Availability of Certified Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners in Appalachian States.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual assault nurse examiners are crucial care providers in cases of sexual assault. However, it is not clear whether sexual assault nurse examiner availability differs throughout the 13 states that comprise the Appalachian region of the United States. Therefore, this cross-sectional analysis identified sexual assault nurse examiner availability in 13 states and determined differences in availability by both county-level Appalachian status and county-level rurality status. METHODS: Data were downloaded from 2 public sexual assault nurse examiner registries for the included 13 states. Descriptive statistics of sexual assault nurse examiner certification type and availability by state were calculated. In addition, bivariate analyses of sexual assault nurse examiner availability by rurality and by Appalachian status were performed using 2-sample z-tests for equality of proportions. RESULTS: State-level sexual assault nurse examiner availability ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 sexual assault nurse examiners per 100,000 residents. Sexual assault nurse examiner availability in these 13 states did not differ by Appalachian status. However, rural areas had significantly lower sexual assault nurse examiner availability than urban areas in these 13 states. DISCUSSION: These data support previous literature on the need for stronger sexual assault nurse examiner programs in rural areas in the United States. Future research should take sexual assault prevalence into account to determine whether local sexual assault nurse examiner access needs, as well as appropriate support for sexual assault nurse examiners, are being met throughout Appalachian states.

Individual Attributes and Environmental Conditions of Registered Nurses Working in Freestanding Emergency Departments in the United States: A Descriptive Exploratory Study.

INTRODUCTION: Freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs) are emergency facilities not connected to inpatient services. The percentage of FSEDs of all EDs grew from 1% in 2001 to 12% in 2017, making FSEDs a substantial subset of US emergency care. The purpose of this study was to describe the individual attributes and environmental conditions of registered nurses working in FSEDs in the US. METHODS: A quantitative descriptive exploratory design with cross-sectional survey methodology. RESULTS: A total of 364 emergency nurses responded to the survey. Most reported their FSED was open 24 hours/day (99.5%), with board-certified emergency physicians onsite (91.5%) and a mean of 3.6 RNs working per shift. Resources immediately available in more than 50% of FSEDs included laboratory and imaging services, and in fewer than 30% of FSEDs included behavioral health care, MRI, obstetric care, orthopedic care, neurologic care, and surgical consult care. Respiratory therapy was reported by 39.6% of respondents as being immediately available. A significant minority of respondents expressed concerns about adequacy of resources and training and the effect on patient care in both survey (30% of respondents) and open-ended questions (42.5% of respondents). DISCUSSION: The practice environment of emergency nurses in FSEDs was reported as having positive elements; however, a substantial subpopulation reported serious concerns. FSEDs adhere to some of the standards put forward by the American College of Emergency Physicians, with notable exceptions in the areas of staffing RNs, staffing ancillary staff, and availability of some resources.

Artificial Intelligence Technology-Based Medical Information Processing and Emergency First Aid Nursing Management.

This study was aimed at exploring the new management mode of medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management under the new artificial intelligence technology. This study will use the artificial intelligence algorithm to optimize medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management process, in order to improve the efficiency of emergency department and first aid efficiency. The successful rescue rates of hemorrhagic shock, coma, dyspnea, and more than three organs injury were 96.7%, 92.5%, 93.7%, and 87.2%, respectively, after the emergency first aid nursing mode was used in the hospital emergency center. The success rates of first aid within three years were compared, which were 91.8%, 93.4%, and 94.2%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. 255 emergency patients in five batches in June and five batches in July were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. Among them, 116 cases in June were taken as the experimental group, and 139 cases in July were taken as the control group, which was used to verify the efficiency of the design model in this study. The results showed that the triage time of the two groups was 8.16 ± 2.07 min and 19.21 ± 6.36 min, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The triage coincidence rates were 96.35% and 90.04%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The research proved that the design of intelligent medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management research model can effectively improve the triage efficiency of the wounded, assist the efficiency of emergency nursing of medical staff, and improve the survival rate of emergency patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Hospital Emergency Nursing Based on Comprehensive Nursing Methods.

