Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 55
Filtrar
Mais filtros











Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Braz J Microbiol ; 55(2): 1489-1505, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38401009

RESUMO

The Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon is a highly eutrophic lacustrine system and has one of the longest histories of exploration and anthropic alteration in Brazil. Despite its relevance, limited studies explored the diversity of micro-eukaryotes in the lagoon. Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) are overlooked in environmental microbiology, especially in tropical and subtropical ecosystems, resulting in limited knowledge about their diversity and functional relevance in South American habitats, particularly in coastal lagoons. To fill this gap, here we investigated the diversity of ciliates in a brackish coastal lagoon in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, applying and comparing the performance of morphological and metabarcoding approaches. The metabarcoding analysis, based on high-throughput sequencing of the hipervariable region V4 of the 18S rRNA genes detected 37 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) assigned to Ciliophora, representing only about a half (56.9%) of the diversity detected by microscopy, which counted 65 ciliate morphotypes. The most representative classes in both approaches were Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea. The metabarcoding analysis revealed that 35.3% of the ciliate MOTUs had less than 97% similarity to available sequences in the NCBI database, indicating that more than one-third of these MOTUs potentially represents still not represented or undescribed ciliate species in current databases. Our findings indicate that metabarcoding techniques can significantly enhance the comprehension of ciliate diversity in tropical environments, but the scarcity of reference sequences of brackish ciliates in molecular databases represents a challenge to the taxonomic assignment of the MOTUs. This study provides new insights into the diversity of ciliates in a threatened coastal lagoon, revealing a vast array of still unknown and rare ciliate taxonomic units in tropical environments.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Cilióforos , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S , Brasil , Cilióforos/classificação , Cilióforos/genética , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Ecossistema , Água do Mar/parasitologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 43: e07192, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1448814

RESUMO

A variety of laboratory techniques are used in parasitological diagnosis. However, studies that analyze their laboratory efficiency are very scarce, especially with regard to biological samples from wild animals that are little known, with little popular attachment, such as artiodactyls. These can be infected by different parasites, including protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora, which includes the parasites Balantioides coli and Buxtonella sulcata. In this light, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of five coproparasitological techniques for diagnosing protozoan cysts of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living artiodactyls. To this end, 101 fecal samples were collected from trails in Pedra Selada State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, from 2020 to 2021. All the samples were analyzed using the qualitative techniques of modified Sheather floatation, modified Ritchie sedimentation and Lutz, as well as the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Cyst recovery was best achieved using the modified Ritchie technique, in which 62.5% positivity was detected, followed by Lutz (47.5%), modified Sheather (37.5%) and the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC (30%) and McMaster (17.5%). In most of the comparisons between the techniques, reasonable agreement regarding the diagnosis was observed (Kappa 0.21 to 0.40), which was statistically significant (p≤0.05). McMaster showed higher mean and standard deviation values for counts of cysts per gram of feces than Mini-FLOTAC. However, there was no significant difference in the estimates for cyst counts (Wilcoxon p>0.05). Sedimentation qualitative techniques were more indicated for diagnosing cysts of protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living wild artiodactyls. These techniques can therefore be used as laboratory tools for environmental parasite monitoring. In addition, between the two quantitative techniques, Mini-FLOTAC presented better performance, thus showing its potential as a tool for estimating the abundance of cystic forms of the phylum Ciliophora in environmental samples.


