Arterial hypertension in rotating shift workers: The role of hypertriglyceridemic waist and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of arterial hypertension and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height phenotype (HWHP). METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1422 male rotating shift workers in Brazil. The HWP was defined as having a waist circumference ≥94 cm and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, whereas the HWHP was determined by having a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. To provide a characterization of the sample, data were presented in both absolute and relative values, and Pearson's chi-square test was employed. To investigate the potential association between arterial hypertension and the presence of HWP or HWHP, multivariate logistic regression was conducted, accounting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Furthermore, we conducted a stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis, considering the duration of shift work, to assess whether the results remained consistent depending on the length of work experience in shifts. RESULTS: A noteworthy association was observed between arterial hypertension and both HWP and HWHP, with HWHP exhibiting a stronger association with the disease. Furthermore, a positive association between arterial hypertension and these phenotypes was identified in workers with five or more years of shift work. CONCLUSION: We recommend the utilization of HWHP as a screening tool, as it indicates a stronger association with arterial hypertension compared to HWP. Additionally, the duration of time spent working in shifts emerged as a significant factor influencing the presence of these phenotypes.

Cardiovascular disease risk among male workers of a regional electricity distribution company in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: At energy distribution companies, office and operational employees work in different occupational environments. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can develop due to occupational factors and can often lead to morbidity and disability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of CVD in workers with different occupations in an energy distribution company, using cardiometabolic indices. METHODS: Workers (men), aged between 20 and 70 years, were divided into two groups: operational (n = 78) and office (n = 106) workers. Their metabolic profiles were analyzed using anthropometric and laboratory data to obtain the atherogenic plasma index (AIP) and insulin resistance index (TyG), and to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype as cardiometabolic indicators. RESULTS: There was no difference in CVD risk between the two groups. However, 82% of the test subjects presented a high risk for the development of atherosclerosis based on the AIP, and 11.4% presented the HTGW phenotype, along with the presence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and being overweight as risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the identified risk factors are not related to the type of occupation at work, companies in the electricity sector can invest in the implementation of measures for health promotion to protect and prevent diseases and improve labor productivity and quality.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and associated factors in individuals with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. The literature indicates the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HTWP) as an accessible alternative for the identification of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with HTWP in individuals diagnosed with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals diagnosed with AH and/or DM2. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews containing socio-demographic information, lifestyle, health care, in addition to anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical blood tests. The prevalence of HTWP was estimated and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with HTWP. Of the 788 individuals analysed, 21⋅5 % had the HTWP. In the adjusted model, the following variables remained associated with a greater chance of presenting HTWP: sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Being female increased the chance of HTWP by 7⋅7 times (OR 7⋅7; 95 % CI 3⋅9, 15⋅2). The one-year increase in age increased the chance of HTWP by 4 % (OR 1⋅04; 95 % CI 1⋅02, 1⋅06). The addition of 1 mg/dl of VLDL-c increased the chance of HTWP by 15 % (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅15; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅12, 1⋅18), as well as the increase of 1 kg/m2 in the BMI increased the chance of this condition by 20 % (OR 1⋅20; 95 % CI 1⋅15, 1⋅27). The prevalence of HTWP was associated with females, older age, higher BMI, higher VLDL-c and risk waist/height ratio.

Two Weekly Sessions of High-Intensity Interval Training Improve Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Exercise training provides physiological benefits for maintaining good health. A common exercise strategy is high-intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT may alleviate metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype, but remains largely unstudied in ageing participants. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of 2 weekly HIIT sessions on MetS markers and HTGW-related factors in older adults. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 140 older men and women were randomized into two groups, the experimental group (EG), and the control group (CG). The EG performed 2 weekly sessions of HIIT during 12 weeks. HIIT sessions consisted of 40 min treadmill running/walking: a 10 min warm-up at 50%-60% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by 10 sets of 1 min bouts at 85%-90% of HRmax interspersed with 1 min walking at self-selected pace (totaling 20 min), and 10 min cool-down walking at self-selected pace. The CG did not perform any type of intense exercise during the intervention period. Results: Participants in the EG of both sexes decreased MetS, HTGW, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycemia (P < 0.05). After training, the number of hypertensive men decreased by 100% and women by 70%. There was a 75% reduction in women with diabetes, a 100% reduction in MetS indicators and over 80% reduction in HTGW in participants of both sexes. Conclusion: Two weekly sessions of HIIT proved to be feasible and effective to induce clinically relevant improvements in MetS and HTGW indicators.