In order to improve the comprehensive nursing effect of the hospital emergency treatment, this paper analyzes the process of the hospital emergency treatment. In addition, this paper combines the possible risks to analyze the risk factors of the comprehensive nursing in the hospital emergency treatment and builds an intelligent analysis model based on the actual situation of the hospital emergency treatment. At the same time, this paper conducts a systematic survey of emergency services and gives the composition and structure of the system. In addition, this paper divides the business required by the system into modules, including registration module, doctor workstation, nurse workstation, query statistics module, decision-making module, and maintenance module. Finally, this paper suggests that in the process of the clinical triage, more ideas for improving the existing evaluation model should be proposed, and experience should be transformed into advantages, so as to improve emergency triage skills; establish an objective, quantitative, and scientific concept of emergency classification and triage; and fully realize scientific triage and precise triage.

National Estimates of the Reserve Capacity of Registered Nurses Not Currently Employed in Nursing and Emergency Nursing Job Mobility in the United States.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In a large-scale disaster, recruiting from all retired and nonworking registered nurses is one strategy to address surge demands in the emergency nursing workforce. The purpose of this research was to estimate the workforce capacity of all registered nurses who are not currently working in the nursing field in the United States by state of residence and to describe the job mobility of emergency nurses. METHODS: Weighted population estimates were calculated using the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Estimates of all registered nurses, including nurse practitioners who were not actively working in nursing as well as only those who were retired, based on demographics, place of residence, and per 1,000 state population, were visualized on choropleth maps. Workforce mobility into and out of the emergency nursing specialty between 2016 and 2017 was quantified. RESULTS: Of the survey participants, 61% (weighted n=2,413,382) worked full time as registered nurses at the end of both 2016 and 2017. At the end of 2017, 17.3% (weighted n=684,675) were not working in nursing. The Great Lakes states and Maine demonstrated the highest per capita rate of those not working in nursing, including those who had retired. The largest proportion of those entering the emergency nursing specialty were newly licensed nurses (15%; weighted n=33,979). CONCLUSION: There is an additional and reserve capacity available for recruitment that may help to meet the workforce needs for nursing, specifically emergency nurses and nurse practitioners, across the United States under conditions of a large-scale disaster. The results from this study may be used by the emergency care sector leaders to inform policies, workforce recruitment, workforce geographic mobility, new graduate nurse training, and job accommodation strategies to fully leverage the potential productive human capacity in emergency department care for registered nurses who are not currently working.

Emergency nurses' experiences of the implementation of early goal directed fluid resuscitation therapy in the management of sepsis: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Severe sepsis can lead to organ failure and death if immediate treatment, such as intravenous fluids and antibiotics, are not commenced within the first hour. Time - critical initiation of intravenous fluids which in other words is early goal directed fluid resuscitation has not always been given its clinical priority. This qualitative study aimed at exploring the experiences of emergency nurses initiating early goal directed fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis. METHODS: Using an exploratory approach, face - to - face semi - structured interviews were conducted with ten registered nurses working in emergency departments across New South Wales, Australia. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. FINDINGS: Participants described various factors that inhibited the timely initiation of early goal directed fluid resuscitation, some clinical practice challenges, and strategies to improve nursing practice. Most participants, particularly those practicing as Clinical Initiatives Nurses suggested the incorporation of nurse initiated early goal directed fluid resuscitation for patients with sepsis as part of their scope of practice. CONCLUSION: Our findings identified several barriers that inhibit effective nurse - initiated early goal directed fluid resuscitation. It is anticipated that these findings will provide validation for the re-evaluation of the existing protocols and practice guidelines to increase the scope of practice of emergency nurses initiating early goal directed fluid resuscitation.

