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1.
BMC Microbiol ; 24(1): 360, 2024 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39306662

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infection, affecting 150 million people each year worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae species expressing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) are on the rise across the globe and are becoming a severe problem in the therapeutic management of clinical cases of urinary tract infection. Knowledge of the prevalence and antibiogram profile of such isolates is essential to develop an appropriate treatment methodology. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae isolates exhibiting ESBL and their selective oral antibiogram profile at the district general hospital, Polonnaruwa. RESULTS: A total of 4386 urine specimens received to the Microbiology Laboratory during the study period. Among them, 1081 (24.6%) showed positive results for urine culture while 200/1081 specimens showed ESBL isolates. Out of the selected 200 specimen's majority (67.5%) of samples received from the In-Patient Department. There were 200 patients and reported that 115 (57.5%) were females and 85 (42.5%) were males. The majority (51%) of the patients belong to the age group of 55-74 years. Among the ESBLs positive specimens, the majority 74.5% (n = 149) identified organisms were E. coli followed by Klebsiella spp.17.5% (n = 35), Enterobacteriaceae 7% (n = 14) and only1% (n = 2) isolate of Proteus spp. Mecillinam (87.92%) and Nitrofurantoin (83.2%) showed higher effectiveness against E. coli. Nitrofurantoin showed the highest effectiveness against Klebsiella spp. (40%), other Enterobacteriaceae spp. (100%). Proteus spp. showed 100% effectiveness and resistance respectively against Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION: The most predominant ESBLs producing uro-pathogen was the E. coli in the study setting and E. coli had higher sensitivity rate against Mecillinam. Among currently used oral antibiotics Nitrofurantoin was the best choice for UTIs caused by ESBL producers.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Urinárias , beta-Lactamases , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Masculino , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Idoso , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adolescente , Nitrofurantoína/farmacologia , Nitrofurantoína/uso terapêutico , Prevalência , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/enzimologia
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(10): 2178-2182, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39320334

RESUMO

We examined the emergence and characteristics of oxacillinase-484-producing Enterobacterales in France during 2012-2023. Genomic analysis identified 2 predominant sequence types in Escherichia coli: ST410 and ST1722. Plasmid analysis revealed that blaOXA-484 genes were carried mostly on an IncX3-type plasmid associated with genetic elements including insertion sequences IS3000 and ISKpn19.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , beta-Lactamases , França/epidemiologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , História do Século XXI
3.
Sci Total Environ ; 953: 175905, 2024 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218095

RESUMO

Heavy metals occur naturally in the environment, and their concentration varies in soil across different regions. However, the presence of heavy metals may influence the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and characterise the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterobacterales in soil and bovine milk filters from high and low zinc-containing regions in Ireland. In total, 50 soil samples and 29 milk filters were collected from two geographic locations with varying soil zinc concentrations. Samples were cultured for the enumeration and detection of Enterobacterales. Specifically, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated using selective media. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The phenotypic resistance profiles of selected Enterobacterales were determined by disk diffusion testing, following EUCAST and CLSI criteria; while, the genotypic resistance profiles of the same isolates were determined by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Heavy metal concentrations were also measured for all soil samples. A total of 40 antimicrobial resistant Enterobacterales were identified in soil (n = 31) and milk filters (n = 9). The predominant species detected in the high zinc-containing region was Escherichia coli in both sample types (soil n = 10, milk filters n = 2), while in the low zinc-containing region Serratia fonticola was predominant in soil samples (n = 8) and E. coli in milk filters (n = 4). Ten E. coli isolates identified from soil samples in the high zinc-containing region were multidrug resistant, showing resistance to all the antimicrobials tested, except for carbapenems. The WGS findings confirmed the phenotypic resistance results. Moreover, zinc resistance-associated genes and genes encoding for efflux pumps were identified. The current study revealed distinct phenotypic resistance profiles of Enterobacterales in low and high zinc-containing regions, and highlighted the benefit of utilising milk filters for AMR surveillance in dairy production.


