The impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric investigation.

Data on the association between social isolation, loneliness, and risk of incident coronary heart disease (CVD) are conflicting. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between social isolation and loneliness, and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle age and elderly using meta-analysis. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis is to systematically evaluate the existing literature on the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. A comprehensive search through four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted for published articles that determined the association between social isolation and/or loneliness and the risk of developing coronary heart disease from June 2015 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers reviewed the titles and abstracts of the records. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline to conduct the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data for the bibliometric analysis was obtained from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications. Six studies involving 104,511 patients were included in the final qualitative review and meta-analysis after screening the records. The prevalence of loneliness ranged from 5 to 65.3%, and social isolation ranged from 2 to 56.5%. A total of 5073 cardiovascular events were recorded after follow-up, ranging between 4 and 13 years. Poor social relationships were associated with a 16% increase in the risk of incident CVD (Hazard Ratio of new CVD when comparing high versus low loneliness or social isolation was 1.16 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10-1.22). The bibliometric analysis shows a rapidly growing field (9.77% annual growth) with common collaboration (6.37 co-authors/document, 26.53% international). The US leads research output, followed by the UK and Australia. Top institutions include University College London, Inserm, and the University of Glasgow. Research focuses on "elderly," "cardiovascular disease," and "psychosocial stress," with recent trends in "mental health," "social determinants," and "COVID-19". Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of and worsen outcomes in incident cardiovascular diseases. However, the observed effect estimate is small, and this may be attributable to residual confounding from incomplete measurement of potentially confounding or mediating factors. The results of the bibliometric analysis highlight the multidimensional nature of CVD research, covering factors such as social, psychological, and environmental determinants, as well as their interplay with various demographic and health-related variables.

Association between health literacy and Framingham risk score.

High health literacy (HL) plays a critical role in preventing or delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and can improve disease management and control. The present study aims to determine the association between HL and non-laboratory-based (office-based) Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 648 people aged 30-65 in the health centers of Jahrom. The Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) was used to assess HL. The non-laboratory-based Framingham risk score (FRS) was utilized to determine the 10-year risk of CVDs. Risk factors such as age, gender, diabetes, current smoking status, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension (HTN) treatment, and body mass index (BMI) were applied in the non-laboratory-based model. The average age of the subjects was 44.7 ± 10.5 years, among which 49.2% were males. The prevalence of diabetes, HTN, and smoking equaled 8.5%, 15.7%, and 10%, respectively. In addition, the average BMI was 26.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2. Based on the non-laboratory-based Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD, 72.5%, 13.9%, and 13.6% of the subjects were in the low, moderate, and high risk groups, respectively. Based on the HL grouping, the levels of insufficient, borderline, sufficient, and excellent HL were 19.3%, 26.4%, 34.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. A significant association was observed between 10-year CVD risk and HL grouping. In addition, a negative correlation was reported at the individual level between HL and non-laboratory-based FRS among the whole population (r = - 0.39, p < 0.001), men (r = - 0.32, p < 0.001), and women (r = - 0.42, p < 0.001). A higher HL score is associated with a lower risk of CVD. In addition, the adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that there was a strong association between elevated CVD risk (≥ 10%) and HL (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.9-12.6) among inadequate HL participants compared with excellent HL individuals. Thus, designing and implementing training programs to increase HL, especially among those who are at risk of CVDs, should be regarded as an important issue for the prevention of such diseases.

ECG autoencoder based on low-rank attention.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has surged in recent years, making it the foremost cause of mortality among humans. The Electrocardiogram (ECG), being one of the pivotal diagnostic tools for cardiovascular diseases, is increasingly gaining prominence in the field of machine learning. However, prevailing neural network models frequently disregard the spatial dimension features inherent in ECG signals. In this paper, we propose an ECG autoencoder network architecture incorporating low-rank attention (LRA-autoencoder). It is designed to capture potential spatial features of ECG signals by interpreting the signals from a spatial perspective and extracting correlations between different signal points. Additionally, the low-rank attention block (LRA-block) obtains spatial features of electrocardiogram signals through singular value decomposition, and then assigns these spatial features as weights to the electrocardiogram signals, thereby enhancing the differentiation of features among different categories. Finally, we utilize the ResNet-18 network classifier to assess the performance of the LRA-autoencoder on both the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia and PhysioNet Challenge 2017 datasets. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method demonstrates superior classification performance. The mean accuracy on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset is as high as 0.997, and the mean accuracy and F 1 -score on the PhysioNet Challenge 2017 dataset are 0.850 and 0.843.

