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3.
Drug Discov Today ; 16(17-18): 751-4, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21741495

RESUMO

This article addresses the question about whether informed consent (IC) can be waived in Phase IV randomized observational drug studies (P4RODSs). To do this, it was first necessary to establish that the term P4RODS is a contradiction precisely because randomization necessarily makes a study 'interventional', hence P4RIDS. Once this was established we argued that, based on the right and the harm principles, universally waiving IC in P4RIDS is ethically unjustifiable. Looking into public health and the nature of equipotent and bioequivalent drugs were also insufficient rationale to justify circumstantial waiving of IC. We conclude that IC can never be waived in P4RIDS, although an opt-out procedure in minimal risk studies could be ethically acceptable.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos Fase IV como Assunto/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Saúde Pública/ética , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/ética , Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem
5.
Curr Med Res Opin ; 27(3): 513-8, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21208152

RESUMO

Most of the literature on informed consent in pharmaceutical drug research works on the assumption that informed consent is something that is homogeneous and thus can be rendered procedurally universal. This may be justifiable to a certain extent owing to the fact these are all drug trials anyway. Nevertheless, in spite of this general similarity, we also know that the clinical drug development phases are characteristically different, and that phase IV is very different from the other phases because, owing to its postmarketing nature, it is much more varied in scope and in type. Thus, it is worthwhile looking into the ethical nuances relevant to the informed consent process in phase IV non-interventional drug research. We shall deal with the issues on the necessity of informed consent for this type of research and then discuss the possibilities for an opt-out system. We conclude that informed consent is necessary for non-interventional studies, and thus any form of waiving of rights of participants to informed consent must have a valid substantial justification. The distinct character of phase IV accounts for the difference in content of the informed consent document compared to that of earlier phases, and both opt-in and opt-out procedures are ethically justifiable as long as the participant's participation remains informed and voluntary.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos Fase IV como Assunto/ética , Ensaios Clínicos Fase IV como Assunto/métodos , Termos de Consentimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Observação , Autonomia Pessoal , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados , Pesquisa , Medição de Risco
8.
Am J Bioeth ; 10(8): 19-30, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20694901

RESUMO

Commentators on the ethics of translational research find it morally problematic. Types of translational research are said to involve questionable benefits, special risks, additional barriers to informed consent, and severe conflicts of interest. Translational research conducted on the global poor is thought to exploit them and increase international disparities. Some commentators support especially stringent ethical review. However, such concerns are grounded only in pre-approval translational research (now called T1). Whether or not T1 has these features, translational research beyond approval (T2: phase IV, health services, and implementation research) is unlikely to and, when conducted on the global poor, may support development. Therefore, insofar as T1 is morally problematic, and no independent objections to T2 exist, the ethics of translational research is diverse: while some translational research is problematic, some is not. Funding and oversight should reflect this diversity, and T2 should be encouraged, particularly when conducted among the global poor.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/ética , Conflito de Interesses , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Pobreza , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/ética , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/ética , Populações Vulneráveis , Ensaios Clínicos Fase IV como Assunto/ética , Análise Ética , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa , Ética em Pesquisa , Saúde Global , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/ética , Humanos , Direitos do Paciente/ética , Pobreza/ética , Experimentação Humana Terapêutica/ética
13.
Int J Clin Pract ; 60(2): 242-52, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16451302

RESUMO

The practice of pharmaceutical medicine brings with it ethical challenges and dilemmas often very different from those encountered in the practice of clinical medicine. Having established a framework of guiding ethical principles, this report aims to look in some detail at specific areas of possible ethical concern to pharmaceutical physicians, offering practical advice and guidance on good practice. The report covers issues related to pharmaceutical research, including dissemination of research findings, communication with other health professionals and patients and involvement of pharmaceutical physicians and companies in the provision of patient services. The primacy of the interests of patients and the wider public is emphasised, and the possible impact of new developments in pharmaceutical technology is explored. It is hoped that the report will help those working in pharmaceutical medicine and act as a stimulus for wider discussion and debate.


Assuntos
Ética Farmacêutica , Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Ensaios Clínicos Fase IV como Assunto/ética , Comunicação , Atenção à Saúde , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Gestão de Riscos
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