Assuntos
Enterobacteriaceae , Microbiologia do Solo , Zinco , Zinco/análise , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Indústria de Laticínios , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Irlanda , Animais , Leite/microbiologia , Bovinos , Poluentes do Solo/análise
4.
Sci Total Environ ; 953: 176078, 2024 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39244046

RESUMO

Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) is a robust technology to increase groundwater recharge and to improve reclaimed water quality. SAT reduces dissolved organic carbon, contaminants of emerging concern, nutrients, and colloidal matter, including pathogen indicators, but little is known about its ability to reduce loads of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from reclaimed waters. Here we test six pilot SAT systems to eliminate various biological hazards from the secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), equipped with reactive barriers (RBs) including different sorptive materials. Using flow cytometry, qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing methods, we determined that all six SAT systems reduced total loads of bacteria by 80 to 95 % and of clinically relevant ARGs by 85 to 99.9 %. These efficiencies are similar to those reported for UV/oxidation or membrane-based tertiary treatments, which require much more energy and resources. The presence and composition of reactive barriers, the season of sampling (June 2020, October 2020, and September 2021), or the flow regime (continuous versus pulsating) did not affect ARG removal efficiency, although they did alter the microbial community composition. This suggests that an adequate design of the SAT reactive barriers may significantly increase their performance. Under a mechanistic point of view, we observed an ecological succession of bacterial groups, linked to the changing physical-chemical conditions along the SAT, and likely correlated to the removal of ARGs. We concluded that SAT is as cost-efficient technology able to dramatically reduce ARG loads and other biological hazards from WWTP secondary effluents.


Assuntos
Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Água Subterrânea , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Águas Residuárias , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Água Subterrânea/microbiologia , Água Subterrânea/química , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Genes Bacterianos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 20843, 2024 09 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39242800

RESUMO

The preservation of microorganisms is pivotal in microbiological practice. Currently, cryopreservation is assumed to be an effective and inexpensive approach for the storage of microorganisms, including bacteria. The key point of cryopreservation is optimal cryoprotectant selection. In the present study, different cryoprotectant compositions were tested for long-term storage of 15 Enterobacterales bacterial strains at - 20 °C. The survival rates of the bacterial strains were evaluated in four different cryoprotectant solutions containing 70% glycerin only (cryoprotectants 1 and 4), 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with 70% glycerin (cryoprotectant 2), and 10% DMSO (cryoprotectant 3). In addition, cryoprotectants 1 and 2 contained peptone and yeast extract as nutritional supplements. The general survival rates of the bacterial strains were evaluated after 12 months of storage. After 12 months, the survival rates of the different cryoprotectants were as follows: cryoprotectant 1-88.87%; cryoprotectant 2-84.85%; cryoprotectant 3-83.50%; and cryoprotectant 4-44.81%. Thus, the composition of cryoprotectant 1 (70% glycerin with nutrient supplements) was optimal for preserving 15 tested strains of the order Enterobacterales. Despite these findings, the biochemical properties of the tested strains changed after cryopreservation for 12 months in the presence of 1 or 3 cryoprotectants. Alterations in the biochemical profile could be related to changes in environmental conditions and cold adaptation. We assume that the composition of cryoprotectant 1 can be optimal for storing the order Enterobacterales at - 20 °C. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the problem of cryopreservation and to support our assumption.