Caracterização de pacientes com classificação de risco vermelha em uma unidade hospitalar filantrópica / Characterization of patients with red risk classification in a philanthropic hospital unit / Caracterización de pacientes con clasificación de riesgo roja en una unidad hospitalaria filantrópica

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos pacientes com classificação de risco vermelha (prioridade zero) em um hospital filantrópico. Método: estudo documental, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital filantrópico com 109 prontuários de pacientes com classificação de risco vermelha que adentraram a emergência ao longo de oito meses. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: verificou-se que 33,9% da amostra tinha idade entre 61 e 80 anos; 67,7% eram mulheres; 61,4% não fumavam; 62,4% não eram etilistas; 42,2% eram hipertensos; 16,5% apresentou rebaixamento do sensório. Percebeu-se que 37,6% dos prontuários não tinham a hipótese diagnóstica registrada e que 56,9% tiveram alta hospitalar. Conclusão: constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes com classificação de risco vermelha era idosa, hipertensa, tinha 2º grau completo, não fumava ou era etilista. A principal queixa referida foi rebaixamento do sensório. A principal hipótese diagnóstica foi acidente vascular encefálico. A maioria dos pacientes evoluiu para alta hospitalar

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with red risk classification (priority zero) in a philanthropic hospital. Method: A quantitative documentary study carried out in a philanthropic hospital with 109 charts of patients with red risk classification who entered the emergency room during eight months. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: It was verified that 33.9% of the sample was aged between 61 and 80 years; 67.7% were women; 61.4% did not smoke; 62.4% were non-alcoholic; 42.2% were hypertensive; 16.5% presented lowering of the sensorium. It was noticed that 37.6% of the medical records did not have the diagnostic hypothesis registered and that 56.9% were discharged from hospital. Conclusion: It was found that the majority of the DOI: 10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13.8072Caracterização de pacientes com classificação de risco vermelha...ISSN 2175-5361Pontes TO, Oliveira BSB, Joventino ES165R. pesq.: cuid. fundam. online 2021 jan/dez 13: 164-169patients with red risk classification were elderly, hypertensive, had a full second degree, did not smoke or were an alcoholic. The main complaint reported was lowering of the sensorium. The main diagnostic hypothesis was stroke. Most of the patients evolved to hospital discharge

Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los pacientes con clasificación de riesgo rojo (prioridad cero) en un hospital filantrópico. Método: Estudio documental, cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital filantrópico con 109 prontuarios de pacientes con clasificación de riesgo roja que adentraron la emergencia a lo largo de ocho meses. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: Se verificó que el 33,9% de la muestra tenía edad entre 61 y 80 años; El 67,7% eran mujeres; 61,4% no fumaban; El 62,4% no eran etilistas; El 42,2% eran hipertensos; El 16,5% presentó descenso del sensorio. Se percibió que el 37,6% de los prontuarios no tenían la hipótesis diagnóstica registrada y que el 56,9% tuvo alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: Se constató que la mayoría de los pacientes con clasificación de riesgo rojo era anciana, hipertensa, tenía 2º grado completo, no fumaba o era etilista. La principal queja referida fue descenso del sensorio. La principal hipótesis diagnóstica fue accidente vascular encefálico. La mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron a alta hospitalaria

Understanding nurses perspectives of acuity in the process of emergency mental health triage: a qualitative study.

Background: Post deinstitutionalisation, mental health mainstreaming has led to substantial increases in presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs). The assessment process requires the ED triage nurse to undertake a rapid client assessment, assign a clinically appropriate triage score, and then refer the client to a mental health clinician. The initial assessment is important, and a number of factors influence the process of triage, referral and response including an understanding of mental health presentation acuity. Aim: To understand the factors that influence the ED triage assessment, referral and clinical response of clients with a mental illness. Methods: An ethnographic methodology underpinned the research design. ED triage nurses and mental health triage nurses who worked in a regional hospital provided insights through interviews and observations. The study was also informed by institutional policies and procedures regarding triage. Transcribed in-depth interviews, field notes and memos were analysed using an inductive thematic process. Findings: Mental health triage nurses and ED triage nurses concur that triage is an important part of the assessing process for a person who presents to the ED with a mental health problem. Timely and clinically accurate assessment, followed by referral and response is strongly influenced by the user knowledge of the mental health triage scale, and comprehension of mental health acuity. The conflicting understandings between the two professional nursing groups, called professionally cultured orientations, further impact this process. Conclusion: Professionally cultured orientation to mental health triage and acuity comprehension influence the process of emergency mental health triage and therefore may affect optimal client outcomes. Further research into ED triage design, ED triage education, and a shared understanding of acuity is called for.

