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1.
Anal Methods ; 13(42): 5056-5064, 2021 11 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34651620

RESUMO

For electrochemical immunosensors, inexpensive electrodes with fast redox kinetics, and simple stable methods of electrode functionalization are vital. However, many inexpensive and easy to fabricate electrodes suffer from poor redox kinetics, and functionalization can often be difficult and/or unstable. Diazonium tosylates are particularly stable soluble salts that can be useful for electrode functionalization. Recently developed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) have been inexpensive, moldable, and highly electroactive carbon composite materials. Herein, the synthesis and grafting of diazonium tosylate salts were optimized for modification of TPEs and used to develop the first TPE immunosensors. With diazonium tosylates, TPEs were amine functionalized either directly through grafting of p-aminophenyl diazonium salt or indirectly through grafting p-nitrophenyl diazonium salt followed by electrochemical reduction to an amine. Diazonium tosylates were synthesized in situ as a paste in 6 min. Once the reaction paste was spread over the electrodes, near monolayer coverage (1.0 ± 0.2 nmol cm-2) was achieved for p-nitrophenyl diazonium salt within 5 min. Amine functionalized electrodes were conjugated to C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies. Antibody-modified TPEs were applied for the sensitive detection of CRP, a biomarker of cardiovascular disease using electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). LODs were determined to be 2 ng mL-1 in buffer, with high selectivity against interfering species for both functionalization methods. The direct p-aminophenyl modification method had the highest sensitivity to CRP and was further tested in spiked serum with an LOD of 10 ng mL-1. This low-cost and robust TPE immunosensor platform can be easily adapted for other analytes and multiplexed detection.


Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Eletrodos , Imunoensaio/métodos
2.
Molecules ; 25(9)2020 May 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32397126

RESUMO

This study depicts the use of a fiber-optic coupled Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) probe for the in-depth study of arene diazonium salt formation and their utilization in the Heck-Matsuda reaction. The combination of these chemical reactions and in situ IR spectroscopy enabled us to recognize the optimum parameters for arene diazonium salt formation and to track the concentrations of reactants, products and intermediates under actual reaction conditions without time consuming HPLC analysis and the necessity of collecting the sample amid the reaction. Overall advantages of the proposed methodology include precise reaction times as well as identification of keto enol tautomerization in allylic alcohols supporting the 'path a' elimination mechanism in the Heck-Matsuda reaction.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
3.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 59(19): 7425-7429, 2020 05 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32068943

RESUMO

Expanding the toolbox of C-H functionalization reactions applicable to the late-stage modification of complex molecules is of interest in medicinal chemistry, wherein the preparation of structural variants of known pharmacophores is a key strategy for drug development. One manifold for the functionalization of aromatic molecules utilizes diazo compounds and a transition-metal catalyst to generate a metallocarbene species, which is capable of direct insertion into an aromatic C-H bond. However, these high-energy intermediates can often require directing groups or a large excess of substrate to achieve efficient and selective reactivity. Herein, we report that arene cation radicals generated by organic photoredox catalysis engage in formal C-H functionalization reactions with diazoacetate derivatives, furnishing sp2 -sp3 coupled products with moderate-to-good regioselectivity. In contrast to previous methods utilizing metallocarbene intermediates, this transformation does not proceed via a carbene intermediate, nor does it require the presence of a transition-metal catalyst.


Assuntos
Alquilação , Fotoquímica , Catálise , Cátions , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Radicais Livres , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/síntese química , Metais/química , Metano/análogos & derivados
4.
Molecules ; 22(6)2017 Jun 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28604614

RESUMO

Diazocoupling reaction of curcumin with different diazonium salts of p-toluidine, 2-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine in pyridine yielded the arylhydrazones 2a-c. Arylhydrazone of p-toluidine reacted with urea, thiourea, and guanidine nitrate to produce 5,6-dihydropyrimidines. Further reaction of 2a with 2,3-diaminopyrdine in sodium ethoxide solution yielded 1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]diazepine derivative. Bis(2,5-dihydroisoxazole) is obtained from the reaction of 2a with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, while its reactions with hydrazines afforded the respective 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles. The target compounds were evaluated as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. The tested compounds showed good to moderate activities compared to ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol, respectively.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Aminopiridinas/química , Ampirona/síntese química , Ampirona/química , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/síntese química , Curcumina/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/patogenicidade , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patogenicidade , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Toluidinas/síntese química , Toluidinas/química
5.
ACS Chem Biol ; 11(12): 3233-3244, 2016 12 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27739661