Assuntos
Criopreservação , Crioprotetores , Enterobacteriaceae , Viabilidade Microbiana , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Criopreservação/métodos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Glicerol/farmacologia
6.
PeerJ ; 12: e18007, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39253603

RESUMO

Monitoring of stream water quality is a key element of water resource management worldwide, but methods that are commonly used in temperate habitats may not be appropriate in humid tropical systems. We assessed the influence of four land uses on microbial water quality in 21 streams in the Panama Canal Watershed over a one-year period, using a common culture-based fecal indicator test and 16S rDNA metabarcoding. Each stream was located within one of four land uses: mature forest, secondary forest, silvopasture, and traditional cattle pasture. Culturing detected total coliforms and Escherichia coli across all sites but found no significant differences in concentrations between land uses. However, 16S rDNA metabarcoding revealed variability in the abundance of coliforms across land uses and several genera that can cause false positives in culture-based tests. Our results indicate that culture-based fecal indicator bacteria tests targeting coliforms may be poor indicators of fecal contamination in Neotropical oligotrophic streams and suggest that tests targeting members of the Bacteroidales would provide a more reliable indication of fecal contamination.


Assuntos
Enterobacteriaceae , Monitoramento Ambiental , Fezes , Rios , Microbiologia da Água , Fezes/microbiologia , Rios/microbiologia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Clima Tropical , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Qualidade da Água
7.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2511, 2024 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39285409

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ensuring the availability of safe drinking water remains a critical challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli bacteria and, geographical, children availability, and seasonal exposure assessment through a meta-analysis. METHODS: Two independent review groups extensively searched internet databases for English-language research articles published between 2013 and 2023. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of each included study was evaluated using the STROBE guidelines. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of a funnel plot and then tested by the Egger regression test, and meta-analysis was performed using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models with inverse variance weighting. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore heterogeneity. RESULTS: Out of 48 potentially relevant studies, only 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli was 64% (95% CI: 56.0-71.0%, I2 = 95.8%) and 54% (95% CI: 45.7-62.3%, I2 = 94.2%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of fecal coliform bacteria increased during the wet season (70%) compared to the dry season (60%), particularly in households with under-five children (74%) compared to all households (61%), in rural (68%) versus urban (66%) areas, and in regions with high prevalence such as Amhara (71%), Gambela (71%), and Oromia (70%). Similarly, the prevalence of E. coli was higher in households with under-five children (66%) than in all households (46%). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis highlights the higher prevalence of fecal coliform and E. coli within households drinking water, indicating that these bacteria are a significant public health concern. Moreover, these findings emphasize the critical need for targeted interventions aimed at improving drinking water quality to reduce the risk of fecal contamination and enhance public health outcomes for susceptible groups, including households with under-five children, in particular geographical areas such as the Amhara, Gambela, and Oromia regions, as well as rural areas, at point-of-use, and during the rainy season. REGISTRATION: This review was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID - CRD42023448812).


Assuntos
Água Potável , Escherichia coli , Fezes , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Água Potável/microbiologia , Prevalência , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Características da Família , Estações do Ano , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação
8.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 412, 2024 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39272173

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase -producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are important zoonotic pathogens that can cause serious clinical infections, also in horses. Preventing the spread of ESBL-E, especially in the equine hospital environment, is key to reducing the number of difficult-to-treat infections. Estimating the local prevalence of ESBL-E in horses is crucial to establish targeted infection control programs at equine hospitals. We conducted a prevalence and risk factor study in equine patients on admission to an equine teaching hospital in Finland through a rectal ESBL-E screening specimen of the horse and a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of ESBL-E in admitted horses was 3% (5/161, 95% CI 1-7%); none of the tested factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis, although antimicrobial treatment within three months was borderline significant (p = 0.052). Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase -producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST6179:CTX-M-15 was detected in three horses using whole-genome sequencing, which in combination with patient records suggested nosocomial transmission. Escherichia coli isolates were ST1250:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), ST1079:CTX-M-1 (n = 1), and ST1245:CTX-M-14 (n = 1). Multiple virulence genes were detected in the ESBL-E isolates. In the ESBL-E positive horses enrolled in a one-year follow-up study, ESBL-E were unlikely to be isolated in rectal screening specimens after the initial positive specimen. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ESBL-E in horses visiting a veterinary teaching hospital in Finland is low, indicating an overall low prevalence estimate in the country's equine population. No statistically significant risk factors were identified, likely due to the low number of cases. The duration of ESBL-E carriage is likely to be very short in horses.


Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Doenças dos Cavalos , Hospitais Veterinários , beta-Lactamases , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , beta-Lactamases/genética , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/veterinária , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia
9.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 13(1): 102, 2024 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39267161

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, trends, and potential nosocomial transmission events of the hidden reservoir of rectal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E). METHODS: From 2013 to 2022, yearly point prevalence surveys were conducted in a large Dutch teaching hospital. On the day of the survey, all admitted patients were screened for ESBL-E rectal carriage using peri-anal swabs and a consistent and sensitive selective culturing method. All Enterobacterales phenotypically suspected of ESBL production were analysed using whole genome sequencing for ESBL gene detection and clonal relatedness analysis. RESULTS: On average, the ESBL-E prevalence was 4.6% (188/4,119 patients), ranging from 2.1 to 6.6% per year. The ESBL-prevalence decreased on average 5.5% per year. After time trend correction, the prevalence in 2016 and 2020 was lower compared to the other year. Among the ESBL-E, Escherichia coli (80%) and CTX-M genes (85%) predominated. Potential nosocomial transmission events could be found in 5.9% (11/188) of the ESBL-E carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The ESBL-E rectal carriage prevalence among hospitalized patients was 4.6% with a downward trend from 2013 to 2022. The decrease in ESBL-E prevalence in 2020 could have been due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent countrywide measures as no nosocomial transmission events were detected in 2020. However, the persistently low ESBL-E prevalences in 2021 and 2022 suggest that the decline in ESBL-E prevalence goes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that overall ESBL-E carriage rates are declining over time. Continuous monitoring of ESBL-E prevalence and transmission rates can aid infection control policy to keep antibiotic resistance rates in hospitals low.


Assuntos
Portador Sadio , Infecção Hospitalar , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Hospitais de Ensino , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , beta-Lactamases , Humanos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/transmissão , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Idoso , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Reto/microbiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem
10.
Saudi Med J ; 45(9): 876-887, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39218463

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potency of Manuka honey UMF +15 against Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Bacterial resistance is a worldwide problem that is increasing year by year, especially Carbapenem resistance. Alternatives to antibiotics are needed to both reduce costs, and to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance, with the ultimate goal of saving lives. METHODS: The efficacy of Manuka honey UMF +15 was tested by 2 methods; Well diffusion assay and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against twenty Carbapenem-resistant isolates which collected from Makkah city hospitals during three months of study from 1st of September 2023 up to 1st of December 2023. RESULTS: The growth of all isolates of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) was severely inhibited by low concentrations of Manuka honey, affecting 25% of isolates at 15% and 75% of isolates at 18% of Manuka honey. In addition, using the honey at different concentrations in a well diffusion assay resulted, as expected, in a variable zone diameter, ranging from large zones(14mm) to small zones (2 mm) according to the concentration of the honey. CONCLUSION: This study shows the remarkable antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and suggests that this natural remedy might be used in the future as an alternative treatment option against Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE); however, further clinical trials should be performed to corroborate our initial findings.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos , Mel , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Leptospermum , Humanos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos
11.
BMC Microbiol ; 24(1): 317, 2024 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39223475

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rusted root rot is one of the most common root diseases in Panax ginseng, and Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the main pathogenic fungus. The objective of this study was to screen and explore the extracts of biocontrol bacteria isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil against Cylindrocarpon destructans. RESULTS: Bacterial strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 and Enterobacteriacea YY115 were isolated and found to exhibit in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans. A combination of crude protein extract from B. amyloliquefaciens YY8 and ethyl acetate extract from Enterobacteriacea YY115 in a 6:4 ratio exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against C. destructans. Measurements of electrical conductivity, protein content, and nucleic acid content in suspension cultures of C. destructans treated with a mixture extracts indicated that the extracts disrupted the cell membranes of rusted root rot mycelia, resulting in the leakage of electrolytes, proteins, and nucleic acids from the cells, and ultimately inhibiting the growth of C. destructans. The combined extracts suppressed the infection of ginseng roots discs by C. destructans effectively. CONCLUSION: The extracts obtained from the two bacterial strains effectively inhibited C. destructans in P. ginseng. It can provide scientific basis for the development of new biological control pesticides, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.


