A comprehensive national survey on malocclusion prevalence among Palestinian children.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine. METHODS: A stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically. RESULTS: The study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.

Maxillary Midline Diastemas in West African Smiles.

The maxillary midline diastema (MMD) has experienced a renaissance in popular culture over the last 10 years. Current literature states that MMDs should be eliminated where possible or be reduced to 1 mm or less in width. This literature review explores the evidence for this in a West African population. A systematic search of the literature (Medline and Google Scholar) followed by a hand search was carried out to identify all papers evaluating perceptions of MMDs. In all, 209 papers were identified in the literature search, 8 of which met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed that midline diastemas are desirable in this specific population with a width of 2 to 4 mm deemed as attractive. As many as 95% of participants found the MMD beautiful, and as many as 95% would consider having one created artificially. The literature does not support the position that MMDs larger than 1 mm should always be treated to be perceived as attractive in this population. MMDs are accepted as attractive and should be considered a key feature in smile design for this population.

Estudio de espacios fisiológicos en niños de 5 años de círculos infantiles. Policlínico René Vallejo Ortíz. Bayamo / Study of physiological spaces in 5-year-old children in children's circles. René Vallejo Ortiz Polyclinic. Bayamo

Introducción: los espacios primates y diastemas interincisales se presentan en la dentición decidua y en su gran mayoría son de carácter fisiológico, la presencia o ausencia de uno de estos tipos de diastema repercute directamente en la dentición mixta y permanente provocando apiñamiento dental y una maloclusión, estos espacios se presentan desde los 3 hasta los 6 años aproximadamente, donde el primer molar definitivo se presenta en boca cerrando los espacios. Objetivo: analizar los espacios primates y diastemas interincisales en dentición decidua en niños de los círculos infantiles que pertenecen al policlínico René Vallejo Ortíz de Bayamo. Método: la muestra estuvo constituida por 65 infantes de 5 años, de los cuales 33 masculinos y 32 femeninas que acudieron a la clínica estomatológica del Policlínico René Vallejo. Se le realizó una encuesta y con una regla milimétrica se midieron los espacios que presentan los diastemas interincisales y los espacios primates. Resultados: los espacios primates se presentaron en el 81.53 por ciento de los niños y se ausentaron en 18.46 por ciento tomando en cuenta solo los niños que presentaron espacios primates, los niños tuvieron mayor prevalencia con 50.94 por ciento y las niñas con 49.05 por ciento, por otro lado los diastemas interincisales se presentaron en el 78.46 por ciento de los niños y se ausentaron con el 21.53 por ciento tomando en cuenta solo los niños con diastemas interincisales, los niños tienen mayor prevalencia con el 50.98 por ciento y las niñas con el 49.01 por ciento, en cuanto al tipo de arco de Baumen más, frecuente en los niños es el tipo I con el 60 por ciento, seguido del tipo II con 21.53 por ciento y el tipo III con 18.46 por ciento, finalmente la probabilidad de apiñamiento fue menor que los espacios necesarios para la correcta ubicación de la dentición permanente. Conclusiones: la presencia de espacios de primates fue mayor que los diastemas interincisivos(AU)

