RESUMO
Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis (JME) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that occurs spontaneously in a colony of Japanese macaques (JM) at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. Animals with JME display clinical signs resembling multiple sclerosis (MS), and magnetic resonance imaging reveals multiple T2-weighted hyperintensities and gadolinium-enhancing lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we undertook studies to determine if JME possesses features of an immune-mediated disease in the CNS. Comparable to MS, the CNS of animals with JME contain active lesions positive for IL-17, CD4+ T cells with Th1 and Th17 phenotypes, CD8+ T cells, and positive CSF findings.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Encefalomielite/embriologia , Encefalomielite/patologia , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Animais , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Macaca , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , Proteína Básica da Mielina/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismoRESUMO
Three weak, recumbent neonatal foals with skin lesions, including a thin wooly coat, were born to mares being treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Mares received sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, folic acid, and vitamin E orally. Foals were anemic, leukopenic, azotemic, hyponatremic, and hyperkalemic. Serum folate concentrations in the 3 foals and 2 mares were lower than those reported in the literature for clinically normal brood mares. Treatment was unsuccessful. For each foal, necropsy revealed lobulated kidneys with thin cortices and a pale medulla, and the spleen and thymus were small. Histologic examination revealed marked epidermal necrosis without inflammatory cells, thin renal cortices, renal tubular nephrosis, lymphoid aplasia, and bone marrow aplasia and hypoplasia. These observations indicate that oral administration of sulfonamides, 2,4-diaminopyrimidines (pyrimethamine with or without trimethoprim), and folic acid to mares during pregnancy is related to congenital defects in newborn foals.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/anormalidades , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Antagonistas do Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Cavalos/anormalidades , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/veterinária , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/induzido quimicamente , Anormalidades Múltiplas/etiologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/veterinária , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Medula Óssea/anormalidades , Encefalomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalomielite/embriologia , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas do Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Rim/anormalidades , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/embriologia , Pirimetamina/efeitos adversos , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Anormalidades da Pele/induzido quimicamente , Anormalidades da Pele/etiologia , Anormalidades da Pele/veterinária , Sulfadiazina/efeitos adversos , Sulfadiazina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/efeitos adversos , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Vitamina E/efeitos adversos , Vitamina E/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Protozoal encephalitic lesions were found in four aborted fetuses and one dead newborn calf. The organism was identified as Neospora caninum by immunoperoxidase. The brain lesions were of two forms. One was observed in three fetuses of 5 months gestation and was characterized by multifocal necrosis. The other was found in a 7-month fetus and in a newborn calf, and showed severe infiltration with macrophages and plasma cells containing IgG. This association, between the age of fetus and inflammation, may reflect development of the immune system in bovine fetuses.
