramides (CERs) in mitochondria from preeclamptic placentae relative to controls. Treatment of human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells and primary isolated cytrophoblast cells with CER 16:0 enhanced mitochondrial fission. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments showed that Bcl-2 member BOK, whose expression is increased by CER, positively regulated p-DRP1/DRP1 and MFN2 expression, and localized mitochondrial fission events to the ER/MAM compartments. We also identified that the BH3 and transmembrane domains of BOK were vital for BOK regulation of fission. Moreover, we found that full-length PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin, were elevated in mitochondria from PE placentae, implicating mitophagy as the process that degrades excess mitochondria fragments produced from CER/BOK-induced fission in preeclampsia. In summary, our study uncovered a novel CER/BOK-induced regulation of mitochondrial fission and its functional consequence for heightened trophoblast cell autophagy in preeclampsia.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/metabolismo , Dinâmica Mitocondrial , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Autofagia , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Dinaminas/genética , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Feminino , GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases/genética , GTP Fosfo-Hidrolases/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Placenta/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Domínios Proteicos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Adulto Jovem
16.
Skinmed ; 15(6): 437-439, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29282180

RESUMO

Itch is frequently associated with dermatoses characterized by a defective skin barrier. We formulated an itch-relieving moisturizing cream containing 3% menthol and ceramides. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and antipruritic efficacy of application of this cream in volunteers with and without skin diseases. Volunteers were asked to apply the cream for 1 month on a minimum body surface area of 6%. Safety was assessed by the absence of contact dermatitis or other side effects, using a self-administered questionnaire completed at 5 minutes, 1 week, and 1 month after application. To determine efficacy, volunteers with pruritic dermatoses were asked to grade their average itch intensity at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month after application. Sixty volunteers were recruited, of whom 41 had no skin disease; no adverse events were reported in the latter. Of the 19 volunteers with dermatoses, 18 reportedly had atopic dermatitis. One of the 60 volunteers stopped application due to stinging sensations induced by menthol. Itch scores of volunteers with dermatitis improved from baseline at 1 week (P=.01) and 1 month (P<.01) after application. Application of a 3% menthol-containing moisturizing cream was safe in healthy individuals and participants with dermatitis. In the latter, itch scores were significantly reduced during follow-up.


Assuntos
Antipruriginosos/uso terapêutico , Ceramidas/uso terapêutico , Mentol/uso terapêutico , Prurido/tratamento farmacológico , Creme para a Pele/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antipruriginosos/efeitos adversos , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Criança , Dermatite Atópica/complicações , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mentol/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prurido/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Creme para a Pele/efeitos adversos , Creme para a Pele/química , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
17.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1831(6): 1060-6, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23410840

RESUMO

Inflammation is a complex biological process involving a variety of locally produced molecules, as well as different types of white blood cells. Some of the so-called inflammatory mediators include cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, prostaglandins, or bioactive lipids, all of which provide protection from infection and foreign substances, such as bacteria, yeast, viruses or some chemicals. Under some circumstances, however, the organism inappropriately activates the immune system triggering an inflammatory response in the absence of foreign insults thereby leading to the establishment of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, inflammation must be tightly regulated in order to ensure sufficient protection to the organism in the absence of unwanted, and at times dangerous, side effects. Increasing experimental evidence implicates sphingolipids as major inducers of inflammatory responses and regulators of immune cell functions. In particular, ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate have been extensively implicated in inflammation, and ceramide 1-phosphate has also been shown to participate in these processes. The present review highlights novel aspects on the regulation of inflammation by sphingolipids, with special emphasis to the role played by ceramide 1-phosphate and ceramide kinase, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis, in inflammatory responses.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/etiologia , Animais , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia
19.
BMC Dermatol ; 12: 3, 2012 Apr 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22471265

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Defects in skin barrier function are associated with an increase risk of eczema and atopic sensitisation. Ceramide-dominant triple lipid mixture may improve and maintain the infant skin barrier function, and if shown to be safe and feasible, may therefore offer an effective approach to reduce the incidence of eczema and subsequent atopic sensitisation. We sort to assess the safety and compliance with daily application of a ceramide-dominant triple lipid formula (EpiCeram™) commencing in the neonatal period for the prevention of eczema. METHODS: Ten infants (0-4 weeks of age) with a family history of allergic disease were recruited into an open-label, phase one trial of daily application of EpiCeram™ for six weeks. The primary outcomes were rate of compliance and adverse events. Data on development of eczema, and physiological properties of the skin (transepidermal water loss, hydration, and surface pH) were also measured. RESULTS: Eighty percent (8/10) of mothers applied the study cream on 80% or more of days during the six week intervention period. Though a number of adverse events unrelated to study product were reported, there were no adverse skin reactions to the study cream. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results support the safety and parental compliance with daily applications of a ceramide-dominant formula for the prevention of eczema, providing the necessary ground work for a randomised clinical trial to evaluate EpiCeram™ for the prevention of eczema. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was listed at the Australian/New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): reg. no. ACTRN12609000727246.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/uso terapêutico , Colesterol/uso terapêutico , Eczema/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Austrália , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Colesterol/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Emulsões/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação
20.
Brain Pathol ; 22(1): 41-57, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21615590

RESUMO

Oligodendroglial injury is a pathological hallmark of many human white matter diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Critical regulatory mechanisms of oligodendroglia destruction, however, remain incompletely understood. Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid pivotal to sphingolipid metabolism pathways, regulates cell death in response to diverse stimuli and has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. We report here that ceramide accumulates in reactive astrocytes in active lesions of MS and PVL, as well as in animal models of demyelination. Serine palmitoyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme for ceramide de novo biosynthesis, was consistently upregulated in reactive astrocytes in the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. Mass spectrometry confirmed the upregulation of specific ceramides during demyelination, and revealed a concomitant increase of sphingosine and a suppression of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a potent signaling molecule with key roles in cell survival and mitogenesis. Importantly, this altered sphingolipid metabolism during demyelination was restored upon active remyelination. In culture, ceramide acted synergistically with tumor necrosis factor, leading to apoptotic death of oligodendroglia in an astrocyte-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings implicate that disturbed sphingolipid pathways in reactive astrocytes may indirectly contribute to oligodendroglial injury in cerebral white matter disorders.


Assuntos
Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/patologia , Ceramidas/efeitos adversos , Ceramidas/biossíntese , Oligodendroglia/patologia , Regulação para Cima/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Morte Celular/fisiologia , Técnicas de Cocultura , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/metabolismo , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Leucomalácia Periventricular/metabolismo , Leucomalácia Periventricular/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Oligodendroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Oligodendroglia/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Adulto Jovem
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