Risk for cardiovascular disease development in rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have significant cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis on cardiovascular morbidity association with cardiovascular risk factors risk factors. Mortality report is secondary just to show trends without sufficient statistical power as it is accidental endpoint. METHODS: A total of 201 individuals without previous cardiovascular disease, 124 with rheumatoid arthritis (investigation group) and 77 with osteoarthritis (control group), were included in the study and followed up for an average of 8 years to assess the development of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular diseases. The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors were also investigated. RESULTS: The total incidence of one or more fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events was 43.9% in the investigation group and 37.5% in the control group. Of these patients, 31.7% and 30.9% survived cardiovascular events in the investigation and control groups, respectively. The most common cardiovascular disease among participants who completed the study and those who died during the study was chronic heart failure. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that strict inflammation control plays a central role in lowering cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary approach to these patients is of paramount importance, especially with the cooperation of immunologists and cardiologists for early detection, prevention, and management of cardiovascular risks and diseases.

Type 2 diabetes patients requiring empagliflozin in Southeast of Iran: Frequency and guideline adherence (2022–2023) / Pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 que requieren empagliflozina en el sureste de Irán: frecuencia y cumplimiento de las directrices (2022-2023)

Introduction: Empagliflozin plays a beneficial role in individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of individuals with type 2 diabetes who required empagliflozin based on clinical guidelines between the years 2022 and 2023. Material and methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted on a target population of patients with type 2 diabetes. Patient data, including demographic characteristics, smoking status, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, retinopathy, and proteinuria, were collected. The indication for prescribing empagliflozin was determined based on the risk of cardiovascular complications. Results: A total of 398 individuals with type 2 diabetes with a mean age of 58.4 years were examined. Overall, 87.4% of the patients had an indication for empagliflozin prescription. The indication for empagliflozin prescription was significantly higher in men, individuals with hyperlipidemia, those over 55 years of age, obese individuals, and smokers. The mean age, body mass index, and triglyceride levels were higher in candidates for empagliflozin prescription. Male candidates for empagliflozin had significantly higher rates of smoking and systolic blood pressure compared to females. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated that a significant percentage of individuals with type 2 diabetes had an indication for empagliflozin prescription based on clinical and laboratory criteria. (AU)

Introducción: La empagliflozina tiene un papel beneficioso en las personas con diabetes tipo 2 con alto riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de pacientes con este padecimiento que requerían empagliflozina según las guías clínicas entre los años 2022 y 2023. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal descriptivo-analítico realizado en una población objetivo de personas con diabetes tipo 2. Se recogieron los datos de los pacientes, incluyendo las características demográficas, el hábito tabáquico, la hipertensión, la hiperlipidemia, la insuficiencia renal, la retinopatía y la proteinuria. La indicación para prescribir empagliflozina se determinó en función del riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Resultados: Se examinaron un total de 398 individuos con diabetes tipo 2 con una edad media de 58,4 años. En general, 87,4% de estos tenía una indicación para la prescripción de empagliflozina, la cual fue significativamente mayor en los hombres, aquellos con hiperlipidemia, obesidad, los mayores de 55 años y los fumadores. La edad media, el índice de masa corporal y los niveles de triglicéridos fueron mayores en los candidatos a la prescripción de este medicamento. Los candidatos masculinos a este fármaco tenían tasas significativamente más altas de tabaquismo y presión arterial sistólica, en comparación con las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que un porcentaje significativo de personas con diabetes tipo 2 tenía una indicación para la prescripción de empagliflozina según los criterios clínicos y de laboratorio. (AU)

Monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial en adultos y población pediátrica. Una revisión narrativa / Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, adult and pediatric population. A narrative review

