Studies on the association of malondialdehyde as a biomarker for oxidative stress and degree of malignancy in dogs with mammary adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Mammary adenocarcinomas are one of the most common tumour diseases in bitches. The relationship between oxidative stress and the degree of malignancy of the tumour has not been sufficiently researched in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to investigate the potential role of MDA as a practice-relevant biomarker for the assessment of systemic oxidative stress and to determine whether this parameter can indicate the malignancy grade of a mammary adenocarcinoma. METHODS: In the present pilot study, MDA plasma concentrations were analysed in 55 bitches with (n = 28) and without (n027) malignant adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland using two different measurement methods and the relationship to tumour size was investigated. RESULTS: The mean MDA concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 289 ng/mL (range 365-634 ng/mL) in dogs with grade 1 adenocarcinoma (n = 13), 288.5 ng/mL (range 85-752 ng/mL) in dogs with grade 2 adenocarcinoma (n = 10), 332 ng/mL (range 239-947 ng/mL) in dogs with grade 3 (n = 5) adenocarcinoma and 293 ng/mL (range 175-549 ng/mL) in dogs without a mammary tumour (n = 27). When MDA was measured by HPLC, the average MDA concentration in the study group (n = 11) was 0.24 µmol/L (range 0.16-0.37) and that of the control group (n = 15) was 0.27 µmol/L (range 0.16-1.62). Thus, there were no significant differences between the study group with malignant adenocarcinomas and the control group in both examination methods (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the MDA concentrations and the approximate volume of the mammary tumour. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the challenges of providing a prognosis for the malignancy of a mammary adenocarcinoma based on MDA concentrations in plasma using ELISA or HPLC. As a result, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosing and differentiating adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland.

Management of an Early-Onset, Painful Tibial Nerve Neuroma Using an Autologous Nerve Graft.

This case report describes the treatment of a postoperative painful neuroma of the tibial nerve using an autologous nerve graft in a dog. The patient presented with sudden non-weight-bearing lameness 10 days after iatrogenic tibial nerve injury during preparation of a reverse saphenous conduit flap. The dog showed severe pain at the surgical site without nerve deficits. A magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed an enlarged tibial nerve at the injury site, consistent with a neuroma. Analgesics were administered over 11 days, but the patient remained in severe pain and non-weight-bearing. Therefore, surgical resection was recommended. The fusiform neuroma was resected microsurgically, and a saphenous nerve graft was transplanted using an epineural nerve repair technique. Histopathological examination was consistent with a neuroma. The dog showed immediate pain relief and weight-bearing the day after surgery with normal motor function. The dog made a full recovery by the last follow-up 6 mo after surgery. If patients develop pain and lameness following surgery or nerve injury, neuroma formation must be considered, even shortly after surgery. Microsurgical resection and autologous nerve transplantation using an epineural nerve repair technique is a viable method to treat painful neuromas and minimize the risk for recurrence in dogs.

2024 AAHA Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats.

Fluids are drugs used in veterinary patients capable of producing beneficial therapeutic or inadvertent harmful effects within the body's intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular fluid spaces. The individualized design of a fluid therapy plan requires careful patient assessment and targeted selection of proper fluid types, administration routes, and rates, along with adjustments during therapy tailored specifically as per the individual patient's fluid requirement and therapeutic response. Personalized fluid prescriptions and vigilant patient monitoring help avoid patient morbidity from body fluid deficiencies, fluid excess, and electrolyte derangements and support better patient outcomes. These guidelines provide an overview of fluid dynamics within the fluid spaces of the body, describe various types of fluids and their uses, and outline recommendations for fluid administration for resuscitation, rehydration, and maintenance purposes. The guidelines also outline approaches to fluid therapy for anesthetized patients and reiterate the recommendations of reduced fluid rates in this population of patients. Additionally, the guidelines include practical fluid therapy strategies for patients with various common disorders. The goal of these guidelines is to help veterinary professionals safely and effectively prescribe and administer fluid therapy for canine and feline patients.

