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1.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd ; 234(1): 117-122, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28135748

RESUMO

The clinical use of femtosecond lasers has led to significant progress in the quality of refractive surgery. SMILE femtosecond laser surgery (SMILE: Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) permits the first one step intrastromal laser procedure without a flap. This article describes the gradual development of this surgery during the last ten years.


Assuntos
Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/tendências , Erros de Refração/diagnóstico , Erros de Refração/terapia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual
3.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 90(10): 458-466, oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142568

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: La queratopatía climática esferoidea (QCE) está íntimamente asociada a erosiones corneales superficiales y a carencia de mecanismos protectores contra los efectos nocivos de la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) durante muchos años. Debido a que una de las dificultades en el estudio de los mecanismos patogénicos de esta enfermedad humana es la ausencia de un modelo experimental, en este trabajo quisimos identificar cuál es el mejor método para estudiar una de las variables involucradas en su génesis (erosiones superficiales de la córnea). A tal fin investigamos los efectos producidos por 4 tipos de láser con diferentes condiciones de potencia y tiempo en la córnea de cobayos normales con el fin de seleccionar un láser y condición que lesione solamente el epitelio y estroma superficial, de manera reversible, sin dejar cicatrices. MÉTODOS: Se indujeron daños en la córnea de cobayos utilizando distintas potencias y tiempos con 4 tipos de láser: argón, CO2, diodo y Nd-Yag en distintos grupos de animales y se evaluaron dichas lesiones por biomicroscopia (BM) y microscopia óptica. Córneas de otros animales normales fueron expuestas a láser de argón (350 mW, 0,3 s, 50μm de diámetro) y las alteraciones inducidas se estudiaron en diferentes tiempos utilizando BM, tomografía de coherencia óptica (TCO) y microscopia electrónica (ME). RESULTADOS: Solo el láser argón a una potencia de 350 mW, 0,3 s, 50μm de diámetro produjo lesiones de epitelio y estroma superficial, manteniéndose indemne el endotelio. Por BM se observaron algunos leucomas que desaparecieron hacia el día 15. Mediante TCO se observó un adelgazamiento del espesor corneal en los ojos tratados con esas condiciones de láser argón durante la primera semana. Mediante ME, se observaron diferentes alteraciones ultraestructurales en epitelio y estroma corneal durante los primeros días, las cuales desaparecieron hacia el día 15. CONCLUSIONES: Fue posible desarrollar lesiones corneales en epitelio y estroma anterior de cobayos de manera reproducible mediante el uso de láser argón. Los estudios in vivo e in vitro demostraron que las córneas lesionadas con este láser y en esas condiciones no dejaron alteraciones microscópicas ni ultraestructurales irreversibles. Este modo de erosión corneal combinado con exposición a RUV y déficit parcial de ascorbato en la dieta de los animales durante un período prolongado de tiempo está siendo utilizado con el fin de intentar desarrollar un modelo experimental de QCE


PURPOSE: Climatic droplets keratopathy (CDK) is closely associated with superficial corneal erosions and lack of protective mechanisms against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during a prolonged period of time. One of the difficulties in studying the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this human disease is the lack of an experimental animal model. In this paper, a study is conducted on the effects of 4 types of lasers at various powers and time conditions on the normal guinea pig corneas in order to select only one laser condition that reversibly injures the epithelium and superficial stroma, without leaving scarring. METHODS: Damage was induced in the cornea of Guinea pigs using different powers and exposure times of 4 types of laser: argon, CO2, diode and Nd-Yag, and any injuries were evaluated by biomicroscopy (BM) and optical microscopy. Corneas from other normal animals were exposed to argon laser (350 mW, 0.3s, 50μm of diameter), and the induced alterations were studied at different times using BM, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Only argon laser at 350 mW, 0.3s, 50μm of diameter produced epithelium and superficial stroma lesions. Some leukomas were observed by BM, and they disappeared by day 15. Corneal thickness measured by OCT decreased in the eyes treated with argon laser during the first week. Using TEM, different ultra structural alterations in corneal epithelium and stroma were observed during the early days, which disappeared by day 15. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to develop reproducible corneal epithelium and anterior stroma injuries using Argon laser at 350 mW, 0.3s, 50μm of diameter. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that injured corneas with these laser conditions did not leave irreversible microscopic or ultra structural alterations. This protocol of corneal erosion combined with exposure to UVR and partial deficiency of ascorbate in the diets of the animals for an extended period of time has been used in order to try to develop an experimental model of CDK


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cobaias , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Terapia a Laser/tendências , Terapia a Laser , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/classificação , Ferimentos e Lesões , Cicatriz
4.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 48(4): 322-336, 2015. ilus. tab. graf.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-913388