Assuntos
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Enterobacteriaceae , Panax , Doenças das Plantas , Raízes de Plantas , Panax/microbiologia , Panax/química , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/metabolismo , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/química , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Rizosfera , Acetatos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascomicetos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Agentes de Controle Biológico/farmacologia
12.
Microbiol Res ; 288: 127879, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39182419

RESUMO

The emergence of plasmid-encoded colistin resistance mechanisms, MCR-1, a phosphoethanolamine transferase, rendered colistin ineffective as last resort antibiotic against severe infections caused by clinical Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Through screening FDA-approved drug library, we identified two structurally similar compounds, namely cetylpyridinium chloride (CET) and domiphen bromide (DOM), which potentiated colistin activity in both colistin-resistant and susceptible Enterobacterales. These compounds were found to insert their long carbon chain to a hydrophobic pocket of bacterial phosphoethanolamine transferases including MCR-1, competitively blocking the binding of lipid A tail for substrate recognition and modification, resulting in the increase of bacterial sensitivity to colistin. In addition, these compounds were also found to dissipate bacterial membrane potential leading to the increase of bacterial sensitivity to colistin. Importantly, combinational use of DOM with colistin exhibited remarkable protection of test animals against infections by colistin-resistant bacteria in both mouse thigh infection and sepsis models. For mice infected by colistin-susceptible bacteria, the combinational use of DOM and colistin enable us to use lower dose of colistin to for efficient treatment. These properties render DOM excellent adjuvant candidates that help transform colistin into a highly potent antimicrobial agent for treatment of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and allowed us to use of a much lower dosage of colistin to reduce its toxicity against colistin-susceptible bacterial infection such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Cetilpiridínio , Colistina , Etanolaminofosfotransferase , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cetilpiridínio/farmacologia , Colistina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Etanolaminofosfotransferase/metabolismo , Etanolaminofosfotransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Etanolaminofosfotransferase/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
13.
Infect Genet Evol ; 124: 105658, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39168275

RESUMO

The rapid emergence of Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is a major global public health concern. Previous studies have identified that intensive medical care of dogs and cats in veterinary hospitals have accelerated the infections and spread of ESBL-E. To investigate the spread of ESBL-E in a veterinary hospital, a total of 202 samples including hospitalized animals, veterinary healthcare workers and environment were collected from a veterinary hospital in Chengdu, China. ESBL-E were identified by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and 16 s rRNA sequencing and were further conducted on ESBL gene detection and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). At last, strains with transmission potential were analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Our results showed that the overall prevalence of ESBL-positive isolates was 34.7% (70/202), with 55.3% (26/47) in animals, 29.3% (12/41) in healthcare workers and 28.1% (32/114) in environment swabs. Twenty diverse MLST types were detected, with ST744, ST231 as the most prevalent ones. Transmission chains of two ESBL-E.coli (ST744 blaCTX-M-18, blaTEM-1) from cat_21 to cat_14, and two ESBL-Kp (ST231 blaCTX-M-27, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-1) from cat_20 to cat_37 were further confirmed by WGS. Furthermore, interdisciplinary investigation and cooperation of AMR are needed to better limit the transmissions of high-risk strains and to implement effective public health interventions.


Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Hospitais Veterinários , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , beta-Lactamases , China/epidemiologia , Animais , beta-Lactamases/genética , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/transmissão , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Gatos , Cães , Humanos , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Filogenia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39158527

RESUMO

In Afghanistan, groundwater is widely used for drinking water, but its quality poses a health threat. This study investigates the physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics of groundwater in the Upper Kabul Sub-basin. Fifteen samples were collected and analyzed from different parts of the study area. The qualitative determination of parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Salinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulfate, Phosphate, Potassium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Aluminum, Arsenic, Total coliform, and Fecal coliform bacteria was carried out. The results were compared with WHO and ANSA standards to assess their suitability for drinking purposes. The analyzed samples indicate that physical parameters generally fall within permissible limits according to WHO and ANSA standards. However, certain wells exhibited elevated levels of chemical and bacteriological contaminants. Specifically, Magnesium concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline of 30 mg/L in all of the samples, and Calcium levels surpassed the recommended limit of 75 mg/L in 53% of the samples. Total coliform bacteria were detected in 33.33% of the samples, while fecal coliform bacteria were within the WHO and ANSA permissible limit for drinking water. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) suggested significant correlations between EC, TDS, and total hardness with other physical and chemical parameters. For instance, EC showed a strong positive correlation (R = 1.00) with TDS, EC and Salinity (R = 0.981), EC and Fluoride (R = 0.838) EC and Sulfate (R = 0.853), TDS and Salinity (R = 0. 981), TDS and Fluoride (R = 0.838), TDS and Sulfate (R = 0.853). The findings demonstrate that correlation coefficient analyses of water quality parameters provide a valuable means for monitoring water quality. These results offer critical insights for ensuring a safe water supply in the region.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Subterrânea , Água Subterrânea/microbiologia , Água Subterrânea/química , Água Subterrânea/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Afeganistão , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Qualidade da Água , Água Potável/microbiologia , Água Potável/análise , Microbiologia da Água , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Salinidade
15.
PLoS Pathog ; 20(8): e1012495, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39178317

RESUMO

There is a critical gap in knowledge about how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, using survival strategies developed for other niches, cause lethal bacteremia. Facultative anaerobic species of the Enterobacterales order are the most common cause of Gram-negative bacteremia, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter hormaechei. Bacteremia often leads to sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from unregulated immune responses to infection. Despite a lack of specialization for this host environment, Gram-negative pathogens cause nearly half of bacteremia cases annually. Based on our existing Tn-Seq fitness factor data from a murine model of bacteremia combined with comparative genomics of the five Enterobacterales species above, we prioritized 18 conserved fitness genes or operons for further characterization. Mutants were constructed for all genes in all five species. Each mutant was used to cochallenge C57BL/6 mice via tail vein injection along with each respective wild-type strain to determine competitive indices for each fitness gene. Five fitness factor genes, when mutated, attenuated mutants in four or five species in the spleen and liver (tatC, ruvA, gmhB, wzxE, arcA). Five additional fitness factor genes or operons were validated as outcompeted by wild-type in three, four, or five bacterial species in the spleen (xerC, prc, apaGH, atpG, aroC). Overall, 17 of 18 fitness factor mutants were attenuated in at least one species in the spleen or liver. Together, these findings allow for the development of a model of bacteremia pathogenesis that may include future targets of therapy against bloodstream infections.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Genoma Bacteriano , Animais , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/imunologia , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/patogenicidade , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Feminino , Modelos Animais de Doenças
16.
J Appl Microbiol ; 135(8)2024 Aug 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39143035

RESUMO

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the presence of beta-lactams resistance genes and the clonal relationship of clinical isolates of Enterobacterales obtained from patients with and without COVID-19, in a hospital in northeastern Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study analyzed 45 carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR), PCR, and amplicon sequencing to detect resistance genes (blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP). The main species were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis. Detected genes included blaNDM (46.66%), blaKPC (35.55%), and both (17.79%). ERIC-PCR showed multiclonal dissemination and high genetic variability. The main resistance gene was blaNDM, including blaNDM-5 and blaNDM-7. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of Enterobacterales carrying blaKPC and blaNDM in this study, particularly K. pneumoniae, in infections and colonizations of patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19, highlights genetic variability and resistance to carbapenems observed in multiple species of this order.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , SARS-CoV-2 , beta-Lactamases , Humanos , COVID-19/microbiologia , Brasil , beta-Lactamases/genética , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Hospitais , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos
17.
Cell Host Microbe ; 32(9): 1469-1487.e9, 2024 Sep 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39197455