Prognostic value of tumour-related factors associated with canine retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma in comparison with other anatomic presentations: A retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Dogs with retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma (HSA) exhibit variable postoperative median survival times (MST). OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic value of selected tumour-related factors, such as tumour size, rupture, invasion into adjacent tissue, involvement of lymph node and distant metastasis, they were analysed in dogs with retroperitoneal HSA. METHODS: Ten dogs with retroperitoneal HSA managed solely with surgical excision were reviewed and compared with spleen (71) and liver (9) HSA. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank analysis were used compare MSTs between factors. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard analysis was used to compare differences between arising sites. RESULTS: Retroperitoneal HSA showed comparatively longer postoperative MST compared with that of spleen and liver HSA and demonstrated significantly longer MST (p = 0.003) for tumours ≥5 cm (195 days) than <5 cm (70 days). Spleen HSA revealed significantly shorter MSTs in involvement of distant lymph nodes (23 days) and distant metastasis (39 days) than those in negative (83 days, p = 0.002 and 110 days, p < 0.001, respectively). Liver HSA also revealed significantly shorter MST (16.5 days compared with 98 days, p = 0.003) for distant metastasis. Additionally, hazard ratios (HRs) and their forest plot for overall HSA revealed as poor prognostic factors, arising sites (spleen; HR 2.78, p = 0.016 and liver; HR 3.62, p = 0.019), involvement of distant lymph nodes (HR 2.43, p = 0.014), and distant metastasis (HR 2.86, p < 0.001), and as better prognostic factor of tumour size ≥5 cm (HR 0.53, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: In combination with overall HSA, retroperitoneal HSA shows comparatively longer postoperative MST compared to spleen and liver HSA, associated with tumour size ≥5 cm suggesting better prognostic factor.

Computed tomographic reference ranges of intrathoracic caudal vena cava ratios in sedated adult dogs without cardiac, pulmonary, or hypovolemic disease.

BACKGROUND: Radiographic assessment of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava (CVC) is commonly used to evaluate hemodynamic status in veterinary patients without and with pulmonary, pericardial, or right-sided cardiac diseases. Many of these patients are now commonly evaluated with computed tomography (CT) in both emergency and referral settings. Traditional radiographic ratios in dogs, particularly the CVC height/aorta height (CVC/Ao) ratio, are often extrapolated to CT in order to determine if the CVC is normal in size. OBJECTIVES: The first goal of this retrospective study was to create an objective measurement method to evaluate the size of the CVC via CT. The second goal was to report normal CVC ratio values in both sagittal and transverse CT images. METHODS: The traditional lateral radiographic CVC ratios were extrapolated to similar ratios obtained from sagittal CT images in stable, sedated adult canine patients without known cardiac or pulmonary disease. Additionally, new methods of canine CVC ratios using transverse CT images were defined using vessel height and area. Mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the CVC ratios in transverse and sagittal CT images were calculated to determine normal reference ranges. RESULTS: Ratio agreement from observers of different skill levels was moderate to excellent. Sagittal CT CVC/Ao mean was 1.07 ± 0.17 with a CI of 0.71.42. The mean and CI of transverse CT CVC/Ao height and area were 1.14 ± 0.27 and 0.781.44 and 1.36 ± 0.59 and 0.641.94, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Application of normal sagittal and transverse CT ratio values in canine patients with and without hypotension, pulmonary, pericardial, or right-sided cardiac diseases is necessary to determine the clinical usefulness of these ratios.

Analysis of MDM2 and TP53 genes in canine liposarcoma.