Exposición y percepción de las enfermeras ante la violencia laboral en urgencias hospitalarias. Revisión sistemática / Nurses' exposure and perceptions of workplace violence in the emergency service. A systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El departamento de urgencias hospitalarias, debido a sus características, es uno de los lugares donde mayor violencia laboral presentan sus profesionales. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la exposición de las enfermeras ante la violencia laboral en urgencias hospitalarias. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión sistemática realizada entre los años 2013-2018, a través de bases de datos y meta buscadores como LILACS, IBECS, Dialnet Plus, CUIDEN, Cuidatge, ENFISPO y PubMed. Se encontraron 145 artículos. Tras el proceso de selección se obtuvo una muestra final de 20 artículos. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de violencia fue diferente entre los diversos países estudiados, siendo la violencia verbal la más frecuente; las enfermeras más expuestas fueron las de menor antigüedad profesional y las más jóvenes. La demora asistencial fue la causa principal que la desencadenó. CONCLUSIONES: Las enfermeras son de los profesionales que más sufren violencia laboral, considerándola endémica en su lugar de trabajo. La formación de los profesionales y la implicación de los directivos es fundamental para disminuirla o erradicarla

INTRODUCTION: The hospital emergency department, due to its characteristics, is one of the places where more work-place violence occurs in their professionals. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the exposure of nurses to workplace violence in hospital emergencies. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review conducted between 2013-2018, through databases and search engines such as LILACS, IBECS, Dialnet Plus, CUIDEN, Cuidatge, ENFISPO and PubMed. 145 articles were found. After the selection process a final sample of 20 articles is obtained. RESULTS: The incidence of violence was different among the various countries studied, with verbal violence being the most frequent; the most exposed nurses were the youngest professionals and the youngest. The delay in care was the main cause that triggered it. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses are one of the professionals who suffer more workplace violence, considering it endemic. The training of professionals and the involvement of managers is essential to reduce or eradicate it

Emergency nurses' perceptions of their role in responding to escalations of care for clinical deterioration.

BACKGROUND: Clinical leadership is fundamental to patient safety. The Emergency Department (ED) nurse-in-charge is a key leadership role; however, few studies have explored the management of clinical deterioration from the ED nurse-in-charge perspective. The aim of this study was to explore ED nurses-in-charge' perceptions of their role in responding to episodes of escalation of care for clinical deterioration of ED patients. METHODS: A prospective exploratory descriptive design was used to address the study aims. The study was conducted in an urban ED in Melbourne, Australia. Senior emergency nurses who fulfilled the role of being in charge of the ED were invited to participate. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two major themes, each with two subthemes were identified. The first major theme of Clinical Risk Management comprised sub-themes of Clinical Skills and Confidence. The second major theme of Resource Management comprised sub-themes of Human Resource Management and Logistical Resource Management. CONCLUSIONS: Strong collaboration, logistical and clinical risk management roles were perceived as fundamental to the nurse-in-charge's capacity to respond to escalations of care for clinical deterioration within in a complex team environment such as the ED.

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that poor sleep could result in many unpleasant consequences and is prevalent in nurses. Considering the fact of high stress, overwhelming workload and many night shifts in the emergency department in China, this study aimed to evaluate the current status of emergency nurses' sleep quality in public hospitals in Shandong, China and explored its influencing factors. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Job Content Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among 4856 emergency nurses in five randomly selected city emergency command systems in Shandong, China. The association of potential influencing factors, including occupational, psychosocial and individual factors, with poor sleep (PSQI> 5) was quantified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The average PSQI score of 4730 emergency nurses in public hospitals was 8.2 ± 3.9, including 3114 (65.8%) subjects with PSQI > 5 and 2905 (61.4%) > 8; these figures were found highest for 337 emergency nurses in 14 tertiary hospitals with 11.8 ± 4.3, 257 (76.3%) and 232 (68.8%), followed by 1044 emergency nurses in 43 secondary hospitals with 9.5 ± 3.9, 725 (69.4%) and 675 (64.7%) and 3349 emergency nurses in 167 primary hospitals with 7.4 ± 3.5, 2132 (63.7%) and 1998 (59.7%). The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs. primary, secondary vs. primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4-6 vs. never, ≥7 vs. never) and high occupational stress. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep quality of emergency nurses in public hospitals in China was poor, especially in tertiary hospitals. Many factors as listed above, especially occupational stress, night shift taking and workload at night, should be considered when improving emergency nurses' sleep quality.