RESUMO

Cytotoxic chemotherapies have devastating side effects, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes the death and damage of the epithelium and an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, otherwise known as dysbiosis. Whether dysbiosis is a direct contributor to tissue toxicity is a key area of focus. Here, from both mammalian and bacterial perspectives, we uncover an intestinal epithelial cell death-Enterobacteriaceae signaling axis that fuels dysbiosis. Specifically, our data demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced epithelial cell apoptosis and the purine-containing metabolites released from dying cells drive the inter-kingdom transcriptional re-wiring of the Enterobacteriaceae, including fundamental shifts in bacterial respiration and promotion of purine utilization-dependent expansion, which in turn delays the recovery of the intestinal tract. Inhibition of epithelial cell death or restriction of the Enterobacteriaceae to homeostatic levels reverses dysbiosis and improves intestinal recovery. These findings suggest that supportive therapies that maintain homeostatic levels of Enterobacteriaceae may be useful in resolving intestinal disease.


Assuntos
Disbiose , Enterobacteriaceae , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Mucosa Intestinal , Disbiose/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolismo , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Purinas/metabolismo , Purinas/farmacologia
18.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 812, 2024 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39134953

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infections resulting from multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) pose a growing global threat, presenting challenges in treatment and contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. The main objective of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genetically extended-spectrum ß-lactamase- and carbapenemase- producing Enterobacterales (ESBLE and CPE respectively) isolated from clinical samples in the West Bank, Palestine. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in October 2023 on clinical bacterial isolates collected from five governmental hospitals in the West Bank, Palestine. The isolates obtained from the microbiology laboratories of the participating hospitals, underwent identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the VITEK® 2 Compact system. ESBL production was determined by the Vitek2 Compact system. A modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was employed to identify carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Resistance genes were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Out of the total 1380 collected isolates, we randomly selected 600 isolates for analysis. Our analysis indicated that 287 (47.83%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBLE), and 102 (17%) as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates. A total of 424 isolates (70.67%) were identified as multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDRE). The most prevalent ESBL species were K. pneumoniae (n = 124; 43.2%), E. coli (n = 119; 41.5%) and E. cloacae (n = 31; 10.8%). Among the CRE isolates, 85 (83.33%) were carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). The most frequent CRE species were K. pneumoniae (n = 63; 61.7%), E. coli (n = 25; 24.5%) and E. cloacae (n = 13; 12.8%). Additionally, 47 (7.83%) isolates exhibited resistance to colistin (CT), with 38 (37.62%) being CT-resistant CRE and 9 (3.14%) being CT-resistant ESBLE while sensitive to carbapenems. We noticed that 11 isolates (6 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 5 Enterobacter cloacae complex) demonstrated sensitivity to carbapenems by phenotype but carried silent CPE genes (1 blaOXA48, and 6 blaNDM, 4 blaOXA48, blaNDM). ESBL-producing Enterobacterales strains exhibited varied resistance patterns across different antibiotic classes. E. coli isolates showed notable 48% resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. K. pneumoniae isolates displayed a significant resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin (54%, 90%, and 70% respectively). E. cloacae isolates showed complete resistance to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. P. mirabilis isolates exhibited high resistance against fluoroquinolones (83%), and complete resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. CONCLUSION: This study showed the high burden of the ESBLE and CRE among the samples collected from the participating hospitals. The most common species were K. pneumoniae and E. coli. There was a high prevalence of blaCTXm. Adopting both conventional and molecular techniques is essential for better surveillance of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales infections in Palestine.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , beta-Lactamases , Humanos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/genética , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Idoso , Criança , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Pré-Escolar
19.
BMC Microbiol ; 24(1): 303, 2024 Aug 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39135186