Diversas são as técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas no diagnóstico parasitológico. No entanto, estudos que analisam a eficiência laboratorial das mesmas são muito escassos, principalmente quando se trata de amostras biológicas de animais silvestres, que possuem pouca divulgação e apego popular, como os artiodáctilos. Estes podem se infectar por diferentes parasitos, incluindo os protozoários do Filo Ciliophora, no qual se inclui Balantioides coli, bem como Buxtonella sulcata. Mediante o exposto, este estudo objetivou comparar a eficiência entre cinco técnicas coproparasitológicas para o diagnóstico de cistos de protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos em vida livre. Entre 2020 e 2021 foram coletadas 101 amostras fecais em trilhas do Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Todas as amostras foram analisadas pelas técnicas qualitativas de flutuação de Sheather modificada, sedimentação de Ritchie modificada e Lutz, bem como por meio das técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster. Pode-se verificar uma superioridade na recuperação dos cistos por meio da técnica de Ritchie modificada, no qual foi detectado 62,5% de positividade, seguida pelo Lutz (47,5%), Sheather modificada (37,5%) e pelas técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC (30%) e McMaster (17,5%). Na maioria das comparações entre as técnicas foi possível verificar uma concordância razoável (Kappa 0,21 a 0,40) em relação ao diagnóstico entre as mesmas, sendo este estatisticamente significativo (p≤0,05). McMaster em comparação com o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou os maiores valores médio e de desvio padrão na contagem dos cistos por grama de fezes. No entanto, não foi evidenciado diferença significativa na estimativa de contagem dos cistos (Wilcoxon=p>0,05). Pode-se verificar que as técnicas qualitativas de sedimentação foram consideradas as mais indicadas para o diagnóstico de cistos do protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos silvestres em vida livre, podendo ser utilizadas como ferramentas laboratoriais de monitoramento parasitário ambiental. Além disso, dentre as técnicas quantitativas, o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou a melhor performance, denotando o seu potencial como uma ferramenta para se estimar a abundância de formas císticas do Filo Ciliophora em amostra ambiental.


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Artiodáctilos/parasitologia , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Balantidíase/diagnóstico , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia
3.
J Invertebr Pathol ; 184: 107654, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34389406

RESUMO

A survey of pathological conditions affecting the natural beds of the dominant bivalve species of the intertidal rocky coasts of the Southern Atlantic Ocean, was performed. Samples of the little mussel (n = 992), Brachidontes rodriguezii, which is considered a sentinel species, were collected from seven sites that present different anthropogenic activity (low anthropogenic activity, harbor, and sewage waste) along the Argentinean coast, and processed by standard histological techniques. Our results showed for the first time in a B. rodriguezii population from Mar del Plata harbor a bacterium causing cellular lysis of the spermatogenic cells (6.5% of prevalence) and in a population from Villa Gesell, a site with low anthropogenic activity, one little mussel presented cytoplasmic vacuoles in the oocytes's cytoplasm similar to a microsporidian (0.2% of prevalence). A ciliated protozoan parasitizing the cytoplasm of the epithelial digestive tubules and larval stages of two different digenean parasites, was found infecting the little mussel from both contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Sporocysts of the family Bucephalidae invaded the gonad, causing severe gonadal damage including castration, and gymnophallid metacercariae located between the mantle and shell or embedded in the mantle tissues, occupied the gonadal space. In Punta Carballido, a site located next to a sewage outfall, the highest prevalence of infection was found, for the ciliated protozoan in the digestive tubules (5.1%) and for the digenean parasites (bucephalid sporocyst 24.4%, and gymnophallid metacercariae 50%). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between shell length and overall prevalence of parasites.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Microsporídios/isolamento & purificação , Mytilidae/parasitologia , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Argentina
4.
J Invertebr Pathol ; 179: 107526, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33385401

RESUMO

In this study, we performed comprehensive pathology examinations on 83 Tripneustes ventricosus from 11 locations on St. Kitts to build baseline data necessary for disease diagnosis in this species. Gross abnormalities were observed in 23/83 (28%) urchins and included spine loss, visceral hyperpigmentation, test discoloration, and test ulceration. Ciliates were the only protists identified in this study via examination of tissue wet mounts and histology, documented in 50/83 (60%) urchins. Microscopic observations associated with visibly abnormal status included muscle necrosis, test and appendage inflammation, appendage (tube feet, spines, and pedicellariae) degeneration, severe coelomocytosis, and generalized hypermelanosis. Enterocyte intranuclear inclusion bodies, microbial aggregates, nerve pigmentation, enteric pigmentation, integument-associated crustaceans, and encysted metazoan parasites were of uncertain pathological significance. The etiology for any lesion was not microscopically apparent, contrasting literature implicating common marine bacteria in urchin diseases. This study highlights the importance of histopathology in urchin disease investigations and facilitates the recognition of disease in T. ventricosus.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Ouriços-do-Mar , Animais , São Cristóvão e Névis , Ouriços-do-Mar/anatomia & histologia , Ouriços-do-Mar/parasitologia , Ouriços-do-Mar/fisiologia
5.
Parasitol Res ; 119(2): 755-758, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31811426