Patient-related stressful situations and stress-related outcomes in emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study on the role of work factors and recovery during leisure time.

BACKGROUND: Emergency nurses are frequently exposed to patient-related stressful situations, making them susceptible to emotional exhaustion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The current study aims to assess differential effects of patient-related stressful situations (emotionally demanding situations, aggression/conflict situations, and critical events) on stress-related outcomes in emergency nurses, and to identify moderating factors based on the Job Demands-Resources model and the Effort-Recovery model (job demands, job resources, and recovery experiences during leisure time). METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses working in the emergency departments of 19 hospitals in the Netherlands (N = 692, response rate 73%). Data were collected by means of an online survey. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were performed, controlling for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: The frequency of exposure to patient-related stressful situations was positively related to stress-related outcomes, with emotionally demanding situations and aggression/conflict situations mainly explaining variance in emotional exhaustion (ß = 0.16, p < .01, ∆R² = 0.08, and ß = 0.22, p < .01, ∆R² = 0.13), whereas critical events mainly explained variance in post-traumatic stress symptoms (ß = 0.29, p < .01, ∆R² = 0.11). Moderating effects were found for within worktime recovery and recovery during leisure time. Work-time demands, autonomy and social support from the supervisor were predictive of stress-related outcomes irrespectively of exposure to patient-related stressful situations. CONCLUSION: As patient-related stressful situations are difficult if not impossible to reduce in an emergency department setting, the findings suggest it would be worthwhile to stimulate within worktime recovery as well as recovery experiences during leisure time, to protect emergency nurses from emotional exhaustion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of reducing work-time demands and enhancing job resources to address stress-related outcomes in emergency nurses. Practical implications, strengths and limitations are discussed.

Workplace Conflicts Among Emergency Department Nurses: Instrument Development and Psychometric Properties.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conflicts in nursing workplace are frequent and can be resolved by individuals or groups. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measure for the Workplace Conflicts among Emergency Department Nurses (WCEDN). METHODS: A three-stage mixed methods study was conducted: (a) In-depth interviews with emergency department (ED) nurses were performed and themes were extracted from the data (b) Findings of the content analysis in combination with results of a literature review were examined, and preliminary instrument items were developed. The initial instrument comprised 50 items. (c) Content validity, face validity, content validity ratio, content validity index, and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS: Subscales in the final instrument included Intrapersonal Conflict, Intragroup Conflict, Intergroup Conflict, and Causes of Conflict. Reliability of the instrument was .86, and the feasibility was 96.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The final 40-item WCEDN demonstrated strong psychometric properties.

Workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman: a cross-sectional multi-institutional study.

AIM: To examine the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman. BACKGROUND: Violence against healthcare professionals, including nurses, is a global public health problem. Understanding the epidemiology of violence is crucial for the implementation of appropriate preventative and management policies. METHODS: We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study in February 2019 utilizing a widely employed self-report questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. We invited all emergency department nurses working in four governmental hospitals in Al-Sharqiyah and Al-Dakhiliyah Governorates of Oman to participate in the study. RESULTS: Of the 103 respondents, most were Omani (57.3%), female (73.8%), and 30 years or older (65%). The majority (87.4%) were exposed to violence in the past 12 months, and non-physical violence (84.5%) was over fourfold greater than physical violence (18.4%). Most physical and non-physical incidents took place during weekends (68.4% and 82.8%, respectively) and in the afternoon or night shifts (78.9‬% and 93.1%, respectively), and family members and visitors were the most common perpetrators of violence (62.6% physical and 66.7% non-physical). Non-Omani nurses (P = 0.03) and those with education less than a bachelor's degree (P = 0.007) were less likely to experience physical violence. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Workplace violence is highly prevalent among emergency department nurses in Oman. Future studies should investigate violent incident reporting, and the causes and consequences of workplace violence on nurses' psychological and physical well-being, work functioning and the quality of care provided to patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: The high prevalence of workplace violence is alarming and demonstrates the need for additional interventions to reduce violence and limit its consequences on healthcare professionals and patients' quality of care. Findings from this study can be used to implement changes in existing anti-violence policies.