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Food-associated antibiotic-resistant bacteria can cause infections that may critically impact human health. The objectives of this study were to determine the microbial contamination level of green leafy vegetables and their antibiotic resistance pattern. METHODS: Sixty-three samples of leafy vegetables were collected from Dammam Central Fruit and Vegetables Market from January to June 2023. The vegetables included lettuce (Lactuca sativa), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), and watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULT: Eight types of bacteria belonging to six different genera were detected. Enterobacteriaceae family was represented by four genera: Klebsiella, Proteus, Morganella, and Enterobacter. The other two genera were Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Enterobacter cloacae was the most abundant organism, followed by Pseudomonas putida and Aeromonas sobria. On the other hand, Morganella morganii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Proteus mirabilis were the least abundant. The three vegetable types had different levels of bacterial contamination. All isolated organisms were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone. However, Klebsiella oxytoca, M. morganii, and K. pneumonia showed resistance to ampicillin. A. hydrophila, Morganella morganii, and E. cloacae showed resistance to amoxicillin. M. morganii and E. cloacae were found to be resistant to cefalotin. Moreover, A. hydrophila, M. morganii, and E. cloacae were resistant to cefoxitin. Again, A. hydrophila was found to be resistant to imipenem. Only M. morganii was resistant to Ciprofloxacin. Two isolates, P. mirabilis and M. morganii were resistant to tigecycline. Another two, M. morganii and P. mirabilis were resistant to Nitrofurantoin. Only M. morganii was found to be resistant to trimethoprim. CONCLUSION: This study aligns with the broad consensus in the literature about the significance of bacterial contamination in vegetables and the public health implications. The unique focus on antibiotic resistance patterns adds an essential dimension to the existing body of knowledge.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bactérias , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Verduras , Arábia Saudita , Verduras/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Lactuca/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Petroselinum/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/classificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise
20.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 810, 2024 Aug 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39123114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens are associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We evaluated hospital outcomes based on adequacy of overall and newer antibacterial therapy for Enterobacterales (ENT) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) in US patients. METHODS: Hospitalized adults ≥ 18 years old with facility-reported antibiotic susceptibility from 2018-2022 across 161 facilities in the BD Insights Research Database were identified as ENT- or PsA-positive. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the impact of inadequate empiric therapy (IET) and time to initiate newer antibacterials (ceftazidime-avibactam; ceftolozane-tazobactam; cefiderocol; meropenem-vaborbactam; eravacycline; and imipenem-cilcastatin-relebactam) on hospital mortality and post-culture length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Among 229,320 ENT and 36,027 PsA susceptibility results, 1.7% and 16.8% were carbapenem non-susceptible (carb-NS), respectively. Median time to first susceptibility result was longer for carb-NS vs. carb susceptible in ENT (64 h vs. 48 h) and PsA (67 h vs. 60 h). For ENT, IET was associated with significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR],1.29 [95% CI, 1.16-1.43, P < 0.0001]) and longer hospital LOS (14.8 vs. 13.3, P < 0.0001). Delayed start to newer antibacterial therapy was associated with significantly greater hospital mortality for ENT (P = 0.0182) and PsA (P = 0.0249) and significantly longer post-culture LOS for ENT (P < 0.0001) and PsA (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, IET and delayed use of newer antibacterials are associated with significantly worse hospital outcomes. More rapid identification of high-risk patients can facilitate adequate therapy and timely use of newer antibacterials developed for resistant Gram-negative pathogens.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Infecções por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/mortalidade , Adulto , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/mortalidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Hospitalização , Tempo de Internação , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Resultado do Tratamento , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estados Unidos
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