Vitamin D is associated with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Brazilian children.

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors is increasing and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has become a worldwide public health problem, even in tropical countries. Therefore, we identified the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) and evaluate its relationship with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 378 children aged 8 and 9 enrolled in all urban schools in the city of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), biochemical tests and clinical evaluation were performed. Poisson regression was used to analyze the association between vitamin D and HWP. RESULTS: Prevalence of HWP was 16.4%. This prevalence was higher among children with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and in those with a greater number of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that children with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency had, respectively, prevalence 85% (95% CI: 1.03-3.30) and 121% (95% CI: 1.11-4.45) higher of HWP than the vitamin D sufficiency group. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D insuffiency and deficiency were associated with a higher prevalence of HWP among children, regardless of the presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors, indicating an additional risk of inadequate vitamin D status to cardiometabolic health in childhood.

HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test -and/-or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.

Prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fatores associados: estudo transversal em bancários da região metropolitana de Vitória, ES, Brasil / Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and associated factors: cross-sectional study of bank workers in the metropolitan region of Vitória, ES, Brazil

Objetivo: Este artigo investiga a prevalência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica em bancários e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, laborais, comportamentais, antropométricos e de condições de saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal com 525 bancários. Para avaliação do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi considerada a associação de circunferência da cintura e hipertrigliceridemia. Resultados: A investigação resultou em uma prevalência de fenótipo de 19,4%, sendo maior em homens, pessoas em idades avançadas, que vivem maritalmente e que trabalham na agência há mais de cinco anos. O fenótipo também se associou ao excesso de peso, HDL-c (high density lipoprotein) baixo, hiperlipidemia mista, elevada relação triglicerídeos/HDL-c e hipertensão arterial. Ter mais de 50 anos e estar acima do peso aumentava as chances de os bancários apresentarem o fenótipo. Ser do sexo feminino e ter níveis adequados de HDL-c mostraram-se fatores de proteção contra o fenótipo. Conclusão: A prevalência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica entre bancários é alta e associa-se principalmente ao excesso de peso e perfil lipídico desfavorável desta população. (AU)

Objective: This paper investigates the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist in bank workers and its association with socioeconomic, labor, behavioral, anthropometric and health condition factors. Method: This is a cross-sectional study based on information from 525 bank workers. To investigate the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, it was necessary to consider the association between waist circumference and high levels of serum triglycerides. Results: The investigation resulted in a phenotype prevalence of 19.4%, being higher in men, elderly, married and working in the bank for more than five years. The phenotype was also associated with overweight, low HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein), mixed hyperlipidemia, high triglyceride/HDL-c ratio and arterial hypertension. Being over 50 years of age and being overweight increased the chances of the bankers presenting the phenotype. Being female and having adequate levels of HDL-c were shown to be protective factors against the phenotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist is high and is associated mainly with the excess weight and unfavorable lipid profile of this population. (AU)

Concordância entre cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica em trabalhadores em turnos alternantes / Agreement between hypertriglyceridic waist and hypertriplyceridemic waist height in rotation shift workers

Objetivos: Avaliar a concordância entre fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica, e a associação desses fenótipos com alterações antropométricas, bioquímicas e clínicas em homens adultos com risco metabólico aumentado pela exposição ao turno alternante. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 678 trabalhadores do sexo masculino. O fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definido pelo perímetro da cintura ≥ 94 cm e triglicérides ≥ 150 mg/dL; o fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica pela razão cintura estatura ≥ 0,5; e triglicérides ≥ 150mg/dL. Foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol total, high-density lipoprotein colesterol, low-density lipoprotein colesterol, triglicérides e glicemia de jejum. O teste Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os fenótipos e o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, para verificar a associação entre os fenótipos e os componentes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Para todos os testes, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A concordância entre o fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e o fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridêmica foi significativa e substancial. Ambos fenótipos foram relacionados significativamente com índice de massa corporal, colesterol total, high-density lipoprotein colesterol e pressão arterial aumentados. Conclusões: Sugere-se o uso do fenótipo cintura estatura hipertrigliceridemica, já que demonstrou associações que se mantiveram independentemente da faixa etária e identificou maior proporção de trabalhadores em turnos alternantes com componentes de risco cardiovascular. (AU)

