Role Of Choledochoduodenostomy Revisited In The Era Of Minimal Invasive Procedures.

BACKGROUND: Present era of endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have revolutionized surgical management of Common Bile Duct (CBD) stones. Open procedures like Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) have become a rarity but are not completely obsolete. It may be considered a relatively safe alternative when dealing with recurrent, too large or impacted stones, a failed ERCP, and CBD stricture with stones. The aim of this study was to establish safety, efficiency, cost effectiveness and easy availability of CDD in selected patients. METHODS: In this observational study, the outcome of 90 consecutive patients undergoing CDD between 1st January 1995 and 31st Dec, 2016 in surgical unit C, Ayub Medical Complex, Abbottabad was reviewed. Choledochoduodenostomy was offered to patients who refused or had a failed ERCP and when CBD size was more than 1cm. Common Bile Duct was anastomosed to Duodenum using standard technique. RESULTS: Medical records of 90 patients (age range 34-96 years) were reviewed; 5 were excluded and 85 were included in the study. Complication rate was 31.76% (n=27) including respiratory complications in 16.47% (n=14), wound infection in 10.6% (n=9), anastomotic leak in 2.35% (n=2) and Cholangitis in 1.18% (n=1) and Mortality in 1.18% (n=1). There was no evidence of Sump Syndrome. Total cost of procedure was Rs.50 as admission fee, which included daily provision of food and there were no room charges. CONCLUSIONS: Choledochoduodenostomy is a safe procedure, with fewer complications and significantly low cost. In case of ERCP failure, CDD is recommended.

Current assessment of choledochoduodenostomy: 130 consecutive series.

Introduction Cholelithiasis usually can be managed successfully by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) is one of the surgical treatment options but its acceptance remains debated because of the risk of reflux cholangitis and sump syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the current features and outcomes of patient undergoing CDD. Patients and methods We retrospectively analysed the surgical results of consecutive 130 patients treated by CDD between 1991 and 2013 and excluded five cases with a malignant disorder. Indications for surgery included endoscopic management where stones were difficult or failed to pass and primary common bile duct stones with choledochal dilatation. Incidences of reflux cholangitis, stone recurrence, pancreatitis or sump syndrome were investigated and the data between end-to-side and side-to-side CDD were compared. Results Reflux cholangitis and stone recurrence was 1.6% (2/125) and 0% (0/125) of cases by CDD. There is no therapeutic-related pancreatitis in CDD. Sump syndrome was not also observed in side-to-side CDD. Conclusions This study is a first comparative study between end-to-side and side-to-side CDD. The surgical outcomes for CDD treatment of choledocholithiasis were acceptable. The incidence of reflux cholangitis, stone recurrence, pancreatitis and sump syndrome was very low.

Long-term results after laparoscopic transverse choledochotomy for common bile duct stones.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of laparoscopic transverse choledochotomy (TC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: Ductal stones were present in 344 of 3,212 patients (10.7%) who underwent LC. The procedure was completed laparoscopically in 329 cases (95.6%), with a TC in 138 cases (41.9%) (the subjects of this study), and with a transcystic duct approach in 191 cases (58.1%). RESULTS: Biliary drainage was used in 131 of 138 cases (94.9%). There were major complications in eight patients (5.7%), and one patient died (0.7%). Retained stones were seen in 11 cases (8%). None of the patients was lost to follow-up (mean, 72.3 months; range, 11-145). Ductal stones recurred in five patients (3.6%). No signs of bile stasis and no biliary strictures were observed. In all, 121 patients are alive with no biliary symptoms; 16 have died from unrelated causes. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up after laparoscopic TC during LC proved its safety and efficacy.

[Simultaneous operations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. / Simultannye operatsii pri vypolnenii laparoskopicheskoi kholetsistektomii.

Simultant laparoscopic operations were performed in 1993-2003 yrs period in 321 patients, including 287--using laparoscopic and 34--the combined (laparoscopic and open) access. Concurrent diseases were diagnosed preoperatively in 219 (68.2%) of patients and were disclosed while doing intraoperative revision--in 102 (31.8%). The simultant operations performance, as a rule, enhanced mildly the total duration of a basic stage, did not influence the duration of postoperative period and the patients rehabilitation essentially, as well as for frequency of the intra--and postoperative complications occurrence. The authors consider that it is expedient to perform laparoscopic intervention simultaneously for concurrent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity.

[Meta-analysis on curative effects of surgical procedures for intrahepatic bile duct lithiasis].