RESUMO

Diazo groups have broad and tunable reactivity. That and other attributes endow diazo compounds with the potential to be valuable reagents for chemical biologists. The presence of diazo groups in natural products underscores their metabolic stability and anticipates their utility in a biological context. The chemoselectivity of diazo groups, even in the presence of azido groups, presents many opportunities. Already, diazo compounds have served as chemical probes and elicited novel modifications of proteins and nucleic acids. Here, we review advances that have facilitated the chemical synthesis of diazo compounds, and we highlight applications of diazo compounds in the detection and modification of biomolecules.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Ácidos Nucleicos/química , Proteínas/química , Alquilação , Aminoácidos/síntese química , Aminoácidos/química , Animais , Bioquímica/métodos , Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Reação de Cicloadição/métodos , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes/síntese química , Indicadores e Reagentes/química , Modelos Moleculares
6.
Molecules ; 21(7)2016 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27428944

RESUMO

The synthesis of diazonium salts is historically an important transformation extensively utilized in dye manufacture. However the highly reactive nature of the diazonium functionality has additionally led to the development of many new reactions including several carbon-carbon bond forming processes. It is therefore highly desirable to determine optimum conditions for the formation of diazonium compounds utilizing the latest processing tools such as flow chemistry to take advantage of the increased safety and continuous manufacturing capabilities. Herein we report a series of flow-based procedures to prepare diazonium salts for subsequent in-situ consumption.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Química Sintética , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Técnicas de Síntese em Fase Sólida , Temperatura
7.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 467: 271-279, 2016 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26803605

RESUMO

Since it was demonstrated that nanostructured surfaces are more efficient for the detection based on the specific capture of analytes, there is a real need to develop strategies for grafting nanoparticles onto flat surfaces. Among the different routes for the functionalization of a surface, the reduction of diazonium salts appears very attractive for the covalent immobilization of nanoparticles because this method does not require a pre-treatment of the surface. For achieving this goal, gold nanoparticles coated by precursor of diazonium salts were synthesized by reduction of gold salt in presence of mercaptoaniline. These mercaptoaniline-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@MA) were successfully immobilized onto various conducting substrates (indium tin oxide (ITO), glassy carbon (GC) and gold electrodes with flat terraces) after addition of sodium nitrite at fixed potential. When applied onto the gold electrodes, such a grafting strategy led to an obvious enhancement of the luminescence of luminol used for the biodetection.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Ouro/química , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Compostos Organoáuricos/análise , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Eletrodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Luminescência , Tamanho da Partícula , Propriedades de Superfície
8.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 51(65): 12924-7, 2015 Aug 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26186132

RESUMO

Donor-acceptor cyclopropenes are formed quantitatively or in high yield from enoldiazoacetates and enoldiazoacetamides under moderate thermal conditions. They are more versatile than their corresponding enoldiazocarbonyl compounds as carbene precursors.


Assuntos
Acetamidas/química , Acetatos/química , Ciclopropanos/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Nitrogênio/química , Acetamidas/síntese química , Acetatos/síntese química , Ciclopropanos/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Metano/análogos & derivados , Metano/síntese química , Metano/química , Temperatura
9.
Chemistry ; 21(19): 7082-98, 2015 May 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25877472

RESUMO

Lewis base adducts of tetra-alkoxy diboron compounds, in particular bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2 pin2 ), have been proposed as the active source of nucleophilic boryl species in metal-free borylation reactions. We report the isolation and detailed structural characterization (by solid-state and solution NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography) of a series of anionic adducts of B2 pin2 with hard Lewis bases, such as alkoxides and fluoride. The study was extended to alternative Lewis bases, such as acetate, and other diboron reagents. The B(sp(2) )-B(sp(3) ) adducts exhibit two distinct boron environments in the solid-state and solution NMR spectra, except for [(4-tBuC6 H4 O)B2 pin2 ](-) , which shows rapid site exchange in solution. DFT calculations were performed to analyze the stability of the adducts with respect to dissociation. Stoichiometric reaction of the isolated adducts with two representative series of organic electrophiles-namely, aryl halides and diazonium salts-demonstrate the relative reactivities of the anionic diboron compounds as nucleophilic boryl anion sources.


Assuntos
Compostos de Boro/química , Ânions/síntese química , Ânions/química , Compostos de Boro/síntese química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Fluoretos/síntese química , Fluoretos/química , Halogenação , Bases de Lewis/síntese química , Bases de Lewis/química
10.
Chemistry ; 21(6): 2298-308, 2015 Feb 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25404044

RESUMO

The synthetic utilities of the diazo and diazonium groups are matched only by their reputation for explosive decomposition. Continuous processing technology offers new opportunities to make and use these versatile intermediates at a range of scales with improved safety over traditional batch processes. In this minireview, the state of the art in the continuous flow processing of reactive diazo and diazonium species is discussed.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Catálise , Diazometano/síntese química , Diazometano/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Ródio/química
11.
Chemistry ; 20(46): 15208-15, 2014 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25251918