Objective: This study evaluated the agreement between hypertriglyceridemic waist and hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotypes and the association of these phenotypes with anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical alterations in adult men with increased metabolic risk due to rotating shift exposure. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 678 male workers. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined as waist circumference ≥ 94 cm and triglyceride concentration ≥150 mg/dL; the hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotype was defined as a height-waist ratio ≥0.5 and triglyceride concentration ≥ 150mg/dL. Body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were evaluated. The Kappa test was used to assess the concordance between phenotypes, and the Pearson's chi-square tests were used to verify the association between phenotypes and risk components for cardiovascular diseases. For all tests, the significance level was 5%. Results: The agreement between the hypertriglyceridemic waist and the hypertriglyceridemic waist height phenotypes was significant and substantial. Both phenotypes were significantly related to increased body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Conclusion: We propose the use of hypertriglyceridemic waist-toheight ratio as it demonstrated associations that persisted regardless of the age group and also identified a higher proportion of rotating shift workers with cardiovascular risk components. (AU)

Hypertriglyceridemic waist and associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is an observational analytical study with individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 5 to 18 years, of both genders, followed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (≥90th percentile for age and gender) and elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥75 mg/dL for children and ≥90 mg/dL for adolescents). We also investigated the family history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. In the statistical inference tests, the proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test ­and/­or Fisher's exact test, being significant p<0.05. Results: A total of 102 patients were evaluated, most of them females (54.9%) and adolescents (66.7%). The frequency of hypertriglyceridemic waist was 23.5%, which was associated with females (p=0.043), overweight (p=0.023), hypercholesterolemia (p=0.002), high LDL (p=0.001), and borderline VLDL (<0.001). Conclusions: The frequency of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was associated with females, atherogenic lipid profile, and overweight, indicating the importance of the nutritional monitoring of this population, aiming at reducing future cardiovascular diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e analisar seus fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico com indivíduos com diabetes melito tipo 1, de cinco a 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, acompanhados em um hospital universitário do Nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizadas medidas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura, além da análise do perfil lipídico e da hemoglobina glicada. O fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definido pela presença simultânea da circunferência da cintura aumentada (≥percentil 90 por idade e sexo) e dos níveis séricos de triglicerídeos elevados (≥75 mg/dL para crianças e ≥90 mg/dL para adolescentes). Investigaram-se, ainda, os antecedentes familiares para doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, e também variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Nos testes de inferência estatística, as proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou exato de Fisher, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 102 pacientes, com predomínio do sexo feminino (54,9%) e de adolescentes (66,7%). A frequência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi de 23,5%; a qual apresentou associação com o sexo feminino (p=0,043), excesso de peso (p=0,023), hipercolesterolemia (p=0,002), LDL elevado (p=0,001) e VLDL em valores limítrofes (<0,001). Conclusões: A frequência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi associada ao sexo feminino, ao perfil lipídico aterogênico e ao excesso ponderal, evidenciando a importância do acompanhamento nutricional dessa população, visando à redução de agravos cardiovasculares futuros.

Hypertriglyceridaemic waist is associated with hyperuricaemia and metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

BACKGROUND: /Aim: The hypertriglyceridaemic waist (HTGW) phenotype has been described and suggested in general population as a cardiovascular risk marker. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the HTGW phenotype as a marker related to HUC and MetS in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study was designed in 250 RA Mexicans patients. The HTGW phenotype was defined as elevated waist circumference and elevated triglyceride concentration. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the HTGW phenotype, HUC and MetS in its traditional NCEP/ATPIII versions and modified (HTGWm and MetSm). RESULTS: The prevalence of HTGW and HTGWm it was 20.4% and 32%, respectively. All patients with HTGW presented MetS (P < 0.001), and in a multivariate model, the HTGW phenotype was the marker most closely related to HUC in comparison to components of MetS. CONCLUSION: The HTGW may represent a marker for screening of cardiometabolic risk in RA patients, so in clinical practice can be implemented as a low-cost marker in the evaluation of the patient regardless of clinical characteristics of disease.