Introduction: the primate spaces and interincisal diastemas occur in the deciduous dentition and most of them are physiological, the presence or absence of one of these types of diastema has a direct effect on the permanent and mixed dentition causing dental crowding and malocclusion, these spaces they appear from 3 to 6 years approximately, where the first definitive molar is presented in the mouth closing the spaces. Objective:to analyze the primate spaces and interincisal diastemas in deciduous dentition in children of nursery schools belonging to the Rene Vallejo Ortíz polyclinic in Bayamo. Method: the sample consisted of 65 infants of 5 years, of which 33 were male and 32 were female who attended the stomatological clinic of the René Vallejo Polyclinic. A survey was carried out and with a millimeter ruler the spaces presented by the interincisal diastemas and the primate spaces were measured.Results: the primate spaces were presented in 81.53 percent of the children and were absent in 18.46 percent taking into account only the children who presented primate spaces, the children had higher prevalence with 50.94 percent and the girls with 49.05 percent, on the other hand the interincisal diastemas occurred in 78.46 percent of children and were absent with 21.53 percent taking into account only children with interincisal diastemas, children have a higher prevalence with 50.98 por ciento and girls with 49.01 percent, in terms of the type of Baumen arc more, frequent in children is type I with 60 percent, followed by type II with 21.53 percent and type III with 18.46 percent, finally the probability of crowding was less than the spaces required for the correct location of the permanent dentition. Conclusions: the presence of primate spaces was greater than the interincisive diastemas. The male sex predominated in the physiological diastemas and primate spaces in both jaws. The type of bow according to Baumen most prevalent was type I in both sexes(EU)

Prevalence and analysis of equine periodontal disease, diastemata and peripheral caries in a first-opinion horse population in the UK.

Equine dental disease remains a widespread affliction in domestic horses, with the potential to cause significant welfare problems. This retrospective study aimed to increase understanding of this aspect of equine health by examining dental records of 932 horses, taken from a 1-year period of first-opinion practice in south-western England and southern Wales. Three grossly-identifiable dental diseases were analysed: equine periodontal disease, diastemata and peripheral caries. The prevalence of active periodontal disease, diastemata and peripheral caries were 13.9%, 8.7% and 8.2%, respectively. Periodontal disease was more common in the mandibular than maxillary arcades (P<0.001) and in the premolar (06-08) than molar (09-11) cheek teeth (P<0.001). Diastemata were also observed more frequently in the mandibular than the maxillary arcades (P<0.001) and in premolar than molar cheek teeth (P<0.001). Peripheral caries were significantly more common in molar than premolar cheek teeth (P<0.001). A positive association was demonstrated between periodontal disease and diastemata (Exp(B)=4.22; P<0.001). Increasing age was a significant risk factor for periodontal disease (P<0.001) and diastemata (P<0.001). Sex was not conclusively established as a risk factor for any dental disease.

Dental anomalies and orthodontic characteristics in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare and inherited disease caused by mutations in the GNAS-gene or upstream of the GNAS complex locus. It is characterized by end-organ resistance to PTH, resulting in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. We aimed to investigate the dental anomalies according to tooth types and the orthodontic characteristics of patients with PHP. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 29 patients (23 females) with PHP, living in Denmark, were included, and their clinical intraoral photos and radiographs were examined. RESULTS: Pulp calcification was found in 76% of the patients. Blunting of root apex was present in 55% and shortening of root in 48% of the examined patients. Blunting and shortening of roots were seen more often in premolars than in other tooth types (pboth < 0.01). Crowding of lower anterior teeth was frequently observed (36%) as well as diastema in the upper arch (25%), midline diastema (18%), and Class III malocclusion (11%). CONCLUSION: In the present study population, the teeth were frequently affected by pulp calcification and/or deviation of the root morphology. Blunting and shortening of root(s) were more often seen in premolars than in other tooth types. Class III malocclusion was relatively prevalent. It is important to pay attention to dental anomalies and occlusion in order to provide adequate care for patients with PHP.