OBJECTIVE: To compare curative effects of various surgical procedures of bile duct stones. METHODS: Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-five patients with intrahepatic bile duct lithiasis who had undergone various surgical procedures were analysed with Meta-analysis. Some of these cases were reported in Chinese Medical Journals from January 1990 to March 2001 and others were from Tongji Hospital. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between curative effects of non-hepatectomy and that of hepatectomy (chi(2) = 62.945, P < 0.01), and the outcomes of hepatectomy were much better than those of non-hepatectomy with OR(S) equalled to 0.303 (0.222 - 0.413). There was not a significant difference between curative effect of interposed jejunum and that of hepatectomy (95% CI of RR from 0.98 to 1.04). All the other operation, effects were worse than hepatectomy (upper limit of 95% CI of RR < 1). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatectomy is the most ideal surgery for intrahepatic bile duct stones and operation methods should be diversified since good effect could also be obtained when other operations are performed on suitable cases.

Resultado de tratamiento quirúrgico de cáncer vesicular / Surgical treatment results of gallbladder cancer

El cáncer vesicular en Chile es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en la población femenina. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los resultados a corto y largo plazo de los pacientes operados por cáncer vesicular en nuestra institución. Se revisaron, en forma retrospectiva, los registros de los pacientes tratados por cáncer vesicular entre enero de 1978 y diciembre de 1997. Se consideró cirugía con intención curativa cuando no hubo evidencia macroscópica de tumor residual. Las cifras de sobrevida a 5 años fueron estimadas con el método de Kaplan Meier y la significación entre ellos con el método de log-rank. De un total de 205 casos, 155 fueron mujeres (76 por ciento) y 50 hombres (24 por ciento). La edad promedio fue de 63 años (i:22-88 años). Del total, 165 casos recibieron algún tratamiento quirúrgico. De las operaciones realizadas 28 por ciento fueron con intención curativa y 72 por ciento paliativa. El diagnóstico preoperatorio de cáncer vesicular fue hecho en el 34 por ciento de los casos. Las patologías biliares más frecuentemente asociadas con cáncer vesicular fueron colelitiasis en un 95 por ciento, colecistitis aguda en un 24 por ciento, coledocolitiasis en un 21 por ciento, colangitis en un 6 por ciento y fístulas biliodigestivas en un 4 por ciento. La morbilidad y mortalidad operatoria fueron 28 por ciento y 6 por ciento, respectivamente. De acuerdo al estudio histopatológico, 4 por ciento de los casos tuvieron cáncer mucoso, 6 por ciento invasión limitada a la capa muscular, 28 por ciento hasta la subserosa y un 62 por ciento más allá de la serosa. La sobrevida global a 5 años fue de 7,9 por ciento. La sobrevida a 5 años en pacientes sometidos a cirugía con intención curativa fue de 30 por ciento y en aquellos con intención paliativa fue de 3 por ciento. La sobrevida a 5 años de los tumores con invasión hasta la muscular alcanzó al 89 por ciento. Conclusión: a pesar de que el 90 por ciento de los casos fueron tumores avanzados, el diagnóstico preoperatorio fue hecho sólo en un 34 por ciento. El pronóstico general del cáncer vesicular sigue siendo pobre y los esfuerzos deben centralizarse en la detección de la enfermedad en etapas tempranas

Cirugía laparoscópica avanzada / Advanced laparoscopic surgery

El vertiginoso y exitoso desarrollo de la colecistectomía laparoscópica ha orientado este abordaje hacia la resolución de otras patologías quirúrgicas. Es lo que se conoce como cirugía laparoscópica avanzada. Iniciamos un registro prospectivo en el programa Epi Info 5.01, en diciembre de 1996. Hasta julio de 1997 hemos operado 17 pacientes, 10 mujeres y 7 hombres, de 27 a 56 años. Fueron 6 vagotomías supraselectivas, 4 fundoplicaturas, 2 de ellas con hernia hiatal, se les agregó cierre del hiato, 4 gastroplastias en obesidad mórbida, una quistoperiquistectomía parcial en quiste hidatídico hepático y 7 coledocostomías. No hubo morbimortalidad atribuibles a las técnicas empleadas. Hubo satisfacción en los enfermos operados, no hay a la fecha recidiva ulcerosa ni de reflujo gastroesofágico. Los obesos mórbidos han bajado 8 kg por mes y aún no alcanzan su estabilización ponderal. Consideramos que la cirugía laparoscópica avanzada puede ser empleada por cualquier cirujano diestro en colecistectomía laparoscópica y con experiencia en las técnicas de cirugía convencional

[A minimally invasive approach in choledocholithiasis]. / Abordul miniinvaziv al litiazei de cale biliara principala.

