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1.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 1940, 2021 03 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33782411

RESUMO

Metabolic enzymes and metabolites display non-metabolic functions in immune cell signalling that modulate immune attack ability. However, whether and how a tumour's metabolic remodelling contributes to its immune resistance remain to be clarified. Here we perform a functional screen of metabolic genes that rescue tumour cells from effector T cell cytotoxicity, and identify the embryo- and tumour-specific folate cycle enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2). Mechanistically, MTHFD2 promotes basal and IFN-γ-stimulated PD-L1 expression, which is necessary for tumourigenesis in vivo. Moreover, IFN-γ stimulates MTHFD2 through the AKT-mTORC1 pathway. Meanwhile, MTHFD2 drives the folate cycle to sustain sufficient uridine-related metabolites including UDP-GlcNAc, which promotes the global O-GlcNAcylation of proteins including cMYC, resulting in increased cMYC stability and PD-L1 transcription. Consistently, the O-GlcNAcylation level positively correlates with MTHFD2 and PD-L1 in pancreatic cancer patients. These findings uncover a non-metabolic role for MTHFD2 in cell signalling and cancer biology.


Assuntos
Aminoidrolases/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Carcinogênese/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Desidrogenase (NADP)/genética , Enzimas Multifuncionais/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Aminoidrolases/antagonistas & inibidores , Aminoidrolases/imunologia , Animais , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Carcinogênese/imunologia , Carcinogênese/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Embrião de Mamíferos , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Fibroblastos/patologia , Ácido Fólico/imunologia , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/genética , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/imunologia , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Desidrogenase (NADP)/antagonistas & inibidores , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Desidrogenase (NADP)/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Nus , Enzimas Multifuncionais/antagonistas & inibidores , Enzimas Multifuncionais/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Cultura Primária de Células , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/imunologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/patologia , Carga Tumoral , Evasão Tumoral , Uridina Difosfato N-Acetilglicosamina/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
2.
Front Immunol ; 11: 575572, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33117375

RESUMO

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe and chronic liver disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Research into the pathogenesis of AIH remains limited largely owing to the lack of suitable mouse models. The concanavalin A (ConA) mouse model is a typical and well-established model used to investigate T cell-dependent liver injury. However, ConA-induced hepatitis is acute and usually disappears after 48 h; thus, it does not mimic the pathogenesis of AIH in the human body. Several studies have explored various AIH mouse models, but as yet there is no widely accepted and valid mouse model for AIH. Immunosuppression is the standard clinical therapy for AIH, but patient side effects and recurrence limit its use. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for AIH therapy. However, the role of Tregs in AIH has not yet been clarified, partly because of difficulties in diagnosing AIH and in collecting patient samples. In this review, we discuss the studies related to Treg in various AIH mouse models and patients with AIH and provide some novel insights for this research area.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/imunologia , Hepatite Autoimune/imunologia , Fígado/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva , Amônia-Liases/imunologia , Animais , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/terapia , Concanavalina A , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutamato Formimidoiltransferase/imunologia , Hepatite Autoimune/etiologia , Hepatite Autoimune/metabolismo , Hepatite Autoimune/terapia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Enzimas Multifuncionais/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/transplante
3.
Cell ; 177(2): 384-398.e11, 2019 04 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30853218

RESUMO

The signaling organelles of the innate immune system consist of oligomeric protein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). Examples of SMOCs include myddosomes and inflammasomes, which respectively induce transcription-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses. The common use of oligomeric structures as signaling platforms suggests multifunctionality, but each SMOC has a singular biochemically defined function. Here, we report that the myddosome is a multifunctional organizing center. In addition to promoting inflammatory transcription factor activation, the myddosome drives the rapid induction of glycolysis. We identify the kinase TBK1 as a myddosome component that promotes glycolysis, but not nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Synthetic immunology approaches further diversified SMOC activities, as we created interferon- or necroptosis-inducing myddosomes, inflammasomes that induce interferon responses instead of pyroptosis, and a SMOC-like nanomachine that induces interferon expression in response to a chemical ligand. These discoveries demonstrate the flexibility of immune signaling organelles, which permits the design of user-defined innate immune responses.


Assuntos
Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Animais , Glicólise/imunologia , Inflamassomos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Enzimas Multifuncionais/imunologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Organelas/fisiologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like
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