Maxillary labial frenum morphology and midline diastema among 3 to 12-year-old schoolgoing children in Sri Ganganagar city: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Dentofacial aesthetics plays an important role in social interaction and psychological well-being because it affects how people perceive themselves and how they are perceived by society. The maxillary labial frenum is a fold of tissue, usually triangular in shape, extending from the maxillary midline area of the gingiva into the vestibule and mid portion of the upper lip. Maxillary anterior spacing or diastema is a common aesthetic complaint of patients and is frequently seen in children especially in the mixed dentition stage. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To estimate the prevalence of different morphologic types of maxillary labial frenum among children of age 3 - 12 years. 2. To find out the relationship between the level of insertion of the frenum and age of the child.3. To evaluate the correlation between frenum morphology, insertion and midline diastema in children. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The direct visual method under natural light was used and the upper lip was lifted with the index finger and thumb of both hands which allowed for the observation and classification of the labial frenum morphology according to Sewerin's typology and its attachment according to Placek et al. The midline diastema was determined by measuring the distance between the midpoints of the mesial surfaces of both central incisors with the help of divider and ruler. The values were recorded in the prepared schedule. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an abnormal frenum can be a cause in persistent midline diastemas. Tooth movement usually is deferred until eruption of the permanent canines but can begin early in certain cases with very large diastemas.

Morphological variations of median maxillary labial frenum: A clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Median maxillary labial frenum (MMLF) appears as a fold of mucous membrane extending from the lining of the mucous membrane of the lips towards the crest of the alveolar ridge on the labial surface. MMLF can demonstrate certain variations in their shape, size and position, both among individuals and within the same individual at different ages. Many clinicians, not being aware of the normal variations of median maxillary labial frenum misinterpret them as pathological entities. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of morphologic variations of MMLF, to classify the morphological variations of MMLF on the basis of their location on the frenum and to compare the morphological variations of MMLF among different age groups and genders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 700 males and 700 females of age 5 to 74 yrs, chosen randomly. They were equally divided on the basis of age into 7 groups, each group having equal gender distribution. The morphological variations of MMLF were classified according to Sewerin's classification and the attachments on the freni were further sub-classified. RESULTS: The commonest type of frenum was found to be the simple type, whereas bifid frenum was not found at all. Statistically significant difference was found in proportion of types of frenum among the different age groups and also in proportion of types of frenum among the different sites of presence of frenal attachments. No statistically significant difference was found in proportion of types of frenum in male and female subjects. CONCLUSION: This study shows that MMLF presents with an array of morphological variations. These morphological variations may sometimes pose a complicating factor in maintaining oral hygiene, speech, mastication, esthetics, denture construction, etc. Hence, appropriate recognition of frenal variations and subsequent modification of treatment procedures are essential for a successful outcome of therapy.

Prevalence of occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need in 14 year-old adolescents in Northeast Italy.

AIM: Studies on prevalence of malocclusion support the planning and provision of public dental services. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits in adolescents aged 14 years from public secondary schools in the area of Health District n.15 - Veneto region, Italy. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Out of a randomly selected sample of 1187 subjects, 444 adolescents (55% males, 45% females) were evaluated in the school settings according to the criteria adopted by Brunelle et al. [1996]. Alginate impressions were then taken for 380 students together with a wax bite. The occlusal traits of the cast were analysed and IOTN was established. RESULTS: The most common occlusal traits measured on casts were overjet >3 mm (48%), overbite >3 mm (39%), midline misalignment (32%), crowding (30%), 99% of the sample showed at least one occlusal trait. Class I molar relationship prevailed (75.5%) and the prevalence of molar asymmetries was 21.9%. The prevalence of anterior and posterior crossbite and open bite was significantly higher in females, while the mean values of overjet and overbite were higher in males. The distribution of IOTN in the study population showed that only 49.5% had no or little need of treatment, and more than one third (35.8%) were assigned a 4 or 5 score. STATISTICS: Descriptive statistics are expressed as a percentage (± confidence interval) or mean ± standard deviation, according to the nature of the variable. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes indicate a high prevalence of the aforementioned occlusal traits and also a high need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in Northeast Italy.

Measurement of Incisor Overjet and Physiological Diastemata Parameters in Quarter Horse Foals.