Fenotipo hipertrigliceridemia cintura abdominal alterada y su asociación con los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares / Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its association with cardiovascular risk factors

Introducción: el fenotipo clínico hipertrigliceridemia cintura abdominal alterada guarda relación con la presencia de hiperinsulinemia, hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia, y en consecuencia, es un riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo: determinar la asociación del fenotipo hipertrigliceridemia cintura abdominal alterada con los principales factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra probabilística obtenido por un método polietápico. La muestra quedó conformada por 1108 sujetos entre 15 y 74 años, incluidos dentro del componente de vigilancia de enfermedades no transmisibles de la iniciativa CARMEN, pertenecientes al municipio de Cienfuegos. Las variables evaluadas fueron las siguientes: sexo, color de la piel, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, obesidad, actividad física, diabetes mellitus, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Se determinó la razón de prevalencia para las diferentes variables. El nivel de significación exigido fue del 95 por ciento. Resultados: La razón de probabilidad demostró mayor riesgo de presentar el fenotipo en el sexo femenino (2,31), así como en los sujetos mayores de 45 años (2,92), obesos (19,24), hipertensos (2,96) y diabéticos (2,30). Conclusiones: existe una relación significativa entre el fenotipo hipertrigliceridemia cintura abdominal alterada y los principales factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, tales como el incremento de la edad, el índice aterogénico, los niveles de colesterol, la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial(AU)

Introduction: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is related to the presence of hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia and consequently, it is a risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the association of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype with the main cardiovascular risk factors. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with a probabilistic sample obtained from a multi-stage method. The sample consisted of 1108 subjects between 15 and 74 years old, included in the surveillance component for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) from the CARMEN initiative in Cienfuegos. The variables evaluated were: sex, skin color, smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) was determined for the different variables. The level of significance required was 95 percent. The research was approved by the Scientific Council of the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos and the Research Ethics Committee. The results are presented in tables and figures. Results: PR showed a greater risk of presenting the phenotype in females (2,31), as well as in subjects over 45 years (2,92), obese (19,24), and hypertensive and diabetics for a PR of (2.96 and 2.30), respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and the main cardiovascular risk factors such as increasing age, atherogenic index, cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension(AU)

[Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: associated factors and comparison with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators in the ELSA-Brasil study]. / Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil.

This study's objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype in participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), identify associated risk factors, and compare with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators. This was a cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of public employees. HTW is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) (≥ 80cm for women, ≥ 90cm for men according to the International Diabetes Federation - IDF; and ≥ 88cm for women, ≥ 102cm for men according to the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP) and hypertriglyceridemia. Associations between independent variables and HTW were tested with multivariate logistic regression models. HTW was also compared to other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators by means of correlation tests, kappa index, sensitivity, and specificity. After exclusions, 12,811 participants were analyzed. Prevalence of HTW ranged from 24.7% (IDF) to 13.3% (NCEP). HTW was associated with age, excessive alcohol consumption, former smoking, low HDL, non-high HDL, and increased C-reactive protein, independently of gender or the criterion used to define HTW. HTW was associated with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome. The high prevalence of HTW and its association with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome, supports its use as a cardiometabolic risk screening tool in clinical practice.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar fatores de risco associados e comparar com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de servidores públicos. O FCH é definido pela presença simultânea de circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mulheres, ≥ 90cm para homens de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; e ≥ 88cm para mulheres, ≥ 102cm para homens de acordo com o Programa Nacional de Educação sobre o Colesterol dos Estados Unidos - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e FCH foi testada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multivariada. O FCH foi comparado também com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico por meio de testes de correlação, índice kappa, sensibilidade e especificidade. Após exclusões, foram analisados 12.811 participantes. A prevalência do FCH variou de 24,7% (IDF) a 13,3% (NCEP). FCH foi associado a ter idade mais avançada, ao consumo excessivo de álcool, ser ex-fumante, apresentar HDL baixo, não-HDL alto e PCR aumentado, independente do sexo ou critério de definição. FCH associou-se a indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente à síndrome metabólica. A elevada prevalência de FCH e sua associação com indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente com a síndrome metabólica, apoia sua utilização como ferramenta de triagem de risco cardiometabólico na prática clínica.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridémica (FCH), en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de la Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar factores de riesgo asociados, y compararlo con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de la línea de referencia de una cohorte de empleados públicos. El FCH se define por la presencia simultánea de circunferencia de la cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mujeres, ≥ 90cm para hombres de acuerdo con la Federación Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; y ≥ 88cm para mujeres, ≥ 102cm para hombres de acuerdo con el Programa National de Educación sobre el colesterol de los EE.UU. - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. La asociación entre las variables independientes y FCH fue probada mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariada. El FCH se comparó también con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico, mediante pruebas de correlación, índice kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Tras las exclusiones, se analizaron a 12.811 participantes. La prevalencia del FCH varió de un 24,7% (IDF) a un 13,3% (NCEP). El FCH se asoció a tener una edad más avanzada, al consumo excesivo de alcohol, ser ex-fumador, presentar HDL bajo, no-HDL alto y PCR aumentado, independiente del sexo o criterio de definición. FCH se asoció a indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente al síndrome metabólico. La elevada prevalencia de FHC y su asociación con indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con el síndrome metabólico, apoya su utilización como herramienta de clasificación de riesgo cardiometabólico en la práctica clínica.