In the last years several less aggressive procedures diminished the role of open choledochotomy (CT) in the treatment of common bile duct (CBD) lithiasis. Between them are endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and laparoscopic choledochotomy. In a lap of 18 month were followed up, in a prospective way, all the cases of CBD lithiasis admitted in our department. Twenty-seven patients were treated by EST and 28 by CT. The endoscopy was as efficient as open CT in clearing the CBD (85% vs. 83%). Even if the endoscopic group was at a higher risk the morbidity was lower than in the classic approach and the mortality was the same (3.5%). The most common complication after EST was acute pancreatitis (7.5%). The mean hospital stay was lower after EST. Near by are discussed 3 cases of associated gallbladder and CBD lithiasis treated exclusively by laparoscopic approach.

Coledocoduodenoanastomosis laparoscópica (CDA) / Translaparoscopic choledochoduodenostomosis (TCD)

Se presentan 19 pacientes a los que se le intentó realizar una colédoco-duodeno anastomosis (C.D.A.) por laparoscopía, 7 por neoplasias cefalopancreáticas y 12 por litiasis coledociana con megacolédoco. En 17, el procedimiento fue exitoso por esta vía debiendo convertirse en 2 casos por adherencias y hemorragia. Dieciseis pacientes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente y uno debió ser reintervenido por vía convencional a los 19 días por presentar colección hemática subfrénica. La C.D.A., si bien requiere un alto entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica, se mostró factible, muy efectiva como derivación biliodigestiva y con las ventajas propias de los métodos miniinvasivos

Coledocoduodenoanastomosis laparoscópica (CDA) / Translaparoscopic choledochoduodenostomosis (TCD)

Se presentan 19 pacientes a los que se le intentó realizar una colédoco-duodeno anastomosis (C.D.A.) por laparoscopía, 7 por neoplasias cefalopancreáticas y 12 por litiasis coledociana con megacolédoco. En 17, el procedimiento fue exitoso por esta vía debiendo convertirse en 2 casos por adherencias y hemorragia. Dieciseis pacientes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente y uno debió ser reintervenido por vía convencional a los 19 días por presentar colección hemática subfrénica. La C.D.A., si bien requiere un alto entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica, se mostró factible, muy efectiva como derivación biliodigestiva y con las ventajas propias de los métodos miniinvasivos (AU)

A clinical study of elderly patients with acute cholecystitis.

UNLABELLED: In recent years, an increase in average life expectancy has led to a rapid rise in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery for acute cholecystitis. We studied the clinical characteristics of elderly patients (aged 75 years of more) undergoing surgery for acute cholecystitis, as compared with those of non-elderly patients (aged less than 75 years) undergoing similar procedures. Twenty-four of the patients were elderly, and 44 were non-elderly. RESULTS: Echography and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed no characteristic findings specific to elderly patients, but a smaller proportion of elderly patients showed a three-layered structure of the gallbladder wall. The leukocyte count on admission was significantly lower in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients. As for therapy, a significantly higher proportion of elderly patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) + cholecystectomy + choledochotomy/choledocholithotomy, as compared with non-elderly patients. In contrast, cholecystectomy alone was performed more frequently in non-elderly patients than in elderly patients. The main postoperative complications were psychic symptoms and respiratory tract infections. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer for elderly patients, in part because they requested to remain in the hospital until they were able to perform activities of daily living.

Costo beneficio de la colecistectomía laparoscópica / Cost-benefit of the laparoscopic cholecistectomy

La colecistectomía laparoscópica presenta una relación costo beneficio muy favorable gracias a que incorpora la tecnología moderna en la colecistectomía. Esto significa un mayor costo del acto quirúrgico en sí mismo a nivel de pabellón por necesidad de equipos e instrumental quirúrgico nuevos y uso de material desechable, pero ello es compensado por menos días de hospitalización y fundamentalmente por menos días de ausencia laboral, por lo que el gasto para el país por concepto de tratamiento de la colelitiasis se reduce significativamente y a su vez permite grandes avances para el paciente

[Open surgery of choledochus in Denmark]. / Aben choledochuskirurgi i Danmark.

For each of the years 1991-1994 400, 209, 170 and 133 open common bile duct stone extraction were performed in Denmark, corresponding to 35%, 17%, 12% and 5% respectively of patients diagnosed with common bile duct stone. There was only little variation between the 16 hospital counties. The expected decrease in open common bile duct surgery corresponds to the introduction of several non-invasive methods for the treatment of common bile duct stones. To achieve further reduction in open surgery, centralization of the treatment of common bile duct stones is necessary.