Cephalometric studies are important to quantify abnormalities of jaw length and positioning. In this study, 4 to 7-month-old Quarter horse foals (n = 51) were examined to determine overjet (horizontal overlap) prevalence and measure the size of the physiological diastemata. Results were analyzed in relation to age, sex, and lineage. Another aim of this study was to develop a simple field technique for measuring incisor malocclusion and physiological diastemata dimensions that could be used to monitor the growth of the rostral components of maxilla, incisive bone, and mandible. The overall prevalence of overjet lesions in these foals was 51%. Females were overrepresented (61.5%). Overjet occurred more commonly in show foals (50% prevalence) than other working (7.7%) and race (42.3%) lineage foals. Significant differences were found between maxillary and mandibular physiological diastemata lengths in foals of all ages and, as expected, there was a positive statistical correlation between age and maxillary and mandibular physiological diastemata measurements. Incisor overjet was present in 44.4% of 4-month-old foals, 45.5% of 5-month-old foals, 58.3% of 6-month-old foals, and 60% of 7-month-old foals. There was a weak positive correlation between age and the presence of incisor overjet. It was concluded that incisor overiet was common among Quarter horse foals, especially those from show and race lineages. The field technique for physiological diastema measurements was considered effective.

The Relationship between Caries and Malocclusion in Chinese Migrant Workers' Children in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between caries and malocclusion in the early and late mixed dentition in a population of children of Chinese migrant workers in Shanghai. METHODS: Dental charts were obtained for 646 children in the mixed dentition, aged between 6 and 13 years old. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and interproximal tooth structure lost due to caries (ITSLC) were evaluated. RESULTS: In the early mixed dentition, overbite was more likely to be ideal in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the late mixed dentition, crowding in both arches was greater in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the total sample, crowding in the lower arch only was greater in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the early mixed dentition, upper crowding was lower in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and in both arches and the rate of anterior crossbite was higher in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch. In the late mixed dentition, overjet was more likely to be ideal in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and upper crowding was greater in subjects with ITSLC in both arches. In the total sample, overjet was more likely to be ideal in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and lower crowding was greater in subjects with ITSLC in both arches. CONCLUSION: A relationship exists between caries and malocclusion, and between ITSLC and malocclusion, and some relationships may change with dental age.

[Epidemiological study of dental and facial asymmetries in a sample of preschool subjects]. / Studio epidemiologico delle asimmetrie facciali e dentali in un campione di soggetti in età prescolare.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the typologies of facial and dental asymmetries in a sample of children aged between 3 and 6 years and to correlate these asymmetries with possible morphological and functional situations. DESIGN: cross-sectional observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: sample of 95 subjects aged between 3 and 6 years. Clinical data were collected in 10 sessions conducted during school hours in April 2013 by a doctor of Dentistry at two preschools in the city of Sanremo (Liguria Region, Northern Italy) and a kindergarten in the city of Pavia (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy). To collect the data, a weighted clinical questionnaire was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: presence and type of bad habit, type of breathing, presence and type of facial asymmetry, dental formula, presence of diastema, presence and type of occlusal asymmetries, presence and type of dental malocclusions. RESULTS: analysed sample consisted of 53.7% (51/95) of males and 46.3 % (44/95) females; the mean age was 4.3 ± 0.9 years. Most frequent facial asymmetry is orbits asymmetry (35%, 33/95); dental malocclusions are detected in 70%(67/95) of cases. High percentage of subjects (69.5%, 66/95) presents displacement between superior dental midline (SDM) and inferior dental midline (IDM). Several statistically significant associations are observed: in particular, asymmetry of molar ratios is linked to asymmetry of the cheekbones and displacement of the SDM; facial midline has statistical association with asymmetry of the cheekbones (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: the results of this study agree with scientific literature, in particular as regards the prevalence of compromising habits observed and the close correlation between: the presence of dental malocclusions and the presence of compromising habits, the presence of dental malocclusions and the presence of oral breathing.

Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected nigerian population.