Prevalence and factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in the elderly: a population-based study.

To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) in community-dwelling elderly people in northeast Brazil. Population-based cross-sectional study. Some 316 elderly (≥ 60 years) people of both sexes participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, based on that used in the Health, Welfare and Aging Study (SABE), in addition to blood tests, blood pressure measurements and anthropometric measurements. The hypertriglyceridemic waist condition was diagnosed using high values of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) and waist circumference increased ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm for women and men, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the hypertriglyceridemic waist and associated factors, significance level of 5%. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) was 27.1%. The logistic regression model (OR) adjusted showed the condition of HW associated to the feminine sex (OR 4.19), to the insufficiently active elderly (OR 2.41) and with overweight (OR 4.06). A high prevalence (27.1%) of hypertriglyceridemic waist was observed, indicating the female sex, physical inactivity and overweight as key factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in community-dwelling elderly people.

Prevalence and factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in the elderly: a population-based study / Prevalência e fatores associados à cintura hipertrigliceridêmica em idosos: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) in community-dwelling elderly people in northeast Brazil. Population-based cross-sectional study. Some 316 elderly (≥ 60 years) people of both sexes participated in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, based on that used in the Health, Welfare and Aging Study (SABE), in addition to blood tests, blood pressure measurements and anthropometric measurements. The hypertriglyceridemic waist condition was diagnosed using high values of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) and waist circumference increased ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm for women and men, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the hypertriglyceridemic waist and associated factors, significance level of 5%. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) was 27.1%. The logistic regression model (OR) adjusted showed the condition of HW associated to the feminine sex (OR 4.19), to the insufficiently active elderly (OR 2.41) and with overweight (OR 4.06). A high prevalence (27.1%) of hypertriglyceridemic waist was observed, indicating the female sex, physical inactivity and overweight as key factors associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in community-dwelling elderly people.

Resumo Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à cintura hipertrigliceridêmica em idosos residentes em uma comunidade no nordeste do Brasil. Estudo populacional com delineamento transversal. Participaram do estudo 316 idosos com idade ≥ 60 anos, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário próprio, baseado no questionário usado na Pesquisa Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento, além dos exames sanguíneos, aferição da pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas. A cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CH) foi diagnosticada quando os níveis de triglicerídeos apresentaram valores (≥ 150 mg/dl) e a circunferência da cintura ≥ 88cm para as mulheres e 102 para os homens. Para identificar os fatores associados a CH foi utilizado a análise de regressão logística, com nível de significância 5%. A prevalência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi 27,1%. O modelo de regressão logística (OR) ajustado mostrou a condição de CH associada ao sexo feminino (OR 4.19), aos idosos insuficientemente ativos (OR 2.41) e com sobrepeso (OR 4.06). Foi observada uma alta prevalência de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica em idosos residentes em comunidade, apontando o sexo feminino, a inatividade física e o sobrepeso/obesidade como fatores associados.

Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil / Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: associated factors and comparison with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators in the ELSA-Brasil study / Fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridémica: factores asociados y comparación con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico en el ELSA-Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH) em participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar fatores de risco associados e comparar com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da linha de base de uma coorte de servidores públicos. O FCH é definido pela presença simultânea de circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mulheres, ≥ 90cm para homens de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; e ≥ 88cm para mulheres, ≥ 102cm para homens de acordo com o Programa Nacional de Educação sobre o Colesterol dos Estados Unidos - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e FCH foi testada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multivariada. O FCH foi comparado também com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico por meio de testes de correlação, índice kappa, sensibilidade e especificidade. Após exclusões, foram analisados 12.811 participantes. A prevalência do FCH variou de 24,7% (IDF) a 13,3% (NCEP). FCH foi associado a ter idade mais avançada, ao consumo excessivo de álcool, ser ex-fumante, apresentar HDL baixo, não-HDL alto e PCR aumentado, independente do sexo ou critério de definição. FCH associou-se a indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente à síndrome metabólica. A elevada prevalência de FCH e sua associação com indicadores de risco cardiovascular, especialmente com a síndrome metabólica, apoia sua utilização como ferramenta de triagem de risco cardiometabólico na prática clínica.