RESUMO

La queratotomía radial es uno de los métodos quirúrgicos empleados para corregir los defectos ópticos de las personas; ésta ha sido ampliamente estudiada, e incluso se han propuesto nomogramas que permiten predecir los resultados de algunas geometrías; a pesar de esto, las experiencias postoperatorias han demostrado que la tasa de éxito de las cirugías es baja, ya que se presenta hipocorrección o hipercorrección de los pacientes, obligándolos a usar ayudas externas o llevándolos a someterse nuevamente a una cirugía. Teniendo en cuenta esto, se desarrolló una plataforma para simular estas cirugías por medio del método de elementos finitos, empleando los programas Matlab y COMSOL Multiphysics. Por medio de la rutina creada es posible obtener un modelo de la córnea preoperatoria que se asemeje tanto en geometría, como en condiciones de esfuerzo, a la córnea real; adicionalmente, es posible adaptar la geometría de la queratotomía radial que desee simularse. Se realizaron simulaciones para una cirugía compuesta de dos arcos y otra de tres arcos; los resultados obtenidos demuestran la capacidad de la simulación numérica para avanzar en el desarrollo de la cirugía refractiva, al ser posible estudiar parámetros, que de forma experimental, son difíciles de tener en cuenta, como la geometría inicial de la córnea y la edad del paciente, lo cual influye en el módulo de elasticidad del material; por otra parte, se encontró que esta aplicación es una potencial herramienta para los oftalmólogos, pues tiene la capacidad de predecir los resultados postoperatorios.


Radial keratotomy is used as a methodology to correct refractive errors. This surgery has been widely studied and also nomograms have been proposed in order to predict postoperative results of some types of keratotomies. Despite these eff orts, surgical evidence has shown a low success rate because of undercorrection or overcorrection, forcing patients to use spectacles or contact lenses, after surgery, or even leads them to a new procedure. A simulation platform was developed in an attempt to study these surgeries, employing the finite element method, using Matlab and COMSOL Multiphysics simultaneously. The routine is capable of simulate the preoperative cornea in terms of geometry and stress configuration. Also, it could be adapted to simulate any kind of radial keratotomy LASIK and PRK surgeries. Simulations for a double arc keratotomy and a triple arc keratotomy were developed. Results provide evidence of the capability of the platform to improve knowledge of refractive surgery taking into account the possibility to analyze the effect produced by corneal geometry and patient age, which aff ects the elastic modulus of the material, parameters difficult to analyze in an in-vivo experiment. Besides, it demonstrates the potential of the program as a tool for the surgeon to plan refractive surgery.


Assuntos
Ceratotomia Radial/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Córnea/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/métodos
6.
Ophthalmologe ; 111(6): 539-42, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24942120

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Within less than 30 years refractive laser surgery has been developed from an experimental technique to one of the most frequently applied procedures in ophthalmology worldwide. RESULTS: Regarding the success rate of refractive results, myopia correction has reached a level (95% within ± 0.5 D) that is comparable to manifest refraction so that there is not much room for improvement. The most recently developed technique is femtosecond laser lenticule extraction which was introduced in 2007 in Germany. Early clinical results were very promising but the awaited bilateral comparative studies are still lacking. Although new laser types that will be able to provide improved profiles are on the horizon, the problem of reoperations has not yet been solved. Topography-guided ablation is notoriously plagued by undercorrection so that topography-guided treatment is planned as a two step-procedure. The reason for the undercorrection is the leveling effect of the epithelium. PERSPECTIVES: The evolution of refractive surgery has slowed down during the last years, however, some important innovations are at the advent.


Assuntos
Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/métodos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Topografia da Córnea/tendências , Previsões , Erros de Refração/diagnóstico , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/tendências , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/tendências , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/instrumentação , Topografia da Córnea/instrumentação , Topografia da Córnea/métodos , Humanos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentação , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos
9.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 22(1)ene.-jun. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-44815