BACKGROUND: Maxillary midline diastema (MMD) is generally regarded as a symbol of beauty in Nigeria. The desperation to look beautiful has caused many individuals to seek the creation of artificial midline diastema and that comes often with undesirable side effects. AIM: To determine the prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema (MMD) and its complications in a selected Nigerian population. METHOD: A cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire as the instrument for data collection was done among patients attending a private clinic in Owerri the capital of Imo state in Nigeria over a period of 18 months. The data were retrieved from the questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS version 20. RESULTS: There were 141 respondents comprising 58(41.1%) males and 83(58.9%) females, giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. The prevalence of artificially created MMD was 34.0% with increased frequency in: the 21-30 years age group; among the females and in respondents with tertiary level of education. Majority of the respondents (69.5%) desire MMD and 20.8% of those without it wanted it created through cosmetic dentistry. Twenty of the 48 respondents with artificial MMD had it done to enhance personal beauty and aesthetics. The commonest complication was tooth sensitivity (44.8%), followed by toothache (41.4%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of artificially created MMD was 34.0% in this study; and it is commoner in females and younger age group .The commonest complication was tooth sensitivity. Enhancement of personal beauty and aesthetic was the major reason for having it done.

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the orthodontic treatment needs of patients attending a Nigerian Teaching Hospital using the Dental Aesthetic Index. METHOD: One hundred and fifty study models of patients who attended the Orthodontic clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were assessed using the DAI. The data was collected using an evaluation form. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square values and t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean DAI score was 31.5 ± 9.7. Overall, 32% of the subjects had no need or slight need for orthodontic treatment. In 23.3% the need for treatment was elective. Severe malocclusion with treatment highly desirable was found in 16.7% and 28% had handicapping malocclusion with treatment considered mandatory. There were no significant gender differences with regard to the DAI treatment categories (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in mean DAI scores between age groups, gender and social class (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that close to one-third of the subjects had dental appearance that did not require treatment. A significant proportion (28%) of the subjects had very severe (handicapping) malocclusion and could qualify for publicly subsidized orthodontic treatment.

Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits among adolescents and young adults in Rivers State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A systematic and well-organized dental care program for any target population in a community requires some basic information, such as the prevalence of the condition to be assessed. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among predominantly Rivers State adolescents and to compare the results with other authors. METHODS: The sample which was randomly selected from seven secondary schools comprised 620 schoolchildren, 297 (48%) males and 323 (52%) females aged 13-20 years old with a mean age of 16.74 +/- 2.0 (SD) years. The children were examined for occlusal traits which included the occlusal antero-posterior relationship (Angles classification), overjet, overbite, openbite, crossbite, spacing and crowding. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) protocol was employed in their classrooms using wooden spatulae and orthodontic millimeter rulers under natural illumination. None of the subjects had undergone any form of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Results showed that about 11.8% had normal occlusions, 80.3% had Class I malocclusions, 6.3% had Class II malocclusions (Div 1, 3.9%; Div 11, 2.4%) and 1.6% had Class III malocclusions. About 70% had normal overjets, normal overbite was seen in about 56%, whilst in the maxillary arch 14.4% had crowding and 60% spacing. Open bite was present in 7.1% while crossbite was found in 17.1%. Significant gender differences were found for overbite, overjet and Angles classification (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Angles Class I malocclusion is the predominant occlusal pattern among these students. This finding compares favorably with other studies done in other parts of Nigeria.

Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012.

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain if there has been a change in the frequency of appearance of maxillary midline diastema in two leading women's fashion magazines over a decade. METHODS: Two observers counted the frequency of maxillary midline diastema that appeared in Caucasian female models featured in British Vogue and Glamour (UK). RESULTS: An increase in the frequency of maxillary midline diastema appearing in both publications was observed between 2003 and 2012. CONCLUSIONS: This change may indicate an increase in the acceptance of the maxillary midline diastema, which may in turn, influence orthodontic and aesthetic dentistry treatment planning.