RESUMO

The ciliate species Balantioides coli can be cross-transmitted between humans and several animal species. Usually harmless, sometimes it can be pathogenic and cause the death of the host. In birds, B. coli has been confirmed in ostriches by genetic analysis, but the identification from South American greater rheas (Rhea americana) and lesser rheas (Rhea pennata pennata) is tentative. Since these species are reared for commercial purposes and for reintroduction into the wild, it is necessary to elucidate whether the ciliate from rheas is B. coli to minimize health risks for humans and for other domestic and wild animals. Individual parasite cells are collected from Argentinean isolates of reared greater rheas and of wild and reared lesser rheas, and their ITS region was PCR amplified; the cloning products were sequenced and compared with sequences available in public databases. The results have shown that several sequence types are expressed at the same time in the parasite cells, and all correspond to B. coli, confirming the possibility of cross-transmission of the parasite between wild and reared South American rheas and several mammal species and humans.


Assuntos
Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/genética , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Reiformes/parasitologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Aves , Infecções por Cilióforos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Humanos , América do Sul/epidemiologia
6.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 750-753, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057970

RESUMO

Abstract Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan of wild and cultured marine fish. It causes white spot disease, and infections with this pathogen can cause significant losses for aquarists and commercial marine cultures worldwide. This study reports the occurrence of C. irritans parasitizing the ornamental reef fish, yellowtail tang, Zebrasoma xanthurum. Six days after being introduced to a new environment, 11 yellowtail tangs had white spots scattered across their bodies and fins. Suspicion of infection with C. irritans was evaluated by scraping the skin to confirm clinical diagnosis. After confirmation, the yellowtail tangs were transferred to a hospital aquarium and treated with the therapeutic agent Seachem Cupramine® for 15 days. During the treatment period, the copper concentration was monitored daily. At the end of the treatment, none of the yellowtail tangs showed clinical signs of white spots on their bodies, and skin scraping confirmed the yellowtail tangs were no longer infected. Subsequently, the yellowtail tangs were released for sale.


Resumo Cryptocaryon irritans é um protozoário ciliado parasita obrigatório de peixes marinhos selvagens e cultivados. Causa a doença dos "pontos brancos". Infecções por esse patógeno pode causar perdas significativas para aquaristas e para marinocultura comercial em todo o mundo. Este estudo relata a ocorrência de C. irritans parasitando a espécie de peixe ornamental de recife Zebrasoma xanthurum. Seis dias após serem introduzidos no novo ambiente, onze peixes apresentaram pontos brancos espalhados pelo corpo e nadadeiras. Suspeitando de infecção por C. irritans foi realizado raspado de pele para confirmar o diagnóstico clínico. Após a confirmação, os peixes foram transferidos para um aquário hospital e tratados com o agente terapêutico Seachem Cupramine® por 15 dias. Durante o período de tratamento o monitoramento da concentração de cobre foi diário através da utilização de um fotômetro. Após o final do tratamento, todos os peixes já não apresentavam mais sinais clínicos de pontos brancos pelo corpo, e foram negativos no raspado de pele, sendo foram encaminhados para comercialização.


Assuntos
Animais , Perciformes/parasitologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Perciformes/classificação , Cilióforos/classificação , Aquicultura
7.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 28(2): 229-237, 2019 Jun 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31271640

RESUMO

Massive occurrence of trichodinids is frequently accompanied by serious disease in fish farms. In this study, trichodinid species from the gills and skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farmed in the central-western region of Brazil (state of Goiás) were morphologically characterized. Dried slides were prepared from the parasites and were impregnated with silver nitrate (2%). Morphometric characteristics were determined and schematic drawings of the denticles were made using photomicrographs produced from the slides. Seven species of trichodinid ectoparasites (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) were found parasitizing the gills: four of the genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838; one of Tripartiella Lom, 1959; one of Paratrichodina Lom, 1963; and one of Trichodinella Srámek-Husek, 1953. On the body surface, three specimens of the genus Trichodina were identified. This study presents new geographical records of trichodinids in Brazil, thus confirming that Trichodina centrostrigeata, Trichodina compacta, Trichodina heterodentata, Paratrichodina africana and Tripartiella orthodens are widely distributed worldwide. Additionally, the first record of the genus Trichodinella in Brazil is presented.