Canine liposarcoma is an uncommon tumor that shares morphological similarities with its human counterpart. In dogs, the genetic features of this tumor are unknown and, based on immunohistochemical studies, amplification of the gene MDM2 and the mutation of TP53 are suspected. In this study 51 cases of primary liposarcomas were immunohistochemically stained for MDM2 and p53 and subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing to detect MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations, respectively. MDM2 and p53 were expressed in 21 and 6 cases, respectively. MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations were identified in 10 and 15 cases, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed an association of the myxoid subtype and the mitotic count with p53 expression and TP53 mutation. No association was found between MDM2 amplification and MDM2 expression or tumor subtype. These results suggest that despite morphological similarities, canine liposarcoma differs from its human counterpart, for which MDM2 amplification is diagnostic for well differentiated and de-differentiated variants, and TP53 mutations are more common in pleomorphic liposarcoma rather than the myxoid one as occur in our cases. Furthermore, canine myxoid liposarcoma likely represents a distinct disease rather than a mere morphological variant.

Stone-induced urethral fistula treatment with microfragmented adipose tissue containing mesenchymal stem cells: a case report from veterinary medicine with potential application in humans.

We report on a case of a two-year-old male dog, breed chow-chow, who suffered from urethral fistula as a result of ureterolithiasis. The urethral defect was identified intraoperatively with methylene blue. An autologous regenerative approach was combined with surgical closure of the defect, due to the well-known healing issues of the urethral wall in such conditions. A part of abdominal fat tissue was dissected to produce microfragmented adipose tissue containing mesenchymal stem cells, which was combined with platelet-rich plasma. The final product was applied in the area around the urethral defect closure. One month after the procedure, healing was confirmed with positive-contrast cystography. This therapeutic approach yielded success, and the follow-up period of one year was uneventful. The observed positive outcome of this approach in the canine model may be considered as a starting point for investigating the translational potential of the treatment in human medicine.

Prediction of the size and spatial distribution of free-roaming dog populations in urban areas of Nepal.

A factor constraining the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies is limited information on the size and spatial distribution of free-roaming dog populations (FRDPs). The aim of this study was to develop a statistical model to predict the size of free-roaming dog populations and the spatial distribution of free-roaming dogs in urban areas of Nepal, based on real-world dog census data from the Himalayan Animal Rescue Trust (HART) and Animal Nepal. Candidate explanatory variables included proximity to roads, building density, specific building types, human population density and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). A multivariable Poisson point process model was developed to estimate dog population size in four study locations in urban Nepal, with building density and distance from nearest retail food establishment or lodgings as explanatory variables. The proposed model accurately predicted, within a 95 % confidence interval, the surveyed FRDP size and spatial distribution for all four study locations. This model is proposed for further testing and refinement in other locations as a decision-support tool alongside observational dog population size estimates, to inform dog health and public health initiatives including rabies elimination efforts to support the 'zero by 30' global mission.

Comparison between melatonin versus melatonin and photobiomodulation versus photobiomodulation in the treatment of Alopecia X in German Spitz dogs: Clinical, randomized, double-blind, parallel, non-inferiority protocol.

Canine Alopecia X is a non-inflammatory hair loss disorder of unknown etiology that predominantly affects German Spitz dogs. Treatment modalities include hormone and/or melatonin supplementation and low trauma microneedling. Melatonin influences hair growth and pigmentation in several species and presents a low risk of adverse effects when used in dogs with Alopecia X. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is frequently used in human androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata; despite this, PBM remains unexplored in canine Alopecia X. To address this knowledge gap, sixty dogs of both sexes will be randomly assigned to three groups: (i) melatonin only group (3 mg/Kg, n = 20); (ii) PBM only group (diode laser, wavelength 660nm, 100mw power, with 3 J/point, 2 sessions/week for 3 months, n = 20); (ii) PBM + melatonin group (n = 20). The objective is to determine the potential of PBM alone or in conjunction with melatonin supplementation in promoting hair regrowth (hair density and diameter) by means of dermatoscopy and planimetry over a period of 90 days.

