RESUMO
The term of bioelectromagnetism include electromagnetosenzitive processes at the fundamental interaction of energetical fields with the matter. The alive matter has a dynamical, chemical and energetics structure, but above all, an intense informational activity. The bioelectromagnetism was gradually discovered and understood throughout history of humanity. J. Bernstein defined the cell's bioelectricity, Wagner calculated electrical conductivity and permeability of cells, starting from the Maxwell's field equations, others discovered "mitogenetic radiation" or "dark luminescence" or "ultraweak bioluminescence" and F. A. Popp founded the biophotons theory. On the other hand, Hirata and Nakatani finded points with different electrical conductivity on the surface of the skin and Voll invented the system of electro dermal testing. The practical applications of the bioelectromagnetism are the medical devices based on bioresonance, useful in diagnosis and treatment, as shown in the 17 studies (902 patients) published in 1999-2006.
Assuntos
Condutividade Elétrica/história , Eletrocardiografia/história , Eletroencefalografia/história , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Magnetoencefalografia/história , Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura/história , Eletroacupuntura/história , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História Antiga , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , RomêniaRESUMO
The development of an electron-theory of metals is closely connected with early speculation in the period before Maxwell (W Weber and others) regarding electrical conductivity in metals. These Speculations were in contrast with Faraday's view of an all-embracing molecular dielectric polarisation, and a subsequent passage of charges in metallic conductors. In terms of the empirical law of Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz, the conductivity of electricity and heat had to be treated commonly. The classical electron-theory of metals (Riecke, Drude, H.A. Lorentz) reached a dead end on account of problems concerned with specific heat capacity. Sommerfeld, by means of the Quantum theory and the Fermi-Statistic, could find the solution.
Assuntos
Condutividade Elétrica/história , Elétrons/história , Metais/história , Física/história , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIXRESUMO
This paper explores the implications of an early criticism of the stimulation studies of Fritsch and Hitzig and Ferrier for localized brain functions. Fritsch and Hitzig and Ferrier concluded that motor centers reside in the cortices of the hemispheres. Their studies were replicated, but their conclusions were not generally accepted initially. The most salient, laboratory-based criticism was that the electrical current used for stimulation diffused well beyond the cortex making their conclusion of cerebral motor centers unacceptable. The diffusion argument was essentially a French suggestion. Ferrier's and American research and interpretations provided data and arguments against it.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico/história , Eletrofisiologia/história , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Neurofisiologia/história , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Condutividade Elétrica/história , Estimulação Elétrica , França , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Se recuerdan los estudios iniciales acerca de la "irritabilidad" de los tejidos animales por científicos iatrofísicos o iatromecánicos, que llevaron al descubrimiento de la llamada electricidad animal, vislumbrada por Luigi Galvani en el siglo XVIII y demostrada por Carlo Matteucci y sus continuadores en el siglo XIX. A partir de la rana "reoscópica", que permitía valorar la corriente eléctrica en sentido cualitativo, se llegó a principios del siglo XX al electrocardiógrafo de cuerda presentado por Willem Einthoven en 1901. De ahí arrancó el camino que llevó a la construcción de aparatos siempre más perfeccionados hasta los sistemas actuales de mapeo endocárdico con tecnología magnética o con catéteres multipolares, que permiten identificar rápidamente el sitio de origen o las vías de propagación de una arritmia para su ablación con radiofrecuencia. Ahora se utiliza también la ecocardiografía intracardíaca para definir la anatomía de la aurícula derecha, durante la realización de la cartografía intracardíaca, con el fin de establecer los sitios más adecuados para dicha ablación. Por otra parte, se ha desarrollado un método lógico, i.e. racional, de la exploración eléctrica del corazón, introducido por Frank N. Wilson en Ann Arbor y aplicado con acierto por Sodi Pallares en México, del que son derivados importantes adelantos diagnósticos y notables implicaciones terapéuticas.