Assuntos
Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Oligoimenóforos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Aquicultura , Brasil , Cilióforos/classificação , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Pesqueiros , Oligoimenóforos/classificação
8.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 28(4): 750-753, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31215611

RESUMO

Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan of wild and cultured marine fish. It causes white spot disease, and infections with this pathogen can cause significant losses for aquarists and commercial marine cultures worldwide. This study reports the occurrence of C. irritans parasitizing the ornamental reef fish, yellowtail tang, Zebrasoma xanthurum. Six days after being introduced to a new environment, 11 yellowtail tangs had white spots scattered across their bodies and fins. Suspicion of infection with C. irritans was evaluated by scraping the skin to confirm clinical diagnosis. After confirmation, the yellowtail tangs were transferred to a hospital aquarium and treated with the therapeutic agent Seachem Cupramine® for 15 days. During the treatment period, the copper concentration was monitored daily. At the end of the treatment, none of the yellowtail tangs showed clinical signs of white spots on their bodies, and skin scraping confirmed the yellowtail tangs were no longer infected. Subsequently, the yellowtail tangs were released for sale.


Assuntos
Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Perciformes/parasitologia , Animais , Aquicultura , Cilióforos/classificação , Perciformes/classificação
9.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(2): 229-237, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013746

RESUMO

Abstract Massive occurrence of trichodinids is frequently accompanied by serious disease in fish farms. In this study, trichodinid species from the gills and skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farmed in the central-western region of Brazil (state of Goiás) were morphologically characterized. Dried slides were prepared from the parasites and were impregnated with silver nitrate (2%). Morphometric characteristics were determined and schematic drawings of the denticles were made using photomicrographs produced from the slides. Seven species of trichodinid ectoparasites (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) were found parasitizing the gills: four of the genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838; one of Tripartiella Lom, 1959; one of Paratrichodina Lom, 1963; and one of Trichodinella Ṧrámek-Huṧek, 1953. On the body surface, three specimens of the genus Trichodina were identified. This study presents new geographical records of trichodinids in Brazil, thus confirming that Trichodina centrostrigeata, Trichodina compacta, Trichodina heterodentata, Paratrichodina africana and Tripartiella orthodens are widely distributed worldwide. Additionally, the first record of the genus Trichodinella in Brazil is presented.


Resumo O parasitismo intenso por tricodinídeos está frequentemente relacionado à doença grave em fazendas de peixes. Neste estudo, espécies de tricodinídeos das brânquias e da pele de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas na região centro-oeste do Brasil (estado de Goiás) foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. As lâminas secas foram preparadas a partir dos parasitas e impregnadas com nitrato de prata (2%). As características morfométricas foram determinadas e desenhos esquemáticos dos dentículos foram confeccionados com fotomicrografias produzidas a partir das lâminas. Sete espécies de ectoparasitos tricodinídeos (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) foram encontradas parasitando as brânquias: quatro do gênero Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838; um de Tripartiella Lom, 1959; um de Paratrichodina Lom, 1963; e um de Trichodinella Ṧrámek-Huṧek, 1953. Na superfície do corpo, três espécimes do gênero Trichodina foram identificados. Este estudo apresenta novos registros geográficos de tricodinídeos no Brasil, confirmando que Trichodina centrostrigeata, Trichodina compacta, Trichodina heterodentata, Paratrichodina africana e Tripartiella orthodens estão amplamente distribuídas mundialmente. Adicionalmente, é apresentado o primeiro registro do gênero Trichodinella no Brasil.