RESUMO

Two complementary methods for the synthesis of fluorinated exo-glycals have been developed, for which previously no general reaction had been available. First, a Selectfluor-mediated fluorination was optimized after detailed analysis of all the reaction parameters. A dramatic effect of molecular sieves on the course of the reaction was observed. The reaction was generalized with a set of biologically relevant furanosides and pyranosides. A second direct approach involving carbanionic chemistry and the use of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) was performed and this method gave better diastereoselectivities. Assignment of the Z/E configuration of all the fluorinated exo-glycals was achieved based on the results of HOESY experiments. Furthermore, fluorinated exo-glycal analogues of UDP-galactofuranose were prepared and assayed against GlfT2, which is a key enzyme involved in the cell-wall biosynthesis of major pathogens. The fluorinated exo-glycals proved to be potent inhibitors as compared with a series of C-glycosidic analogues of UDP-Galf, thus demonstrating the double beneficial effect of the exocyclic enol ether functionality and the fluorine atom.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Galactosiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonamidas/química , Difosfato de Uridina/análogos & derivados , Antituberculosos/síntese química , Antituberculosos/química , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Galactose/síntese química , Galactose/química , Galactose/farmacologia , Galactosiltransferases/metabolismo , Halogenação , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzimologia , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Difosfato de Uridina/síntese química , Difosfato de Uridina/química , Difosfato de Uridina/farmacologia
12.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 53(35): 9325-8, 2014 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25044348

RESUMO

The lomaiviticins and kinamycins are complex DNA damaging natural products that contain a diazofluorene functional group. Herein, we elucidate the influence of skeleton structure, ring and chain isomerization, D-ring oxidation state, and naphthoquinone substitution on DNA binding and damaging activity. We show that the electrophilicity of the diazofluorene appears to be a significant determinant of DNA damaging activity. These studies identify the monomeric diazofluorene 11 as a potent DNA cleavage agent in tissue culture. The simpler structure of 11 relative to the natural products establishes it as a useful lead for translational studies.


Assuntos
Clivagem do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Diazônio/farmacologia , Fluorenos/farmacologia , Animais , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , DNA/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fluorenos/síntese química , Fluorenos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
13.
Org Lett ; 15(16): 4110-3, 2013 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23919834

RESUMO

A transition-metal-free carboxyamidation process, using aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates and isocyanides under mild conditions, has been developed. This novel conversion was initiated by a base and solvent induced aryl radical, followed by radical addition to isocyanide and single electron transfer (SET) oxidation, affording the corresponding arylcarboxyamide upon hydration of the nitrilium intermediate.


Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cianetos/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Sais/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Sais/química
14.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 21(16): 4793-802, 2013 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23806834

RESUMO

Several C-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-phenyldiazomethanes, with different substituent groups at the para-position of the phenyl ring, were prepared. The stabilities of these diazo compounds were investigated through NMR and UV monitoring. The para-cyano substituted diazo compound was found to be stable in neutral media (pH 7.0 buffer) and could be isolated. Inhibitory activity investigations indicated that this compound is an irreversible inhibitor against α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Ligação Proteica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimologia , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo
15.
Chemphyschem ; 14(9): 1793-6, 2013 Jun 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23613084

RESUMO

So simple: The in situ synthesis of an aryldiazonium salt and an azo-aryldiazonium salt by azo coupling from sulfanilic acid and aniline is reported. Formation of a mixed organic layer is monitored by cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. A compact mixed layer is obtained with a global roughness of 0.4 nm and 10-15 % vertical extension in the range 1.5-6 nm.


Assuntos
Compostos Azo/química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Compostos de Anilina/química , Compostos Azo/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Sais/química , Ácidos Sulfanílicos/química
16.
Langmuir ; 29(15): 4772-81, 2013 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23527551

RESUMO

Supramolecular interactions between two surface modification species are explored to control the ratio and distribution of these species on the resultant surface. A binary mixture of aryl diazonium salts bearing oppositely charged para-substituents (either -SO3(-) or -N(+)(Me)3), which also reduce at different potentials, has been examined on glassy carbon surfaces using cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Striking features were observed: (1) the two aryl diazonium salts in the mixed solution undergo reductive adsorption at the same potential which is distinctively less negative than the potential required for the reduction of either of the two aryl diazonium salts alone; (2) the surface ratio of the two phenyl derivatives is consistently 1:1 regardless of the ratio of the two aryl diazonium salts in the modification solutions. Homogeneous distribution of the two oppositely charged phenyl species on the modified surface has also been suggested by XPS survey spectra. Diffusion coefficient measurements by DOSY NMR and DFT based computation have indicated the association of the two aryl diazonium species in the solution, which has led to changes in the molecular orbital energies of the two species. This study highlights the potential of using intermolecular interactions to control the assembly of multicomponent thin layers.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Substâncias Macromoleculares/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Teoria Quântica , Sais/síntese química , Sais/química , Propriedades de Superfície
17.
J Am Chem Soc ; 135(12): 4640-3, 2013 Mar 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23506151

RESUMO

We report herein a mild and catalytic intramolecular aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes. Thus, with the catalysis of AgNO3, the reactions of various N-arylpent-4-enamides with Selectfluor reagent in CH2Cl2/H2O led to the efficient synthesis of 5-fluoromethyl-substituted γ-lactams. A mechanism involving silver-catalyzed oxidative generation of amidyl radicals and silver-assisted fluorine atom transfer was proposed.