RESUMO

Evaluar comparativamente los resultados refractivos obtenidos en ojos operados con el uso de la keratomileusis in situ asistida con láser (LASIK) contra la keratomileusis subepitelial asistida con láser combinßndosele a esta última el uso de la mitomicina C (LASEK+MC). Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, experimental, comparativo en un total de 210 ojos de pacientes que acudieron a consulta para ser operados por algún defecto refractivo. Un total de 104 ojos fueron intervenidos por LASIK y 106 por LASEK+MC. Para comparar los resultados del estudio se realizaron varios exßmenes antes y después de operados los pacientes. Los defectos refractivos fueron superiores con significación estadística (p< 0,05, por t de Student) para los ojos operados por LASEK+MC, e incluso así hubo superioridad en los resultados visuales descritos por este proceder comparado con el LASIK. El haze (opacidad fibrosa cornal) fue un problema resuelto con el LASEK cuando se usó mitomicina C incluso en pacientes con altas miopías, también mejoró la calidad de vida de estos. La cirugía corneal con láser por la técnica de LASEK+MC demostró ser tan confiable como la de LASIK para la corrección de ametropías, además ofrece muchas ventajas que favorecen que el paciente disfrute de una calidad de vida superior, con menos riesgos pos operatorios(AU)


Evaluating comparatively the refractive results obtained in eyes operated by keratomileusis in situ assisted with laser (LASIK) versus keratomileusis subepithelial assisted with laser plus Mitomycin C (LASEK + MC). A prospective, experimental and comparative study was performed in 210 eyes of patients who went to see the specialist to be operated from some refractive defect. A total of 104 eyes were operated by LASIK and 106 by LASEK + MC. In order to compare the results of study, several tests were made before and after surgery. The refractive defects were greater with statistical significance (p< 0,05, for Student's t) for the eyes operated by LASEK + MC. The visual result of the LASEK with MC surgery was better than that of LASIK. Haze was a problem resolved for the LASEK when included Mitomycin C in patients with high myopia, in addition to improvement of quality of life of the patients. The corneal surgery with laser through the LASEK technique plus use of Mitomycin C demonstrated being as reliable as that with LASIK for ametropy correction, since it provides additional advantages that increases the quality of life of patient, with less postoperative risks(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico
10.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 22(1)ene.-jun. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-576618

RESUMO

Evaluar comparativamente los resultados refractivos obtenidos en ojos operados con el uso de la keratomileusis in situ asistida con láser (LASIK) contra la keratomileusis subepitelial asistida con láser combinßndosele a esta última el uso de la mitomicina C (LASEK+MC). Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, experimental, comparativo en un total de 210 ojos de pacientes que acudieron a consulta para ser operados por algún defecto refractivo. Un total de 104 ojos fueron intervenidos por LASIK y 106 por LASEK+MC. Para comparar los resultados del estudio se realizaron varios exßmenes antes y después de operados los pacientes. Los defectos refractivos fueron superiores con significación estadística (p< 0,05, por t de Student) para los ojos operados por LASEK+MC, e incluso así hubo superioridad en los resultados visuales descritos por este proceder comparado con el LASIK. El haze (opacidad fibrosa cornal) fue un problema resuelto con el LASEK cuando se usó mitomicina C incluso en pacientes con altas miopías, también mejoró la calidad de vida de estos. La cirugía corneal con láser por la técnica de LASEK+MC demostró ser tan confiable como la de LASIK para la corrección de ametropías, además ofrece muchas ventajas que favorecen que el paciente disfrute de una calidad de vida superior, con menos riesgos pos operatorios.


Evaluating comparatively the refractive results obtained in eyes operated by keratomileusis in situ assisted with laser (LASIK) versus keratomileusis subepithelial assisted with laser plus Mitomycin C (LASEK + MC). A prospective, experimental and comparative study was performed in 210 eyes of patients who went to see the specialist to be operated from some refractive defect. A total of 104 eyes were operated by LASIK and 106 by LASEK + MC. In order to compare the results of study, several tests were made before and after surgery. The refractive defects were greater with statistical significance (p< 0,05, for Student's t) for the eyes operated by LASEK + MC. The visual result of the LASEK with MC surgery was better than that of LASIK. Haze was a problem resolved for the LASEK when included Mitomycin C in patients with high myopia, in addition to improvement of quality of life of the patients. The corneal surgery with laser through the LASEK technique plus use of Mitomycin C demonstrated being as reliable as that with LASIK for ametropy correction, since it provides additional advantages that increases the quality of life of patient, with less postoperative risks.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Mitomicina/uso terapêutico
12.
Ophthalmologe ; 103(3): 175-83, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16477347

RESUMO

The predictability and quality of results in corneal refractive laser surgery are determined by a number of factors. Here, the calculation and choice of the ablation profile represent central elements. Our growing knowledge about the physical and optical properties of the eye in recent years has led to the development of different strategies in the generation of ablation profiles. This review describes the currently used ablation profiles with their advantages and disadvantages and provides an outlook on future methods for the calculation of ablation profiles.


Assuntos
Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/métodos , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Refrativos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/tendências , Córnea/cirurgia , Cirurgia da Córnea a Laser/instrumentação , Previsões , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/instrumentação , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências
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