Propuesta de plan de cuidados para pacientes con cirugía de reasignación sexual / Proposal of a care plan for patients with sex reassignment surgery

Introducción: independientemente del nivel científicotécnico del médico que realiza la cirugía, de los recursos materiales de que se dispongan y de la tecnología de punta utilizada, no es posible una intervención quirúrgica exitosa sin la actuación de profesionales del cuidado competentes, con un profundo contenido humano y ético.Objetivo: proponer un plan de cuidados para pacientes con cirugía de reasignación sexual, integrando la teoría de las 14 necesidades básicas de Virginia Henderson y el Modelo de la adaptación de Sor Callista Roy.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una institución de salud del tercer nivel de atención durante el año 2011. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por personas de ambos sexos a las que se les realizó cirugía de reasignación sexual durante los años 2008 al 2011. Se utilizó el método observacional documental de historias clínicas, de donde se obtuvo la información necesaria. Las variables de estudio fueron necesidades humanas afectadas las que se evaluaron según la teoría de las 14 necesidades básicas de Virginia Henderson. El plan de cuidados se diseñó por la taxonomía diagnóstica de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) y el Modelo de la adaptación de Sor Callista Roy. Resultados: las 14 necesidades básicas se encontraron afectadas en todas las personas estudiadas la valoración global y focalizada realizada generaron los 10 diagnósticos de enfermería precisos, igual número de objetivos y 64 acciones de enfermería con los que se cuidaron los pacientes durante el perioperatorio. Conclusiones: se concluyó que la aplicación en la práctica clínica de las teorías de Virginia Henderson y Sor Callista Roy orientó los cuidados y sustentaron la calidad de la atención de enfermería brindada a los pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico de reasignación sexual(AU)

Background: regardless the scientific and technological level of the doctor that performs surgery, the material resources they have and the technology used, a successful surgical intervention is not possible without the performance of competent care professionals, with a deep human and ethical content. Objective: to propose a care plan for patients with sex reassignment surgery, integrating the theory of Virginia Henderson's 14 fundamental needs and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary health institution during the year 2011. The study universe was composed of persons of both sexes to whom sex reassignment surgery was performed during the years 2008 and 2011. The documentary observational method of clinical histories was used, from which the necessary information was obtained. The study variables were affected human needs, which were evaluated according to Virginia Henderson's 14 fundamental needs. The care plan was designed by the diagnostic taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) and the Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. Results: the 14 fundamental needs were affected in all the persons under study; the global focused assessment conducted reported the 10 accurate nursing diagnosis, the same number of objectives and 64 nursing actions carried out for the care of the patients during the perioperative period. Conclusions: it was concluded that the application of Virginia Henderson's 14 fundamental needs and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model in clinical practice, oriented the care and sustained the quality of nursing attention given to patients with sex reassignment surgical treatment(AU)

Relationship challenges and relationship maintenance activities following disclosure of transsexualism.

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: • Transsexual persons are increasing their visibility in society, and health care providers and others (such as social workers) will be called upon to help with issues that transsexual persons face. Challenges that face transsexual persons often include issues involving relationships. Psychiatric and mental health nurses and other caregivers can increase their therapeutic skills in working with couples that include transsexual persons by becoming aware of these challenges and subsequent activities that can help with them. • This research study looks at couple relationships in which one partner reveals male-to-female transsexual identity. These are relationships that were established as man-woman and now will transition into relationships that include a male-to-female person and a female partner. • Common challenges for these couples include issues related to: (1) sexual identity and relationship uncertainty; (2) male-to-female transition decision making; and (3) presenting in public. • Relationship maintenance activities that helped the couples in the study maintain and strengthen their relationships through these challenges include: (1) communication; (2) self-talk (for example, putting the situation in perspective); (3) social networks; (4) positive interactions; (5) impression management (for example, managing displays of affection in public); and (6) social activism. ABSTRACT: This qualitative study describes the relational dynamics that help sustain relationships of couples that include male-to-female transsexual persons (MTF) and their natal female partners (NF) following disclosure of transsexualism. Relationship challenges and relationship maintenance activities are identified. Each partner in 17 MTF-NF couples participated in individual surveys and interviews. The data were coded for themes related to relationship challenges and activities. MTF-NF couples experience challenges within the contexts of their relationships and of society. These challenges include: (1) sexual identity and relationship uncertainty; (2) male-to-female transition decision making; and (3) public presentation. Relationship maintenance activities enabled the study couples to maintain and strengthen their relationships through these challenges. These activities include: (1) communication; (2) self-talk; (3) social networks; (4) positivity; (5) impression management; and (6) social activism. Via this report, psychiatric and mental health nurses can increase their therapeutic skills in working with MTF-NF couples.