Assuntos
Alcenos/química , Lactamas/síntese química , Prata/química , Alcenos/síntese química , Aminas/síntese química , Aminas/química , Catálise , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Halogenação , Lactamas/química , Oxirredução , Água/química
18.
J Am Chem Soc ; 135(9): 3319-22, 2013 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23405987

RESUMO

We report controlling the formation of single-molecule junctions by means of electrochemically reducing two axialdiazonium terminal groups on a molecule, thereby producing direct Au-C covalent bonds in situ between the molecule and gold electrodes. We report a yield enhancement in molecular junction formation as the electrochemical potential of both junction electrodes approach the reduction potential of the diazonium terminal groups. Step length analysis shows that the molecular junction is significantly more stable, and can be pulled over a longer distance than a comparable junction created with amine anchoring bonds. The stability of the junction is explained by the calculated lower binding energy associated with the direct Au-C bond compared with the Au-N bond.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução
19.
J Org Chem ; 77(23): 10575-82, 2012 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23146162

RESUMO

The study describes a new "one-pot" route to the synthesis of N-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) α-amino diazoketones. The procedure was tested on a series of commercially available free or side-chain protected α-amino acids employed as precursors. The conversion into the title compounds was achieved by masking and activating the α-amino acids with a single reagent, namely, 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). The resulting N-protected mixed anhydrides were reacted with diazomethane to lead to the α-amino diazoketones, which were isolated by flash column chromatography in very good to excellent overall yields. The versatility of the procedure was verified on lipophilic α-amino acids and further demonstrated by the preparation of N-Fmoc-α-amino diazoketones also from α-amino acids containing side-chain masking groups, which are orthogonal to the Fmoc one. The results confirmed that tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), tert-butyl ((t)Bu), and 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofuran-5-sulfonyl (Pbf), three acid-labile protecting groups mostly adopted in the solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis, are compatible to the adopted reaction conditions. In all cases, the formation of the corresponding C-methyl ester of the starting amino acid was not observed. Moreover, the proposed method respects the chirality of the starting α-amino acids. No racemization occurred when the procedure was applied to the synthesis of the respective N-Fmoc-protected α-amino diazoketones from L-isoleucine and L-threonine and to the preparation of a diastereomeric pair of N-Fmoc-protected dipeptidyl diazoketones.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/síntese química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Dipeptídeos/química , Fluorenos/química , Fluorenos/síntese química , Aminoácidos/química , Compostos de Diazônio/química , Estrutura Molecular
20.
Chemistry ; 18(46): 14708-16, 2012 Nov 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23018420

RESUMO

Under acidic conditions, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was functionalized with p-aminobenzoic acid, which formed the diazonium ions through the diazotization with a wet-chemical method. Surfactants or stabilizers were not applied during the diazotization. After the functionalized rGO was treated through mild sonication in aqueous solution, these functionalized rGO sheets were less than two layers, which was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The water solubility of functionalized rGO after the introduction of polyethyleneimine (PEI) was improved significantly; it was followed by covalent binding of folic acid (FA) molecules to the functionalized rGO to allow us to specifically target CBRH7919 cancer cells by using FA as a receptor. The loading and release behaviors of elsinochrome A (EA) and doxorubicin (DOX) on the functionalized rGO sheets were investigated. The EA loading ratio onto rGO-C(6)H(4)-CO-NH-PEI-NH-CO-FA (abbreviated rGO-PEI-FA, the weight ratio of drug loaded onto rGO-PEI-FA) was approximately 45.56 %, and that of DOX was approximately 28.62 %. It was interesting that the drug release from rGO-PEI-FA was pH- and salt-dependent. The results of cytotoxicity (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM) assays, as well as cell morphology observations) clearly showed that the concentration of rGO-PEI-FA as the drug-delivery composite should be less than 12.5 mg L(-1). The conjugation of DOX and rGO-PEI-FA can enhance the cancer-cell apoptosis effectively and can also push the cancer cells to the vulnerable G2 phase of the cell cycle, which is most sensitive and susceptible to damage by drugs or radiation.


Assuntos
Compostos de Diazônio/química , Compostos de Diazônio/síntese química , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ácido Fólico/química , Grafite/química , Óxidos/química , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Citometria de Fluxo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Perileno/química , Perileno/farmacologia , Soluções , Água/química
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