Developing an integrated career and competence framework for a whole systems approach to urgent and emergency care delivery.

BACKGROUND: The impact of crowding in emergency departments on patient safety, staff wellbeing, residents' education and performance of the wider healthcare systems is a global concern. Attention to whole systems healthcare strategies to improve service efficiency is growing, but staff are not well prepared to deliver care across organizational boundaries. Our study aimed to develop an integrated career and competence framework for whole systems urgent and emergency care. METHODS: We used mixed methods underpinned by a sequential exploratory design to collect data from a purposive sample. The sample included participants with clinical and mentoring or supervisory expertise in urgent and emergency care settings (n = 27) and university lecturers in emergency care programs (n = 7). RESULTS: The integrated career and competence framework provides a broad pathway for urgent and emergency care across contributing contexts. The framework illustrates what to expect of staff in urgent and emergency care contexts, irrespective of discipline. CONCLUSION: The integrated career and competence framework highlights the capacity of care contexts to support informed navigation of the healthcare system in pursuit for urgent care. This initiative benchmarks a step toward whole systems urgent and emergency care to relieve the pressure on emergency departments and to grow staff across the system toward integrated working.

Emergency nurses' knowledge about ventilator-associated pneumonia.

INTRODUCTION: Given the increasing number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation in emergency departments in recent years, prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia is very important. Nurses play a significant role in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the emergency nurses knowledge about prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. METHODS: The present descriptive study was conducted in Iran, from July to October 2018. All the nurses with at least a bachelor degree, who are working in two emergency departments of two teaching hospitals, were asked to participate in this study. The "knowledge about ventilator-associated pneumonia" questionnaire consisting of 9 items was used to assess the knowledge of nurses. The results were analyzed using SPSS-16. RESULTS: In total, 53 nurses participated in this study. The mean score of correct answers of nurses to these 9 items was 4.4 ±â€¯1.6. Nurses give the most correct answer to the item about patient's position on the bed so as to reduce the risk of pneumonia with a correct answer of 72.9%. The least correct answer was also given to the item about how humidifier was changed with a correct answer of 1.9%. None of the nurses participating in the study were able to answer all the items correctly. The mean score of knowledge of nurses who had participated in workshops about taking care of patients on mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than those who had not participated in such workshops (4.8 vs. 3.8) (p = 0.045). The mean score of knowledge in nurses who were familiar with the international guidelines for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention was significantly higher than those who were not familiar with such guidelines (5.1 vs. 4.1) (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Emergency nurses participated in this study had inadequate knowledge about the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nurse's knowledge affected by participation in related workshop and familiarity with ventilator-associated pneumonia guidelines. Considering the importance of this issue, it is necessary to improve the knowledge of the emergency nurses in this matter by holding training courses.

Frontline barriers to effective paramedic and emergency nursing STEMI management: clinician perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Factors that hinder the pivotal role frontline clinicians play in STEMI management are under-reported. We aimed to explore perceived barriers to effective STEMI management by addressing the following questions: 1. What are the most commonly occurring barriers to timely STEMI management for paramedics and emergency nurses? 2. Are there differences in barriers experienced by paramedics and emergency nurses? 3. Are there differences in barriers experienced by frontline clinicians in rural and metropolitan settings? METHODS: A 79-item online survey was offered to paramedics and emergency nurses. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis identified the most frequently experienced types of barriers. Professional groups and geographical locations were compared. RESULTS: There were 333 respondents. Response rates for paramedics was 10% and 9% for members of an emergency nursing association. Most commonly occurring barriers across all respondents were: 'lack of skills development'; 'lack of feedback'; 'untimely support'; 'distance to scene/hospital facilities'; 'hospital-related delays'. Statistically significant differences were found by professional group and geographical location. CONCLUSION: Barriers to timely management were present, but not frequently experienced. Survey responses indicate a need for improved continuing professional development opportunity, clearer feedback mechanisms, streamlined facilitation of STEMI processes in hospitals, and enhanced access to expert advice/resources for all frontline clinicians.

The implementation and usability of HIRAID, a structured approach to emergency nursing assessment.