This study's objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype in participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), identify associated risk factors, and compare with other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators. This was a cross-sectional study with baseline data from a cohort of public employees. HTW is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) (≥ 80cm for women, ≥ 90cm for men according to the International Diabetes Federation - IDF; and ≥ 88cm for women, ≥ 102cm for men according to the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP) and hypertriglyceridemia. Associations between independent variables and HTW were tested with multivariate logistic regression models. HTW was also compared to other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators by means of correlation tests, kappa index, sensitivity, and specificity. After exclusions, 12,811 participants were analyzed. Prevalence of HTW ranged from 24.7% (IDF) to 13.3% (NCEP). HTW was associated with age, excessive alcohol consumption, former smoking, low HDL, non-high HDL, and increased C-reactive protein, independently of gender or the criterion used to define HTW. HTW was associated with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome. The high prevalence of HTW and its association with cardiovascular risk indicators, especially metabolic syndrome, supports its use as a cardiometabolic risk screening tool in clinical practice.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia del fenotipo cintura hipertrigliceridémica (FCH), en participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de la Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), identificar factores de riesgo asociados, y compararlo con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de la línea de referencia de una cohorte de empleados públicos. El FCH se define por la presencia simultánea de circunferencia de la cintura (CC) aumentada (≥ 80cm para mujeres, ≥ 90cm para hombres de acuerdo con la Federación Internacional de Diabetes - IDF; y ≥ 88cm para mujeres, ≥ 102cm para hombres de acuerdo con el Programa National de Educación sobre el colesterol de los EE.UU. - NCEP) e hipertrigliceridemia. La asociación entre las variables independientes y FCH fue probada mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariada. El FCH se comparó también con otros indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico, mediante pruebas de correlación, índice kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Tras las exclusiones, se analizaron a 12.811 participantes. La prevalencia del FCH varió de un 24,7% (IDF) a un 13,3% (NCEP). El FCH se asoció a tener una edad más avanzada, al consumo excesivo de alcohol, ser ex-fumador, presentar HDL bajo, no-HDL alto y PCR aumentado, independiente del sexo o criterio de definición. FCH se asoció a indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente al síndrome metabólico. La elevada prevalencia de FHC y su asociación con indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con el síndrome metabólico, apoya su utilización como herramienta de clasificación de riesgo cardiometabólico en la práctica clínica.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and nutritional factors: a study with participants of ELSA-Brasil. / Fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fatores nutricionais: um estudo com participantes do ELSA-Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between fat and fiber intakes and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP). METHODS: Cross-sectional survey conducted from the baseline of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health Adult (ELSA-Brasil). Anthropometric measurements were conducted and the body mass index was calculated (BMI). Participants were classified according to the presence of HWP when waist circumference ≥ 102 and ≥ 88 cm, respectively, in men and women, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. Fat and fiber intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral variables were collected through a questionnaire. The χ² test, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression were performed with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was no association between fiber and fat intakes with HWP. A lower prevalence of HWP among men was observed (IRR = 0.959; 95%CI 0.948 - 0.969). A higher prevalence of HWP was observed in participants with low physical activity (OR = 1.039, 95%CI 1.021 - 1.057), smoking history (OR = 1.044, 95%CI 1.031 - 1.057), lower per capita income (IRR = 1.035; 95%CI 1.022 - 1.049) and obesity (OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.305 - 1.341). Fat and fiber intakes were not associated with HWP. CONCLUSION: A higher prevalence of HWP was found in obese, but no association was found between intake of fat and fiber and phenotype.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre consumo de gorduras e fibras e o fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH). MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de corte transversal conduzida a partir da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica e calculado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Os participantes foram classificados segundo presença do FCH quando circunferência da cintura ≥ 102 e ≥ 88 cm, respectivamente, em homens e mulheres, e triglicerídeos ≥ 150 mg/dL. O consumo de gorduras e fibras foi avaliado a partir de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar validado e as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e características comportamentais foram coletadas por meio de questionário. Foram realizados testes do χ2, Mann-Whitney e regressão de Poisson com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Homens apresentaram menor prevalência do FCH (RP = 0,959; IC95% 0,948 - 0,969). Maiores prevalências de FCH foram observadas em indivíduos com atividade física fraca (RP = 1,039; IC95% 1,021-1,057), histórico de tabagismo (RP = 1,044; IC95% 1,031-1,057), menor renda per capita (IRR = 1,035; IC95% 1,022-1,049) e obesidade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,305-1,341). Consumo de gorduras e fibras não foi associado ao FCH. CONCLUSÃO: Maior prevalência do FCH foi encontrada em obesos, porém não foi observada associação entre o consumo de gorduras e fibras e o fenótipo.

Fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e fatores nutricionais: um estudo com participantes do ELSA-Brasil / Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and nutritional factors: a study with participants of ELSA-Brasil

RESUMO: Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre consumo de gorduras e fibras e o fenótipo da cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (FCH). Métodos: Pesquisa de corte transversal conduzida a partir da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica e calculado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Os participantes foram classificados segundo presença do FCH quando circunferência da cintura ≥ 102 e ≥ 88 cm, respectivamente, em homens e mulheres, e triglicerídeos ≥ 150 mg/dL. O consumo de gorduras e fibras foi avaliado a partir de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar validado e as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e características comportamentais foram coletadas por meio de questionário. Foram realizados testes do χ2, Mann-Whitney e regressão de Poisson com significância de 5%. Resultados: Homens apresentaram menor prevalência do FCH (RP = 0,959; IC95% 0,948 - 0,969). Maiores prevalências de FCH foram observadas em indivíduos com atividade física fraca (RP = 1,039; IC95% 1,021-1,057), histórico de tabagismo (RP = 1,044; IC95% 1,031-1,057), menor renda per capita (IRR = 1,035; IC95% 1,022-1,049) e obesidade (RP = 1,32; IC95% 1,305-1,341). Consumo de gorduras e fibras não foi associado ao FCH. Conclusão: Maior prevalência do FCH foi encontrada em obesos, porém não foi observada associação entre o consumo de gorduras e fibras e o fenótipo.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate the association between fat and fiber intakes and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP). Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted from the baseline of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health Adult (ELSA-Brasil). Anthropometric measurements were conducted and the body mass index was calculated (BMI). Participants were classified according to the presence of HWP when waist circumference ≥ 102 and ≥ 88 cm, respectively, in men and women, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. Fat and fiber intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral variables were collected through a questionnaire. The χ² test, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression were performed with significance level of 5%. Results: There was no association between fiber and fat intakes with HWP. A lower prevalence of HWP among men was observed (IRR = 0.959; 95%CI 0.948 - 0.969). A higher prevalence of HWP was observed in participants with low physical activity (OR = 1.039, 95%CI 1.021 - 1.057), smoking history (OR = 1.044, 95%CI 1.031 - 1.057), lower per capita income (IRR = 1.035; 95%CI 1.022 - 1.049) and obesity (OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.305 - 1.341). Fat and fiber intakes were not associated with HWP. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of HWP was found in obese, but no association was found between intake of fat and fiber and phenotype.

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Changes in the Fasting Glycemia and Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents Over One-Year Follow-Up Period / Fenótipo Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica e mudanças na glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial de crianças e adolescentes após um ano de seguimento

Abstract Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) and serum triglycerides (TG) levels and it has been associated with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the influence of HTW phenotype in the fasting glycemia and blood pressure in children and adolescents over one-year follow-up period. Methods: It is a cohort study involving 492 children and adolescents from 7 to 15 years old, both genders, who were submitted to anthropometric, biochemical and clinical evaluation at the baseline, and also after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were calculated to evaluate the longitudinal influence of the HTW phenotype in the glycemia and blood pressure over one-year. Results: It was observed a prevalence of 10.6% (n = 52) of HTW phenotype in the students. The GEE models identified that students with HTW phenotype had an increase of 3.87 mg/dl in the fasting glycemia mean (CI: 1.68-6.05) and of 3.67mmHg in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) mean (CI: 1.55-6.08) over one-year follow-up, after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that HTW phenotype is a risk factor for longitudinal changes in glycemia and SBP in children and adolescents over one-year follow-up period.