Assuntos
Animais , Oligoimenóforos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Ciclídeos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Brasil , Oligoimenóforos/classificação , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Cilióforos/classificação , Aquicultura , Pesqueiros
10.
J Eukaryot Microbiol ; 66(4): 592-599, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30474198

RESUMO

The biodiversity and biogeography of protists inhabiting many ecosystems have been intensely studied using different sequencing approaches, but tropical ecosystems are relatively under-studied. Here, we sampled planktonic waters from 32 lakes associated with four different river-floodplains systems in Brazil, and sequenced the DNA using a metabarcoding approach with general eukaryotic primers. The lakes were dominated by the largely free-living Discoba (mostly the Euglenida), Ciliophora, and Ochrophyta. There was low community similarity between lakes even within the same river-floodplain. The protists inhabiting these floodplain systems comprise part of the large and relatively undiscovered diversity in the tropics.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Euglênidos/isolamento & purificação , Lagos , Microbiota , Estramenópilas/isolamento & purificação , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Lagos/microbiologia , Lagos/parasitologia
11.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 27(3): 348-353, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30183996

RESUMO

Parasitic diseases have caused significant problems to global aquaculture production. These studies will further our knowledge of this complex problem and help implement adequate prevention measures and control strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of parasites in Megaleporinus obtusidens and to describe the epidemiology and pathology of parasitic infections in these fish. Five moribund fish were sent for parasitological examination. The integument and gills were scrapped off with a glass slide, and samples were examined under a light microscope. Parasitic crustaceans found in these specimens were submitted for scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses. The crustaceans Dolops carvalhoi and Lernaea cyprinacea and the Epistylis spp. were present in all fish examined. Epistylis spp. were also seen on the entire surface of the crustacean integument. Microscopic lesions observed in the parasitized gills included hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium, an inflammatory infiltrate, telangiectasia, foci of hemorrhage and necrosis, fusion of the secondary lamellae, and detachment of the lamellar epithelium. Crustacean parasites are important mechanical vectors of Epistylis infection and disseminate the disease in fish farming operations. Epistylis spp. infection affects the health of fish and has significant ecological and economical impact on aquaculture.


Assuntos
Caraciformes/parasitologia , Cilióforos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Aquicultura , Caraciformes/classificação , Cilióforos/classificação , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura
12.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 348-353, July-Sept. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-959201

RESUMO

Abstract Parasitic diseases have caused significant problems to global aquaculture production. These studies will further our knowledge of this complex problem and help implement adequate prevention measures and control strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of parasites in Megaleporinus obtusidens and to describe the epidemiology and pathology of parasitic infections in these fish. Five moribund fish were sent for parasitological examination. The integument and gills were scrapped off with a glass slide, and samples were examined under a light microscope. Parasitic crustaceans found in these specimens were submitted for scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses. The crustaceans Dolops carvalhoi and Lernaea cyprinacea and the Epistylis spp. were present in all fish examined. Epistylis spp. were also seen on the entire surface of the crustacean integument. Microscopic lesions observed in the parasitized gills included hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium, an inflammatory infiltrate, telangiectasia, foci of hemorrhage and necrosis, fusion of the secondary lamellae, and detachment of the lamellar epithelium. Crustacean parasites are important mechanical vectors of Epistylis infection and disseminate the disease in fish farming operations. Epistylis spp. infection affects the health of fish and has significant ecological and economical impact on aquaculture.


Resumo Doenças parasitárias causam problemas significativos a produção mundial de peixes. Esse estudo aprofundará nosso conhecimento neste complexo problema e ajudará implementar estratégias de prevenção e controle. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os parasitas encontrados em Megaleporinus obtusidens de piscicultura extensiva e descrever as relações epidemiológicas e patológicas entre eles. Cinco peixes moribundos foram enviados para análise parasitológica. O tegumento e as brânquias foram raspados com lâminas de vidro e examinados em microscópio óptico. Os crustáceos parasitas foram processados para análises histologicas e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Todos os peixes analisados foram infestados pelos crustáceos Dolops carvalhoi, Lernaea cyprinacea e pelo Epistylis spp. Epistylis spp. foram também encontrados na superfície de todo tegumento dos crustáceos parasitas. As brânquias parasitadas apresentaram hiperplasia e hipertrofia do epitélio lamelar, infiltrado inflamatório, telangectasia, focos hemorrágicos e necróticos, extensas áreas com fusão de lamelas secundárias e desprendimento de epitélio lamelar. Os crustáceos parasitas são vetores mecânicos importantes da epistilíase, disseminando o microorganismo nas criações de peixes. A infestação por Epistylis spp. afeta a saúde dos peixes e tem impacto ecológico e econômico significativo na aquacultura.