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) se ha convertido en un factor de riesgo central para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (CV), lo que subraya la importancia de su diagnóstico preciso. Numerosos estudios han establecido una estrecha relación entre los valores elevados de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) y un incremento en el riesgo de padecer algún evento cardiovascular (ECV). Tradicionalmente, las mediciones de la presión arterial (PA) realizadas en entornos clínicos han sido el principal método para diagnosticar y evaluar la HTA. No obstante, en los últimos años, se ha reconocido que las mediciones de la PA obtenidas fuera del ambiente clínico, mediante la automedida de la presión arterial (AMPA) y la monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA), ofrecen una perspectiva más realista de la vida cotidiana de los pacientes y, por lo tanto, brindan resultados más fiables. Dada la evolución de los dispositivos médicos, los criterios diagnósticos y la creciente relevancia de componentes de la MAPA en la predicción de ECV, se requiere una actualización integral que sea práctica para la clínica. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar una actualización de la MAPA, enfocándose en su importancia en la evaluación de la HTA. Además, se analizarán los umbrales diagnósticos, los distintos fenotipos según el ciclo circadiano y las recomendaciones en diferentes poblaciones, asimismo, se ofrecerán sugerencias concretas para la implementación efectiva de la MAPA en la práctica clínica, lo que permitirá a los profesionales de la salud tomar decisiones fundamentadas y mejorar la atención de sus pacientes.(AU)

Hypertension has become a central risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, underscoring the importance of its accurate diagnosis. Numerous studies have established a close relationship between elevated systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular event (CVE). Traditionally, blood pressure (BP) measurements performed in clinical settings have been the main method for diagnosing and assessing hypertension. However, in recent years, it has been recognized that BP measurements obtained outside the clinical setting, using self-monitoring blood pressure (SMBP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), offer a more realistic perspective of patients’ daily lives and therefore provide more reliable results. Given the evolution of medical devices, diagnostic criteria, and the increasing relevance of certain components of ABPM in the prediction of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, a comprehensive update that is practical for daily clinical practice is required. The main objective of this article is to provide an updated review of ABPM, focusing on its importance in the evaluation of hypertension and its impact on public health in Colombia. In addition, it will discuss the implications of changes in diagnostic thresholds and provide concrete recommendations for the effective implementation of ABPM in clinical practice, allowing health professionals to make informed decisions and improve the care of their patients.(AU)

Emergencia hipertensiva como debut de síndrome de Cushing paraneoplásico / Hypertensive Emergency as the Debut of Paraneoplastic Cushing Syndrome

Presentamos el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial vasculorrenal tratada un año antes, que acude a urgencias por emergencia hipertensiva (HTA) y disnea. Descartada primera sospecha de reestenosis de arteria renal con angiografía por tomografía computarizada (angioTC), se completa el estudio confirmándose diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón mediante prueba de imagen y anatomía patológica. En el estudio de hipertensión se detecta elevación de hormona adrenocorticótropa (ACTH), hipercortisolismo y datos analíticos de hiperaldosteronismo. Con el diagnóstico final de síndrome de Cushing secundario a producción ectópica de ACTH se inicia tratamiento médico, sin llegar a recibir nada más por fallecimiento del paciente a los pocos días.(AU)

We present the case of a patient with a history of renal-vascular hypertension treated with stent one year previously, who attended the emergency room due to hypertensive emergency and dyspnea. Once the first suspicion of renal artery restenosis was ruled out with CT angiography, the study was completed, confirming the diagnosis of lung cancer through imaging and pathological anatomy. In the hormonal study, elevation of ACTH, hypercortisolism and analytical data of hyperaldosteronism were detected. With the final diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic production of ACTH, medical treatment was started, without being able to receive anything else due to the death of the patient after a few days.(AU)

Cardiovascular Risk Awareness, Exercise Practices and Metabolic Outcomes among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional, Multicentre Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise helps to mitigate cardiovascular risks in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but there are limited data in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk awareness, exercise practices and metabolic outcomes among Nigerians with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at five tertiary hospitals using questionnaire interviews and clinical assessments. Participants' knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge of exercise were assessed on 12- and 5-item scores, while exercise practices were classed as adequate if performed regularly on 3 or more days weekly for a total of 150 min or more based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Mean body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, serum haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and uric acid were then compared among participant groups. RESULTS: We studied 426 participants with DM, 58.7% females. The mean age was 52.9 ± 13.1 years, with males significantly older than females (54.6 ± 12.2 vs. 51.8 ± 13.5 years; 95% confidence interval: 0.27-5.28, P = 0.03). The mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 44.8 ± 11.7 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 84 months. There was low knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and low knowledge of exercise (mean scores of 2.94 and 2.31, respectively). Forty-three per cent of participants reported adequate exercise, which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.007), male gender (P = 0.001) and formal education (P = 0.021). Participants with adequate exercise had lower systolic BP and serum urea compared to those with inadequate exercise, but there were no significant differences in BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, creatinine or uric acid. CONCLUSION: Participants had low knowledge of cardiovascular risks and the appropriate exercise practices for diabetes patients. There is a need for better patient education on diabetes self-care and exercise at clinic visits.