Resumo Fundamento: O fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CHT) é definido como a presença simultânea de circunferência de cintura (CC) e níveis séricos de triglicérides (TG) aumentados e tem sido associado com risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do fenótipo CHT na glicemia de jejum e na pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes em um período de acompanhamento de um ano. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte envolvendo 492 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 15 anos de ambos os sexos, que foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, bioquímica e clínica no início e também após 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. Os modelos de Equação de Estimulação Generalizada (GEE) foram calculados para avaliar a influência longitudinal do fenótipo CHT na glicemia e na pressão arterial ao longo de um ano. Resultados: Foi observada uma prevalência de 10,6% (n = 52) do fenótipo CHT nos estudantes. Os modelos GEE identificaram que os estudantes com fenótipo CHT apresentaram aumento de 3,87 mg/dl na média de glicemia em jejum (IC: 1,68-6,05) e de 3,67 mmHg na pressão arterial sistólica media (PAS) (IC: 1,55-6,08) depois de um ano de acompanhamento, após ajuste para variáveis de confusão. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o fenótipo CHT é um fator de risco para alterações longitudinais da glicemia e da PAS em crianças e adolescentes em um período de um ano de seguimento.

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Changes in the Fasting Glycemia and Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents Over One-Year Follow-Up Period.

BACKGROUND:: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW) phenotype is defined as the simultaneous presence of increased waist circumference (WC) and serum triglycerides (TG) levels and it has been associated with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE:: The objective was to evaluate the influence of HTW phenotype in the fasting glycemia and blood pressure in children and adolescents over one-year follow-up period. METHODS:: It is a cohort study involving 492 children and adolescents from 7 to 15 years old, both genders, who were submitted to anthropometric, biochemical and clinical evaluation at the baseline, and also after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were calculated to evaluate the longitudinal influence of the HTW phenotype in the glycemia and blood pressure over one-year. RESULTS:: It was observed a prevalence of 10.6% (n = 52) of HTW phenotype in the students. The GEE models identified that students with HTW phenotype had an increase of 3.87 mg/dl in the fasting glycemia mean (CI: 1.68-6.05) and of 3.67mmHg in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) mean (CI: 1.55-6.08) over one-year follow-up, after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS:: The results of this study suggest that HTW phenotype is a risk factor for longitudinal changes in glycemia and SBP in children and adolescents over one-year follow-up period. FUNDAMENTO:: O fenótipo de cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CHT) é definido como a presença simultânea de circunferência de cintura (CC) e níveis séricos de triglicérides (TG) aumentados e tem sido associado com risco cardiometabólico em crianças e adolescentes. OBJETIVO:: Avaliar a influência do fenótipo CHT na glicemia de jejum e na pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes em um período de acompanhamento de um ano. MÉTODOS:: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte envolvendo 492 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 15 anos de ambos os sexos, que foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, bioquímica e clínica no início e também após 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. Os modelos de Equação de Estimulação Generalizada (GEE) foram calculados para avaliar a influência longitudinal do fenótipo CHT na glicemia e na pressão arterial ao longo de um ano. RESULTADOS:: Foi observada uma prevalência de 10,6% (n = 52) do fenótipo CHT nos estudantes. Os modelos GEE identificaram que os estudantes com fenótipo CHT apresentaram aumento de 3,87 mg/dl na média de glicemia em jejum (IC: 1,68-6,05) e de 3,67 mmHg na pressão arterial sistólica media (PAS) (IC: 1,55-6,08) depois de um ano de acompanhamento, após ajuste para variáveis de confusão. CONCLUSÕES:: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o fenótipo CHT é um fator de risco para alterações longitudinais da glicemia e da PAS em crianças e adolescentes em um período de um ano de seguimento.

Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype) and HDL-cholesterol in patients with heart failure.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:: The association of serum triglycerides plus waist circumference seems to be a good marker of cardiovascular risk and has been named the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and HDL-cholesterol among patients with heart failure. DESIGN AND SETTING:: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS:: We included patients with heart failure aged > 40 years. Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) was performed; body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated and lipid measurements (serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were collected. In men and women, respectively, waist circumference ≥ 94 cm and ≥ 80 cm, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl were considered abnormal and were used to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Analyses of covariance were used to evaluate possible associations between levels of HDL-cholesterol and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, according to sex. RESULTS:: 112 participants were included, of whom 62.5% were men. The mean age was 61.8 ± 12.3 years and the mean ejection fraction was 40.1 ± 14.7%. Men and woman presented mean HDL-cholesterol of 40.5 ± 14.6 and 40.9 ± 12.7 mg/dl, respectively. The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 25%. There was a significant difference in mean HDL-cholesterol between men with and without the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (32.8 ± 14.2 versus 42.1 ± 13.7 mg/dl respectively; P = 0.04), even after adjustment for age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, use of statins and heart failure etiology. CONCLUSIONS:: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is significantly associated with lower HDL-cholesterol levels in men with heart failure.