Detection of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in Palestine.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to report, for the first time, the presence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) in domesticated dogs with acute gastroenteritis and to characterize the antigenic variants circulating in Palestine. METHODOLOGY: A veterinary clinical-based epidemiological study was carried out between December 2022 and April 2023. Fifty fecal samples were collected from dogs with gastroenteritis and screened for CPV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of positive cases according to various epidemiological factors was studied. Partial sequencing of the viral protein 2 (VP2) gene was performed for the analysis of CPV-2 variants. RESULTS: Most of the investigated samples (60%; n = 50) during the study period were found positive for CPV-2 infection. There was no difference in the distribution of positive cases of CPV-2 infection based on age group, gender, location, and vaccination status. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from amplified products, as well as phylogenetic analysis, revealed the presence of CPV-2c clustered with Asian CPV-2c variants. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study represents the initial genetic analysis of CPV-2 present in Palestinian dogs with gastroenteritis and provides evidence that confirms the existence of the CPV-2c variants. To determine the prevailing CPV-2 variant associated with the infection, it is crucial to conduct further sequence analysis using large populations of both domestic and wild canines.

Detection of rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) infection by real-time PCR from the peripheral blood of animals: a preliminary study.

Rat lungworm disease or neuroangiostrongyliasis is a cerebral parasitic infection that affects humans and animals alike. Its clinical signs and symptoms can range from mild self-resolving to serious life-threatening conditions. Studies suggest therapeutic interventions during the early stages of infection to be more effective than in later stages. However, early diagnosis of infection is usually problematic without the knowledge of exposure and/or detection of the parasite's DNA or antibody against the parasite in the cerebrospinal fluid. This requires a lumbar puncture, which is an invasive procedure that generally requires hospitalization. This study evaluates an affordable and less invasive alternative to detect parasitic DNA by PCR from the peripheral blood of potentially infected animals. Blood samples from 58 animals (55 dogs and 3 cats) with clinical suspicion of infection were submitted to our lab between February 2019 and August 2022 by local, licensed veterinarians. DNA was extracted from whole blood, plasma, serum, and/or packed cells using the Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit as per the manufacturer's protocol. All 58 animals were tested by real-time PCR using the AcanITS1 assay and 32 of these animals (31dogs; 1 cat) were also tested using the AcanR3990 assay. The PCR results for both assays were classified into strongly positive > positive > weakly positive > negative, and equivocal for ambiguous results, based on the strength of the signal. The percent infection detected using the AcanITS1 and AcanR3990 assays was 12.72% (7/55) and 20.68% (6/29), respectively. The overall percent infection detected was 34.37% (11/32), with only two animals testing positive by both assays. The three cats involved in this study tested negative by both assays. These results are promising and warrant further investigations to increase sensitivity including variables that might affect detection in the blood, such as parasite load, and laboratory methodologies.

Computed tomographic evaluation of portal vein indices in cats with the extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

IMPORTANCE: The portal vein to aorta (PV/Ao) ratio is used to assess the clinical significance of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). Previous studies using computed tomography (CT) were conducted in dogs but not in cats. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish normal reference values for PV indices (PV/Ao ratio and PV diameter) in cats and determine the usefulness of these for predicting symptomatic EHPSS. METHODS: This study included 95 dogs and 114 cats that underwent abdominal CT. The canine normal (CN) group included dogs without EHPSS. The cats were classified into feline normal (FN, 88/114), feline asymptomatic (FA, 16/114), and feline symptomatic (FS, 10/114) groups. The PV and Ao diameters were measured in axial cross-sections. RESULTS: The group FN had a higher PV/Ao ratio than the group CN (p < 0.001). Within the feline groups, the PV indices were in the order FN > FA > FS (both p < 0.001). The mean PV diameter and PV/Ao ratio for group FN were 5.23 ± 0.77 mm and 1.46 ± 0.19, respectively. The cutoff values between groups FN and FS were 4.115 mm for PV diameter (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97.7%) and 1.170 for PV/Ao ratio (90%, 92.1%). The cutoff values between group FA and FS were 3.835 mm (90%, 93.8%) and 1.010 (70%, 100%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results demonstrated significant differences in PV indices between dogs and cats. In cats, the PV/Ao ratio demonstrated high diagnostic performance for symptomatic EHPSS. The PV diameter also performed well, in contrast to dogs.