Resultados de la coledocostomía clásica por coledocolitiasis: un punto de comparación para técnicas alternativas / Results of classical choledochostomy by choledocholithiasis: a comparison point to alternative technics

Se presentan los resultados de la coledocostomía clásica en el tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis no residual. Entre 1987 y 1992 se operaron 398 enfermos por coledocolitiasis. Se dividieron en tres grupos I: 212 enfermos con coledocostomías electivas; II: 123 enfermos operados en forma semielectiva y III: 63 enfermos operados de urgencia. Los pacientes del grupo III tenían un promedio de edad (61 años) significativamente mayor que los del grupo I y II (53 años). Eran de riesgo quirúrgico bajo (ASA I o II) el 92 por ciento, 86 por ciento y 65 por ciento de los respectivos grupos. La frecuencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue significativamente más alta en los pacientes operados de urgencia grupo III: 26 por ciento contra un 7 por ciento y un 8 por ciento en los grupos I y II. La mortalidad operatoria fue también mayor en el grupo de urgencia: 7,9 por ciento contra 0 y 0.8 por ciento en los grupos electivo y semielectivo. Se concluye que la coledocostomía clásica electiva es de un riesgo quirúrgico muy bajo, el que aumenta considerablemente en los enfermos de urgencia. Se presenta esta actualización de resultados para servir de punto de comparación con los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos de la coledocolitiasis

A retrospective analysis of 6,387 cholecystectomies.

This is the largest retrospective analysis of biliary tract surgery ever reported involving 6,378 patients operated on during a three year period, 1990-1992. During this time interval, the frequency of laparoscopic procedures has increased dramatically. The use of laparoscopic procedures was associated with a significant decrease in the total length of hospital stay and total charges as compared to the open procedures. Because of laparoscopic surgery's increased acceptance, we propose that the frequency of laparoscopic surgery of the biliary tract should be used as a quality control measure.

La ruptura intrabiliar como complicación de la hidatidosis hepática / Hepatic cysts with communication to the biliary tree

Se presentan 91 casos de quistes hepáticos comunicados a la vía biliar, de 435 casos de hidatidosis hepática intervenidos. La hidatidosis es una enfermedad endémica de diversos países de la región Mediterránea, Sudamérica y el Pacífico, y el hígado es el principal órgano afectado. En su evolución la apertura hacia la vía biliar es la complicación más frecuente. Las operaciones radicales sobre el quiste proporcionan los mejores resultados con menor morbimortalidad. El tratamiento del sistema biliar debe asegurar la evacuación completa de los componentes del parásito y prevenir complicaciones especialmente relacionadas con la fuga biliar. La fístula biliar y el absceso subfrénico son las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes. La esfinteroplastia y coledocotomía con cierre primario son un procedimiento de elección

La ruptura intrabiliar como complicación de la hidatidosis hepática / Hepatic cysts with communication to the biliary tree

Se presentan 91 casos de quistes hepáticos comunicados a la vía biliar, de 435 casos de hidatidosis hepática intervenidos. La hidatidosis es una enfermedad endémica de diversos países de la región Mediterránea, Sudamérica y el Pacífico, y el hígado es el principal órgano afectado. En su evolución la apertura hacia la vía biliar es la complicación más frecuente. Las operaciones radicales sobre el quiste proporcionan los mejores resultados con menor morbimortalidad. El tratamiento del sistema biliar debe asegurar la evacuación completa de los componentes del parásito y prevenir complicaciones especialmente relacionadas con la fuga biliar. La fístula biliar y el absceso subfrénico son las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes. La esfinteroplastia y coledocotomía con cierre primario son un procedimiento de elección (AU)

Derivaçäo biliodigestiva: estudo de 27 casos / Biliodigestive derivation: study of 27 cases

Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de 27 pacientes submetidos à derivaçäo biliodigestiva devido a patologias da árvore biliar, no período de janeiro de 1985 a outubro de 1990, no Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de protocolo padronizado. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 58,8 anos, sendo 14 pacientes do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino. A dor abdominal foi o achado mais frequente no momento da admissäo. A litíase biliar foi a principal indicaçäo biliodigestiva, sendo a coledocoduodenoanastomose látero-lateral a técnica mais utilizada. Sete pacientes haviam sido submetidos à cirurgias anteriores do trato biliar. Näo houve complicaçöes ou óbitos no ato cirúrgico ou no seguimento dos pacientes

Long-term effects in bilio-digestive shunts.

Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and its effects were studied in patients with bile stones, operated by various bilio-digestive by-pass techniques, and followed up for 13-73 months. Ten patients underwent cholecystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy (CD), eight cholecystectomy and transduodenal sphincteroplasty (TDS) and ten cholecystectomy and endoscopic papillotomy (EP). The control group consisted of eight patients who had undergone minor surgery. DGR was studied by 99mTc-DISIDA scanning, and primary and secondary bile acids were assayed in reflux fluid. The effects were studied by gastroduodenoscopy and biopsies from the body of the stomach and antrum. Only patients operated by TDS (7/8) presented significant increases in DGR and bile acids (p < 0.008). Half the patients in this same group (4/8) had chronic atrophic gastritis and major clinical disorders. Some physiopathological mechanisms possibly involved in DGR and its effects are suggested.