BACKGROUND: Emergency nurses are responsible for the initial assessment, management and safety of critically ill patients. HIRAID, an evidence-informed emergency nursing assessment framework, is known to improve emergency nursing patient-assessment in the simulated environment however has not been evaluated in the clinical setting. METHODS: A pre-post design was used to assess the usability and impact of HIRAID on emergency nurses self-efficacy in the emergency department (ED). Nursing and medical staff from three Australian EDs were surveyed. Descriptive and optimal pooled sample t-tests statistics were conducted. RESULTS: One hundred and two emergency nurses completed the pre-intervention self-efficacy survey and 63 completed the post-intervention self-efficacy and satisfaction survey. Forty-two and 17 medical officers completed the pre- and post-intervention satisfaction surveys, respectively. Nursing staff self-efficacy levels were unchanged pre- and post-HIRAID implementation (Mean (SD): 8.8 (0.21) vs. 8.7 (0.20)) as was medical staff satisfaction (Mean (SD):7.5 (1.43) vs. 7.8 (1.07)), although there was a trend towards improved communication. CONCLUSION: The HIRAID structured approach to patient assessment is acceptable, feasible, practical and appropriate for use in the clinical environment. Further research will demonstrate the direct effects of HIRAID on clinical performance.

Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service / Evaluación del burnout en enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general / Avaliação do burnout em enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of Burnout among nurses in a general emergency department. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. 32 nurses from a general adult emergency department answered a questionnaire to evaluate Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). Result: It was verified that 59.4% of the nurses presented total Burnout. Work-related burnout was the subscale with the highest average score. It was found that the lower the age and the longer the time working in the institution, the higher the level of Burnout. Longer professional experience was related to lower levels of Burnout. There were also higher scores of Burnout among participants who thought about changing their profession, their institution or their service. Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout is high. Professional Burnout was the most critical subscale. Age and the current work are the subscales that most influence perceived Burnout

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de Burnout de los enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Participaron 32 enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general de adultos que respondieron a un cuestionario para evaluar el Burnout. (Copenhague Burnout Inventory). Resultados: Se verificó que el 59,4% de los enfermeros estaban en Burnout Total, siendo el Burnout relacionado con el trabajo, la dimensión con valor más elevado. Se ha comprobado que cuanto menor es la edad, cuanto más tiempo en la institución, mayor es el nivel de Burnout. Cuanto más tiempo de ejercicio profesional, menor el Burnout. Se verificaron aún valores más elevados de Burnout en los participantes que piensan en cambiar de profesión, en los que piensan en cambiar de institución y cambiar de servicio. Conclusión: La prevalencia de Burnout es elevada. El Burnout profesional es la dimensión más perjudicial. La edad y el contexto de ejercicio son las dimensiones que más influyen la percepción de Burnout.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de Burnout dos enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e transversal. Participaram 32 enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral de adultos que responderam a um questionário para avaliar o Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). Resultados: Verificou-se que 59,4% dos enfermeiros estavam em Burnout Total, sendo o Burnout relacionado com o trabalho, a dimensão com valor mais elevado. Apurou-se que quanto menor a idade, quanto mais tempo na instituição, maior o nível de Burnout. Quanto mais tempo de exercício profissional, menor o Burnout. Verificou-se ainda valores mais elevados de Burnout nos participantes que pensam em mudar de profissão, nos que pensam em mudar de instituição e mudar de serviço. Conclusão: A prevalência de Burnout é elevada. O Burnout profissional é a dimensão mais prejudicada. A idade e o contexto de exercício são as dimensões que mais influenciam a perceção de Burnout.

Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of Burnout among nurses in a general emergency department. METHOD: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. 32 nurses from a general adult emergency department answered a questionnaire to evaluate Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). RESULT: It was verified that 59.4% of the nurses presented total Burnout. Work-related burnout was the subscale with the highest average score. It was found that the lower the age and the longer the time working in the institution, the higher the level of Burnout. Longer professional experience was related to lower levels of Burnout. There were also higher scores of Burnout among participants who thought about changing their profession, their institution or their service. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Burnout is high. Professional Burnout was the most critical subscale. Age and the current work are the subscales that most influence perceived Burnout.