Assuntos
Animais , Cilióforos/ultraestrutura , Caraciformes/parasitologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Cilióforos/classificação , Aquicultura , Caraciformes/classificação , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita
13.
J Eukaryot Microbiol ; 65(3): 422-426, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29106769

RESUMO

The morphology of Blepharisma sinuosum resting cysts and the dynamics of pigmentation at different stages of encystment are presented for the first time. Cyst morphometrics are similar to other Blepharisma species, with three-wall layers, bacteria surrounding the ectocyst, a conical plug, and wrinkly surface toward the plug in mature stages. The vegetative moniliform macronucleus changes to a horseshoe shape, and at early stages, the cystic cytoplasm is homogeneously pigmented, comprising a contractile vacuole; later, pigments polarize toward the plug, decorate the cortical layer, and become brownish. This work reinforces the potential role of pigment dynamics on cyst biology.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/classificação , Cilióforos/metabolismo , Cistos/fisiopatologia , Cistos/parasitologia , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Macronúcleo , Pigmentação/fisiologia
14.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 49(4): 807-812, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28315137

RESUMO

A ciliate protozoa suppression can reduce methane production increasing the energy efficiency utilization by ruminants. The physicochemical characteristics of rumen fluid and the profile of the rumen protozoa populations were evaluated for sheep fed banana leaf hay in replacement of the Cynodon dactylon cv. vaqueiro hay. A total of 30 male sheep were raised in intensive system during 15 days of adaptation and 63 days of experimental period. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design that included six replicates of five treatments with replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of the grass vaquero for the banana leaf hay. Samples of fluid were collected directly from the rumen with sterile catheters. Color, odor, viscosity, and the methylene blue reduction potential (MBRP) were evaluated and pH estimated using a digital potentiometer. After decimal dilutions, counts of genus protozoa were performed in Sedgewick Rafter chambers. The averages of pH, MBRP, color, odor, and viscosity were not influenced by the inclusion of the banana leaf hay. However, the total number of protozoa and Entodinium spp. population significantly decreased at 75 and 100% inclusions of banana leaf hay as roughage.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Musa , Rúmen/parasitologia , Carneiro Doméstico/parasitologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Fermentação , Masculino , Folhas de Planta , Poaceae , Distribuição Aleatória , Ovinos
15.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 10: 102-113, 2017 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31014580

RESUMO

Ciliate protozoa of the genus Balantioides can parasitize a variety of animals. The morphology of the evolutionary forms of the parasite and the host species affected have long been the only characteristics used to taxonomically identify the species of these protozoa, but these variables are not very precise. To confirm species identity, molecular biology tools are currently used. In this context, this study aimed to analyze protozoan isolates maintained in culture medium and from fecal samples from captive animals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by means of molecular tools. Forty isolates maintained in Pavlova modified medium (30 were isolated from feces of pigs and 10 from feces of cynomolgus macaques) were analyzed. In addition, 34 fecal samples (8 from pigs, 8 from cynomolgus macaques and 18 from rhesus macaques) containing Balantioides coli-like cysts were analyzed. All samples were subjected to DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the fragment ITS1 - 5.8s rRNA - ITS2, and the PCR products were purified and sequenced. All samples (100%) presented sequences that were grouped in the Balantioides coli cluster. The type A0 variant predominated. These sequences were 96% to 99% identical to those deposited in GenBank, including a B. coli sequence that had been obtained from human fecal material in Bolivia. It seems that the culturing system did not select variants, because this variant was also seen in the amplified sequences of fecal samples containing cysts. The isolate sequences in the cultures showed few ambiguities and substitutions, thus generating reliable chromatograms. This was the first study to identify B. coli in captive animals in Brazil, through molecular biology. In addition, it was the first to evaluate a large panel of isolates of the parasite through culturing.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Macaca fascicularis/parasitologia , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Cilióforos/genética , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
16.
Braz. j. biol ; Braz. j. biol;76(4): 1043-1053, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-828098