Vascular health of fathers with history of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest that men who undergo assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; however, limited data on this matter is available. This observational pilot study aimed to investigate the overall vascular health of fathers with history of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared to fathers whose partners conceived spontaneously. METHODS: Diet quality, physical activity, sedentary behavior as well as overall vascular function including the assessment of pulse wave analysis, intima-media thickness (cIMT), arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) and blood lipids, were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 34 fathers with history of ICSI and 29 controls (48.49 [46.32 - 57.09] years vs. 47.19 [40.62 - 55.18] years, p = 0.061) were included. After adjusting for age, no significantly increased cardiovascular risk was detected regarding vascular function. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an unaltered cardiovascular risk profile in fathers with history of ICSI. In the future, prospective multicenter studies are required to validate these preliminary results.

Trial of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Transthoracic Echocardiography Results in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiency.

The life expectancy and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in patients with inborn errors of immunity are systematically increasing. The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular risk factors and to evaluate the heart in echocardiography in patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD). Cardiac echography and selected cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, nicotine, glucose, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, uric acid level, certain chronic diseases, and glucocorticoid use, were analyzed in 94 patients >18 years of age with PAD. Of the patients,25.5% had a cardiovascular disease (mostly hypertension, 18%), 10.5% smoked, 17% were overweight, 14% were obese, and 15% were underweight. Abnormal blood pressure was found in 6.5% of the patients. Lipid metabolism disorders were found in 72.5% of in the studied cohort, increased total cholesterol (45.5%), non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (51%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (47%), and triglycerides (32%) were observed. Furthermore, 28.5% had a decrease in HDL and 9.5% had a history of hyperuricemia. The average number of risk factors was 5 ± 3 for the entire population and 4 ± 2 for those under 40 years of age. Elevated uric acid levels were found de novo in 4% of participants. In particular, 74.5% of the patients had never undergone an echocardiogram with a successful completion rate of 87% among those tested. Among them, 30% showed parameters within normal limits, primarily regurgitation (92.5%). New pathologies were identified in 28% of patients. Prevention in patients with PAD, aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk, should be a priority.

A cross-sectional study of psoriasis hospitalizations in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities in patients under 60.

There is limited data assessing length of stay, cost of care, and differences in demographic data in hospitalized psoriasis patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Our study compares hospitalized psoriatic patients with and without comorbid cardiovascular disease for differences in length of stay and cost of care, as well as to assess differences in patient demographics. A cross-sectional study of hospital encounters of patients under the age of 60 with psoriasis in the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020 was performed using univariate analyses and a multivariable logistic regression model. A total of 2,485 psoriasis hospitalizations were included. 2,145 (86.3%) had psoriasis without cardiovascular disease and 340 (13.7%) had psoriasis with cardiovascular disease. Linear regression models identified significantly longer lengths of stay (Beta: 1.6; SE: 0.721; P = 0.030) and higher cost of care (Beta: 4,946; SE: 1,920; P = 0.011) in psoriasis patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.

