Ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A 5-year-old, 0.92-kg (2-lb), spayed female Dwarf Hotot rabbit was evaluated for a 1-day duration of lethargy and anorexia. Survey radiographs revealed evidence of gastrointestinal stasis. Abdominal ultrasonography characterized multiple small, round, anechoic structures embedded in the mesentery. These structures were thin walled with hyperechoic strands/septations. Most of the structures contained a well-defined, eccentric, hyperechoic nodule adherent to the intraluminal wall. Mesenteric cysticercosis was confirmed via exploratory laparotomy and histopathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of the ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit.

Abdominal effusion revealing an exophytic hydatid cyst of the liver has developed under mesocolic.

The hydatid cyst of the liver is a parasitic disease due to the development of echinococcosis granulosus. It is common in livestock regions in developing countries but is gaining interest in the West due to migratory flows. If it remains a benign and asymptomatic affection for a long time, its natural evolution is often enamelled of complication which can put at the risk of vital prognosis. Diagnosis and staging are based on morphological examinations, including ultrasound and CT scan. The hydatid serology retains a place especially for the detection of recurrence after hydatid cyst of the liver surgery. In addition to surgery considered up to as the radical treatment of choice, other techniques have appeared in the therapeutic arsenal in combination with oral treatment with albendazol for uncomplicated cases thus reducing the morbidity of surgery. We report a case of giant hydatid cyst associated with exophytic liver development under mesocolic associated with a peritoneal hydatidosis.

Laparoscopic surgery for primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease: A case report.

RATIONALE: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by echinococcus larvae. Manifestations of the disease include a severe damage to the liver and lung. Damages to the mesentery, omentum, spleen, brain, heart, bone, thyroid, kidney, and uterus are rarely observed. Moreover, primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease is extremely rare, and is easily ignored or misdiagnosed. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of CE in a 34-year-old female who presented with an adnexal mass detected by B-ultrasound. Adnexal and retroperitoneal masses were removed by laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative pathological report (retroperitoneal cyst) Echinococcus granulosus. DIAGNOSES: Primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received intravenous injection of dexamethasone (10 mg) before cyst resection to prevent allergic reactions and oral albendazole (600 mg BID) for 14 days to prevent relapse postsurgery. OUTCOMES: The patient revealed no recurrence of disease and no reportable significant changes in 3 months. LESSONS: We present here a case report of CE. This case described herein inhabited a nonendemic region. Gentle and careful operation, and avoiding cyst rupture is the key to insuring success of the surgery. For safety, dexamethasone may be used before cyst resection to prevent anaphylaxis, and mebendazole can be used postoperatively to prevent relapse.

Aberrant peritoneal localization of Dirofilaria repens in a dog.

Subcutaneous dirofilariosis is a widely spread vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria repens. In the last years, a rise of human and animal cases of infection by D. repens has been reported in different European countries. The disease may be subclinical or characterized by different skin conditions. This report describes an unusual ectopic localization of D. repens in a naturally infected dog. The six-year old Pit Bull mixed breed dog presented dysorexia, exercise intolerance, orchialgia and moderate abdominal effusion. The abdominal ultrasound examination revealed multiple linear tubular structures with writhing and undulating movements within the peritoneal effusion. The microscopic examination of the peritoneal effusion revealed many larvae microscopically and molecularly identified as D. repens. This is the first case of peritoneal localization of D. repens in a dog. Epidemiological implications are discussed.

[Disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis manifested as intestinal ischaemia]. / Hidatidosis peritoneal diseminada manifestada como isquemia intestinal.