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need evaluated among subjects with Down syndrome using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment among persons with Down Syndrome (DS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study participants were 113 persons with DS from the selected community-based rehabilitation center who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten occlusal characteristics of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were measured on study models to determine the degree of malocclusion. A single score represented the dentofacial anomalies, determined the level of severity, and determined the need for orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Crowding in the anterior maxillary and mandibular arch was the main malocclusion problems among the subjects with DS. Comparison between age group and genders revealed no significant differences in four categories of orthodontic treatment need (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Most of the subjects with DS (94; 83.2%) had severe and very severe malocclusion, which indicated a desirable and mandatory need for orthodontic treatment.

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test, with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender ; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test (c²), with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de mesiodens nos estágios de dentição decídua e mista, e verificar sua associação com outras anomalias dentárias. MÉTODOS: radiografias panorâmicas de 1.995 pacientes ortodônticos foram analisadas retrospectivamente, obtendo-se uma amostra de 30 pacientes com o mesiodens. Os seguintes aspectos foram analisados: distribuição entre os sexos, número de mesiodens; se irrompido ou não irrompido; posição; complicações; tratamento instituído, e anomalias dentárias associadas. A frequência de anomalias dentárias na amostra estudada foi comparada a valores de referência para a população em geral por meio do teste qui-quadrado (c²), com um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de mesiodens foi de 1,5%, sendo mais comum no sexo masculino (1,5:1). A maior parte dos mesiodens estavam não irrompidos (75%) e numa posição vertical, voltada para a cavidade bucal. O tratamento mais empregado foi a exodontia. As principais complicações associadas ao mesiodens foram o atraso na erupção dos incisivos permanentes (34,28%) e diastema mediano (28,57%). Pacientes com mesiodens não apresentaram prevalência aumentada de microdontia, agenesia de dentes permanentes ou outros supranumerários. De todas as anomalias analisadas, apenas a prevalência de agenesia de incisivo lateral superior mostrou-se aumentada em comparação à população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: o mesiodens foi encontrado em uma prevalência baixa (1,5%) nas dentições decídua e mista, e não apresentou associação com outras anomalias dentárias, com exceção da agenesia de incisivo lateral superior.

Prevalence and determinant factors of malocclusion in population with special needs in South India.

OBJECTIVES: Malocclusion plays an important role in the overall oral health of an individual because it is associated with periodontal disease, temporomandibular disorders and may be complicated by an individual's disparity. Careful attention to malocclusion in children with special needs leads to a considerable improvement in the quality-of-life. The objective of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with determinant factors in individuals with special needs in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included 844 individuals with special needs and their mothers at eleven institutions in South India. Data were collected based on the questionnaire given to the mothers and dental examination carried out on the children. The nutritive and non-nutritive oral habits were obtained from the reports of the mothers. Clinical examination recorded the following: Class I, Class II, Class III, anterior crowding, anterior spacing, deep bite, open bite, and anterior cross bite. Statistical analyses of data were performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Results at the end of the study revealed anterior crowding in 27.37% of the total sample size, deep bite in 20.5%, Class I in 14.34%, anterior spacing in 12.9%, Class II in 9.95%, Class III in 5.33%, anterior cross bite in 4.98% and open bite in 4.62%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with special needs is associated with the type of disability and it is more in males than females. Mentally disabled individuals had higher frequencies of all types the malocclusion. Prevalence of anterior crowding was higher compared to other types of malocclusion followed by deep bite.

Prevalence of malocclusion among 12 to 15 years age group orphan children using dental aesthetic index.

OBJECTIVE: The study was done to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment among orphan children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 165 orphan children aged between 12 and 15 years. A clinical examination was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age. RESULTS: The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe malocclusion was more among males than females and it increased with age. 16.4% subjects needed orthodontic treatment ranging from slight to mandatory form. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more among orphan children as they are deprived of healthy lifestyle. So, they should be identified and corrective measures instituted at the earliest to prevent a widespread impact on their psychological development.