Assessment of respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward rabies and associated risk factors in Shone Town, Southern Ethiopia.

IMPORTANCE: Rabies is a neglected tropical viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Shone Town community toward rabies. METHODS: A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shone town, Ethiopia, from November 2022 to April 2023. Woreda was selected purposefully, while Kebeles and the study populations were selected by simple random sampling. Four hundred and sixteen respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: All respondents had heard about rabies from different sources, with the majority hearing from informal sources (62%). Approximately 51.9%, 0.7%, and 47.4% of individuals were aware of saliva contact, rabid animal bites, and both as means of transmission, respectively. The survey showed that 64.4% of participants knew the 100% fatal nature of rabies once the clinical signs developed, and 35.6% did not. Approximately 51.4% of respondents agreed that killing stray dogs was an effective method for rabies prevention. In this study, 72.6% of the respondents had contact with pets, and 36.8% of the interviewees had vaccinated their dogs. Only the educational level (p = 0.03) was associated with knowledge of the transmission route. Age (p = 0.04) and educational level (p = 0.01) had a statistically significant association with knowledge of the risk of not vaccinating dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A lack of formal education in the communities, low levels of education, and the majority of respondents acquiring their knowledge from unofficial sources are important contributors to the low levels of awareness.

Biophysical properties of alveolar surfactant in drever dogs with hunting associated pulmonary edema.

BACKGROUND: A syndrome of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with hunting is prevalent in the drever breed, but etiology of this syndrome is currently unknown. Alveolar surfactant has a critical role in preventing alveolar collapse and edema formation. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether the predisposition to hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is associated with impaired biophysical properties of alveolar surfactant. Seven privately owned drever dogs with recurrent hunting associated pulmonary edema and seven healthy control dogs of other breeds were included in the study. All affected dogs underwent thorough clinical examinations including echocardiography, laryngeal evaluation, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as well as head, neck and thoracic computed tomography imaging to rule out other cardiorespiratory diseases potentially causing the clinical signs. Alveolar surfactant was isolated from frozen, cell-free supernatants of BAL fluid and biophysical analysis of the samples was completed using a constrained sessile drop surfactometer. Statistical comparisons over consecutive compression expansion cycles were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and comparisons of single values between groups were analyzed using T-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in any of the biophysical outcomes of surfactant analysis. The critical function of surfactant, reducing the surface tension to low values upon compression, was similar between healthy dogs and affected drevers. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of hunting associated pulmonary edema in drever dogs is not due to an underlying surfactant dysfunction.

Evaluation of clopidogrel, hypercoagulability, and platelet count in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.

Dogs that had splenectomy are predisposed to fatal thrombotic conditions, and thrombocytosis is a risk factor for post-splenectomy hypercoagulability. However, in veterinary medicine, there are no specific therapeutic approaches for managing this hypercoagulability. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of clopidogrel on post-operative hypercoagulability during the first 2 weeks post-splenectomy in dogs with splenic masses. This study included 12 dogs that had splenectomy. Seven dogs received no treatment (group A), and five were treated with clopidogrel (group B). Clopidogrel was loaded at 10 mg/kg on day 2 and continued at 2 mg/kg until day 14. Blood samples were collected on the day of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after splenectomy in both groups. In group B, thromboelastography (TEG) was performed on the same days. In group A, there was significant elevation of platelet counts on days 7 (p = 0.007) and 14 (p = 0.001) compared to day 0. In group B, the platelet counts were significantly elevated on day 7 (p = 0.032) but no significant difference was found on day 14 compared to day 0. Platelet counts on day 14 were significantly higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.03). The lower platelet counts were correlated with alterations in TEG parameters, and no significant differences were found in the K and α-angle values at all postoperative assessment points compared to day 0. Our study suggests that clopidogrel may reduce post-operative thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability in dogs that undergo splenectomy for splenic masses.

Ehrlichia spp. infection worsens cardiac damage in dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis.