BACKGROUND: The hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, is endemic in Mediterranean countries, as well as in Australia, Asia, Africa, South America, and Canada. Among its complications is intraperitoneal rupture, a rare form of presentation, with highly variable symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgery plus adjuvant medical treatment in most patients. OBJECTIVE: A case is presented of a patient with disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis manifested as intestinal ischaemia. CLINICAL CASE: A 50-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room with a history of chronic abdominal pain that worsened in the last 24hours. He showed signs of sepsis in the physical examination and was subjected to surgery, in which intestinal ischaemia was found due to a disseminated peritoneal cystic disease, which had led to mesentery retraction. An intestinal resection with an end-ileostomy was performed. The results of the biopsy of the cystic lesions was disseminated peritoneal echinococcosis. Medical treatment was started with albendazole and praziquantel. CONCLUSION: This case shows a rare presentation of disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis, which led to intestinal ischaemia.

Uncommon localizations of hydatid cyst. Review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hydatid disease is an endemic anthropozoonosis with usual localization in liver and lungs. Rarely it localizes in uncommon sites as spleen, skeleton, kidney, brain, cardiac muscle, peritoneum, sub cutis. Complications of uncommon localizations are the same that for usual ones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the literature on rare and atypical localization of hydatid cysts in soft tissues. Key-words used on Pub-Med [(echinococ OR hydatid) AND (soft tissue OR subcutaneous OR cutaneous)] without time limit. There were found 282 articles; 242 were excluded because of muscular or bone localizations. 40 were coherent. RESULTS: Different variables are taken into account: age, sex, geographic area, anatomic localization of the cyst, dimension, symptoms, signs, mobility, blood exams and specific serological tests, imaging techniques for diagnosis, existing of septa in the structure, treatment, anaesthesia, spillage, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatment, follow-up period, recurrent lesions. CONCLUSION: It would be useful create an homogeneous and standardized collection of data of these rare and potentially life-threatening conditions in order to create guide-line of diagnostic and therapeutic process and create (or adopt) unique classification of the lesions.

Secondary peritoneal hydatidosis, the challenges of echinococcal disease in South Sudan: a case report.

A 28 year old male presented to the Juba Teaching Hospital with progressive shortness of breath. 18 months prior to admission, he presented to a rural hospital with severe abdominal pain. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and a large hepatic cyst was removed. Examination at the Juba Teaching hospital revealed a grossly distended abdomen with multiple palpable masses per abdomen. An Abdominal Ultrasound revealed multiple loculated cysts throughout the abdomen. A diagnosis of Secondary Peritoneal Hydatidosis resulting from incorrectly performed surgery was made. The patient was conservatively treated and at 14 weeks, the cysts showed a moderate reduction in size. Cystic Echinococcus (CE) is common in South Sudan and has a considerable disease burden throughout the developing world. Greater governmental and international support is required to develop effective control measures for these diseases.

Unusual locations of hydatid disease: a 33 year's experience analysis on 233 patients.

Hydatid disease is caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and it is an endemic parasitic disease of the Mediterranean countries. Although the liver is the most involved organ by this disease, hydatidosis can be found anywhere in the human body. Rare forms of location may pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Herein we report our experience with unusual located hydatid disease diagnosed and treated at our center the last 33 years. A total of 233 patients were treated for echinococcosis (91 males: 39% and 142 females: 61%) between 1980 and 2013 at our center. 18 of them (7, 8%) with uncommon located hydatid disease, were analyzed retrospectively. 18 patients (8 males and 10 females) were presented with unusual location of hydatid disease in our series. Two of them had only extrahepatic cysts (0, 9%). A total of 64 hydatid cysts with unusual location were analyzed. The most prevalent extrahepatic sites were peritoneal cavity and spleen. Total cystectomy with or without tube drainage or omentopexy was performed for hydatid cysts of the peritoneal cavity in our series. Splenectomy was performed in all cases of splenic hydatidosis. The mean time of post operative stay was 16, 3 days (range 7-35 days), morbidity 11% and mortality 5, 4%. Although echinococcosis is found most often in the liver and lungs, it seems that any organ can be involved by this zoonotic disease. The operating surgeon must always consider the possibility of unusual location of echinococcal cyst when dealing with patients with cystic mass in endemic areas, because any misinterpretation may result in unfavorable outcomes.

The first report of peritoneal tetrathyridiosis in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

This report describes a case of peritoneal larval cestodiasis caused by tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp. in an adult female squirrel monkey. The monkey had lived in a zoological garden in Japan and had a clinical history of wasting. At necropsy, numerous whitish oval masses were found in the liver and peritoneal cavity. These masses contained larval cestodes. Morphological observation and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences allowed us to identify the larva as the tetrathyridium of Mesocestoides sp. This is the first report of Mesocestoides larvae in a squirrel monkey in Japan.

Enterobius granuloma: an unusual cause of omental mass in an 11-year-old girl.

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is the only nematode that infects humans. It is one of the most common intestinal parasites. Pinworm commonly infests the terminal ileum and colon, and does not cause severe morbidity unless ectopic infection occurs. However, granulomatous lesions caused by ectopic Enterobius vermicularis infection may lead to unusual clinical symptoms and may be misinterpreted as malignant lesions. Herein, the authors present an 11-year-old girl with pinworm infection who presented with abdominal pain and an omental mass, with special emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment.

Isolated hydatid cyst of uterine cervix: A case report.

Hydatid disease is an endemic infection which can affect any organ, mainly the liver and lungs. Peritoneal echinococcosis is usually known to occur secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity. An isolated cyst in the pelvic cavity is considered as primary only when there are no other hydatid cysts. Herein, we report an isolated pelvic-cervical hydatid cyst which presented without any involvement of the other abdominal organs or lungs. Our patient, a 27-year-old woman with the primary complaints of dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain, had thin-walled large cystic mass originating from the cervix, diagnosed by ultrasonography. She underwent surgery with the most likely initial diagnosis of exophytic fibroid with cystic degeneration. Gynecologists should be aware of the possibility of isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pelvic cavity and should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.

Primary peritoneal hydatidosis.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Echinococcosis occurs worldwide and can affect multiple organs. The liver (75%) and the lungs (15%) are the most common sites of occurrence followed by the spleen, kidney, bones and brain. Peritoneal hydatidosis commonly occurs secondary to a ruptured hydatid cyst of the liver or the spleen. Primary peritoneal hydatidosis is an extremely rare entity accounting for just 2% of all intra-abdominal hydatid disease. Most patients remain asymptomatic for years before presenting with vague abdominal symptoms such as non-specific pain, abdominal fullness, dyspepsia, anorexia and vomiting. We successfully treated a 55-year-old woman with primary peritoneal hydatidosis. The role of imaging and immunological tests in the diagnosis is highlighted. The patient was managed by a combination of preoperative and postoperative antihelminthic therapy along with laparotomy, cyst deroofing, toileting and omentoplasty. The patient is asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up.

Peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT images: a new observation.

PURPOSE: To describe peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT images in 31 patients with fascioliasis confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 24) or surgery (n = 7). Image analyses were performed to identify hepatic, biliary, and peritoneal abnormalities. RESULTS: Hepatic abnormalities were seen in 28 (90.3 %) of the 31 patients. The most common finding was caves sign, which was present in 25 (80.1 %) patients. Three patients (9.7 %) presented with biliary abnormalities exhibiting dilatation and enhancing wall thickening of the bile duct, wall thickening of the gallbladder, and elongated structures in the bile duct or gallbladder. Peritoneal abnormalities were seen in 14 (45.2 %) of the 31 patients. The most common peritoneal abnormality was mesenteric or omental infiltration, which was seen in 9 (29.0 %) patients. Other peritoneal findings included lymph node enlargement (n = 7), ascites (n = 7), thickening of ligamentum teres (n = 2), and peritoneal mass (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis are relatively common, and CT findings include mesenteric or omental infiltration, lymph node enlargement, ascites, thickening of the ligamentum teres, and peritoneal masses.