RESUMO

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the patterns of diversity and abundance of ciliates protozoa community in three tropical urban streams and verify which species can be considered bioindicators of water quality. In each stream, three regions (headwater, middle and mouth) were sampled in two years, in the rainy and dry seasons. The abiotic factors (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, width, depth, flow and conductivity) and biotic factors (total coliforms, bacterioplankton, chlorophyll and flagellates) were analyzed using appropriate methods and ciliates were identified and counted through specialized literature. We identified 84 species distributed into 24 orders. Peniculida was the most representative order followed by Prorodontida. The RDA scores showed a spatial difference between streams. On the other hand, regarding the temporal variation, there was no separation of the sampled data. The Indval analysis showed ten species indicators, such as Coleps hirtus, Euplotes moebiusi and Tintinidium pusillum. The Cluster analysis per stream versus period showed a greater distinction of the streams in the dry season. On the other hand, a low similarity was observed between sections within the same stream. In summary, the results indicated that the ciliates can be used as important tools as bioindicators in lotic environments affected by different degrees of pollution, due to the fact that they have short life cycle, allowing the detection of impacts on a small time scale, as well as by having direct answers to environmental changes and high sensitivity to contaminants.


Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os padrões de diversidade e abundância da comunidade de protozoários ciliados em três córregos urbanos tropicais, bem como verificar quais espécies podem ser consideradas bioindicadoras da qualidade da água. Em cada córrego foram amostradas três regiões (cabeceira, intermediária e foz) em dois anos, nas estações chuvosa e seca. Os fatores abióticos (oxigênio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, turbidez, largura, profundidade, fluxo e condutividade) e fatores bióticos (coliformes totais, bacterioplâncton, clorofila e flagelados) foram analisados ​​por metodologia específica e os ciliados foram contados e identificados por meio de literatura especializada. Foram identificadas 84 espécies distribuídas em 24 ordens. Peniculida foi a ordem mais representativa, seguida por Prorodontida. Os escores da RDA mostraram uma diferença espacial entre os córregos. Por outro lado, em relação à variação temporal, não houve separação entre os dados amostrados. A análise Indval mostrou dez espécies indicadoras, como Coleps hirtus, Euplotes moebiusi e Tintinidium pusillum. A análise de Cluster realizada por riacho versus período evidenciou uma maior distinção dos córregos no período seco. Por outro lado, foi observada uma baixa similaridade entre os locais dentro do mesmo córrego. Em síntese, os resultados indicaram que os ciliados podem ser utilizados como ferramentas importantes como bioindicadores em ambientes lóticos afetados por diferentes graus de poluição, devido ao fato de apresentarem um curto ciclo de vida, permitindo a detecção de impactos em uma pequena escala de tempo, bem como por apresentarem respostas diretas às mudanças ambientais e alta sensibilidade a contaminantes.


Assuntos
Microbiologia da Água , Qualidade da Água , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Rios/microbiologia , Estações do Ano , Brasil , Cilióforos/crescimento & desenvolvimento
17.
Acta Parasitol ; 61(4): 707-712, 2016 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27787214

RESUMO

The present study describes a new species of Trichodina found in the mucus of the body surface of 137 farmed and wild silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) located in southern Brazil and in the gills of 99 banded knife fish (Gymnotus sp.) captured in the basin of Pantanal. Smears of the body surface mucus and gills were air dried at room temperature and impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for analysis of the adhesive disc, denticles and macronucleus. Characterized as a medium trichodinid, Trichodina quelenii n. sp. resembles T. heterodentata and T. acuta. It differs from T. heterodentata by the shape of the blade and from T. acuta by the lack of central circle. Furthermore, the distinct shape of the blade of T. quelenii n. sp. differs from all previously described species for the genus, leaving no doubt it is a new species.