In endemic areas for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), the occurrence of coinfection with other pathogens, such as Ehrlichia spp., has been associated with worsening of the clinical condition. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of histological changes in the myocardia of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi with or without coinfection with Ehrlichia spp.. We evaluated paraffin-embedded myocardial sections from 31 dogs, affected by either L. chagasi alone or coinfected with L. chagasi and Ehrlichia spp., to compare the extent and degree of cardiac damage. The blocks were divided into two groups. G1 (dogs infected only by L. chagasi) and G2 (dogs coinfected with L. chagasi and Ehrlichia spp.). The right atrium free wall, right ventricle free wall, left ventricle, and interventricular septum of all groups were evaluated. Cardiac alterations were observed in 41.93% (52/124) of the fragments evaluated and inflammatory infiltrate was the most common pattern found. The G2 group showed a higher incidence of myocarditis, with 61.53% (32/52), compared to the G1 group, in which 20 out of 72 cases (27.7%) exhibited histopathological changes (p <0.05). These findings confirmed that coinfection can potentiate cardiac damage in dogs.

Blastocyst-like Structures in the Peripheral Retina of Young Adult Beagles.

In this immunohistological study on the peripheral retina of 3-year-old beagle dogs, excised retina specimens were immunostained with antibodies against nestin, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, CDX2, cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), RPE65, and YAP1, as well as hematoxylin and DAPI, two nuclear stains. Our findings revealed solitary cysts of various sizes in the inner retina. Intriguingly, a mass of small round cells with scant cytoplasms was observed in the cavity of small cysts, while many disorganized cells partially occupied the cavity of the large cysts. The small cysts were strongly positive for nestin, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, CDX2, CK18, and YAP1. RPE65-positive cells were exclusively observed in the tissue surrounding the cysts. Since RPE65 is a specific marker of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, the surrounding cells of the peripheral cysts were presumably derived from RPE cells that migrated intraretinally. In the small cysts, intense positive staining for nestin, a marker of retinal stem cells, seemed to indicate that they were derived from retinal stem cells. The morphology and positive staining for markers of blastocyst and RPE cells indicated that the small cysts may have formed structures resembling the blastocyst, possibly caused by the interaction between retinal stem cells and migrated RPE cells.

Spirocerca lupi draft genome, vaccine and anthelmintic targets.

Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode affecting predominantly domestic dogs. It causes spirocercosis, a disease that is often fatal. The assembled draft genome of S. lupi consists of 13,627 predicted protein-coding genes and is approximately 150 Mb in length. Several known anthelmintic gene targets such as for ß-Tubulin, glutamate, and GABA receptors as well as known vaccine gene targets such as cysteine protease inhibitor and cytokines were identified in S. lupi by comparing orthologs of C. elegans anthelmintic gene targets as well as orthologs to known vaccine candidates. New anthelmintic targets were predicted through an inclusion-exclusion strategy and new vaccine targets were predicted through an immunoinformatics approach. New anthelminthic targets include DNA-directed RNA polymerases, chitin synthase, polymerases, and other enzymes. New vaccine targets include cuticle collagens. These gene targets provide a starting platform for new drug identification and vaccine design.

Excision of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour in a dog using short-wave infrared fluorescence imaging and indocyanine green.

A 7-year-old castrated male Golden Retriever weighing 36.8 kg presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with vomiting, anorexia and depression. After blood tests, radiographic, ultrasound and computed tomography examinations, a 7.85 × 5.90 × 8.75 cm mass was identified in the caecum. To visualise the tumour margin and improve the accuracy of tumour resection, intraoperative short-wave infrared imaging using indocyanine green was performed during surgery. An indocyanine green solution was injected intravenously as a bolus of 5 mg/kg 24 h before surgery. Tumour resection was performed with a 0.5 cm margin from the fluorescent-marked tissues. Histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and the absence of neoplastic cells in the surgical margin, indicating a successful surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a GIST resection in a dog using intraoperative short-wave infrared imaging.