The role of dementia in the association between APOE4 and all-cause mortality: pooled analyses of two population-based cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) plays a role in neurodegeneration and in cardiovascular disease, but findings on its association with mortality are inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between APOE4 and mortality, and the role of dementia in this association. METHODS: In this pooled analysis, data on White participants aged 45-90 years who underwent APOE genotyping were drawn from two population-based cohorts: the Whitehall II study (UK), which began in 1985 and is ongoing, and the Three-City study (France), initiated in 1999 and ended in 2012. In the Three-City study, vital status was ascertained through linkage to the national registry of death Institut National de la Statistique des Études économiques, and dementia was ascertained via a neuropsychological evaluation and validation of diagnoses by an independent committee of neurologists and geriatricians. In the Whitehall II study, vital status was ascertained through linkage to the UK national mortality register, and dementia cases were ascertained by linkage to three national registers. Participants with prevalent dementia at baseline and participants missing an APOE genotype were excluded from analyses. Cox regression proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of APOE4 with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. The role of dementia in the association between APOE4 status and mortality was examined by excluding participants who developed dementia during follow-up from the analyses. An illness-death model was then used to examine the role of incident dementia in these associations. FINDINGS: 14 091 participants (8492 from the Three-City study and 5599 from the Whitehall II study; 6668 [47%] of participants were women and 7423 [53%] were men), with a median follow-up of 15·4 years (IQR 10·6-21·2), were included in the analyses. Of these participants, APOE4 carriers (3264 [23%] of the cohort carried at least one ε4 allele) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with non-carriers, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1·16 (95% CI 1·07-1·26) for heterozygotes and 1·59 (1·24-2·06) for homozygotes. Compared with APOE3 homozygotes, higher cardiovascular mortality was observed in APOE4 carriers, with a HR of 1·23 (1·01-1·50) for heterozygotes, and no association was found between APOE4 and cancer mortality. Excluding cases of incident dementia over the follow-up resulted in attenuated associations with mortality in homozygotes but not in heterozygotes. The illness-death model indicated that the higher mortality risk in APOE4 carriers was not solely attributable to dementia. INTERPRETATION: We found a robust association between APOE4 and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but not cancer mortality. Dementia explained a significant proportion of the association with all-cause mortality for APOE4 homozygotes, while non-dementia factors, such as cardiovascular disease mortality, are likely to play a role in shaping mortality outcomes in APOE4 heterozygotes. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health. TRANSLATION: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Role of dietary fibres in cardiometabolic diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a focus on the causal pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases, namely weight management, glycaemic control, and lipid levels, as well as the latest findings for cardiovascular disease outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality. Evidence for mechanisms through gut microbiota are also briefly reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Dietary fibre intake is associated with improved weight management, the extent of which may depend on the subtype of dietary fibre. Overall dietary fibre intake reduces blood glucose and HbA1c, however soluble fibres may be particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. Individual meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of observational studies on dietary fibre, as well as major fibre types, observed inverse associations with incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. As different types of fibres exerted different health benefits, fibre diversity (i.e. combinations of fibres) should be further investigated. SUMMARY: Dietary fibres improve both short-term and long-term cardiometabolic disease risk factors and outcomes, and thus should be on every menu.

Risks and benefits of nonsugar sweeteners: conflicting evidence between observational studies and randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recommendations on the use of nonsugar sweeteners are contradictory, even if they come from official sources. The aim is to review and discuss recent findings on the potential impact of nonsugar sweeteners on human health. RECENT FINDINGS: While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with short duration and risk factors endpoints mostly show favourable effects on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters when nonsugar sweeteners are used to replaced sugar-sweetened products, observational studies mostly show a positive association between the consumption of nonsugar sweeteners and cardiometabolic diseases. The conflicting results may be explained by the heterogenous nature of nonsugar sweeteners but also likely is a consequence of serious weaknesses of available studies. SUMMARY: For more evidence-based recommendations for practice and policy, scientifically sound studies with long follow-up are required.

Association between influenza vaccination and one-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk: A self-controlled case series and matched case-control study.

Debates surrounding the efficacy of influenza vaccination for survival benefits persist, and there is a lack of data regarding its duration of protection. A self-controlled case series (SCCS) and a 1:4 matched case-control study were conducted using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and public-use mortality data from 2005 to 2018 in the United States. The SCCS study identified participants who received influenza vaccination within 12 months before the survey and subsequently died within 1 year of postvaccination. The matched case-control study paired participants who died during the influenza season at the time of survey with four survivors. Among 1167 participants in the SCCS study, there was a 46% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 43% reduction in cardiovascular mortality within 29-196 days of postvaccination. The greatest protection was observed during days 29-56 (all-cause mortality: RI: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.12-0.29; cardiovascular mortality: RI: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.56). Among 626 cases and 2504 controls included in the matched case-control study, influenza vaccination was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93) during the influenza season. This study highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in reducing the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with effects lasting for approximately 6 months.