Assuntos
Infecções por Cilióforos/veterinária , Cilióforos/classificação , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cilióforos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Cilióforos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Peixes , Especificidade da Espécie
18.
Zootaxa ; 4067(1): 49-56, 2016 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27395861

RESUMO

This study describes the diversity and concentration of the protozoal population from the forestomach of llamas in Argentina at three altitudinal locations. Protozoal diversity was studied in samples from eight llamas from Hurlingham (Buenos Aires, 43 m altitude), four from Tilcara (Jujuy, 2465 m altitude) and six llamas from Cieneguillas (Jujuy, 3800 m altitude). The total concentrations of protozoa in the forestomach contents were 7.9, 9.1 and 4.1 cells x 104 ml-1 in Hurlingham, Tilcara and Cieneguillas, respectively (P>0.05). Entodinium spp. represented 97.9, 92.3 and 71.4% of the protozoal community in Hurlingham, Tilcara and Cieneguillas, respectively, and the remaining protozoa belonged to the Eudiplodinium genus. Entodinium spp. were identified as E. caudatum (mostly morphotype dubardi), E. longinucleatum, E. parvum, E. bovis, E. exiguum, E. dubardi, and a minor presence of E. bimastus (in three animals) and E. ovibos (in one animal). In regards to the rest of protozoal species, Eudiplodinium maggii is the first reported host record for the genus in llamas. This species was present in the forestomach of 14 out of 18 llamas tested, and in one case it was the unique protozoal species. The vestibuliferids, Dasytricha and Isotricha were absent from the forestomach of llamas. Similarly, other species such as those from the Caloscolex genus, Diplodinium cameli and Entodinium ovumrajae, commonly found in Old World Camelids, were also absent from llamas.


Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Cilióforos/classificação , Estômago/parasitologia , Altitude , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Estruturas Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Argentina , Tamanho Corporal , Cilióforos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Ecossistema , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão
19.
Zootaxa ; 4088(2): 292-300, 2016 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27394342

RESUMO

The species composition, prevalence, and average relative abundance of rumen ciliates were analyzed in 16 Brazilian sheep. 28 species of ciliates were identified belonging to 3 families: Isotrichidae, Ophryoscolecidae, and Parentodiniidae. Among these ciliates, Entodinium alces, Metadinium esalqum, and M. rotundatum were found for the first time in sheep, and other 12 species for the first time in Brazilian sheep. Different morphotypes of parentodiniid ciliates were identified in 7 of the 16 sheep analyzed and this is the second report of this family in ruminants. The species Entodinium contractum was redescribed based on the new data on the general morphological features; for the first time, we described the oral infraciliature, which in this species is of the Entodinium-type. In this species, it is noteworthy that the prominent vestibular polybrachykinety can be used as an important identifying characteristic.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/classificação , Rúmen/parasitologia , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil , Cilióforos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Ovinos/parasitologia
20.
Braz J Biol ; 76(4): 1043-1053, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27191462

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to investigate the patterns of diversity and abundance of ciliates protozoa community in three tropical urban streams and verify which species can be considered bioindicators of water quality. In each stream, three regions (headwater, middle and mouth) were sampled in two years, in the rainy and dry seasons. The abiotic factors (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, width, depth, flow and conductivity) and biotic factors (total coliforms, bacterioplankton, chlorophyll and flagellates) were analyzed using appropriate methods and ciliates were identified and counted through specialized literature. We identified 84 species distributed into 24 orders. Peniculida was the most representative order followed by Prorodontida. The RDA scores showed a spatial difference between streams. On the other hand, regarding the temporal variation, there was no separation of the sampled data. The Indval analysis showed ten species indicators, such as Coleps hirtus, Euplotes moebiusi and Tintinidium pusillum. The Cluster analysis per stream versus period showed a greater distinction of the streams in the dry season. On the other hand, a low similarity was observed between sections within the same stream. In summary, the results indicated that the ciliates can be used as important tools as bioindicators in lotic environments affected by different degrees of pollution, due to the fact that they have short life cycle, allowing the detection of impacts on a small time scale, as well as by having direct answers to environmental changes and high sensitivity to contaminants.


Assuntos
Cilióforos/isolamento & purificação , Rios/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Qualidade da Água , Brasil , Cilióforos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA