Traducción y validación al español de la Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) para la valoración del equilibrio y del control postural en pacientes postictus / Spanish translation and validation of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) to assess balance and postural control in adult post-stroke patients

Introducción. En los últimos años, la Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) se ha convertido en la escala más utilizada para valorar el equilibrio y el control postural en pacientes adultos que han sufrido un ictus, especialmente en la fase aguda y subaguda. Objetivo. Traducir y validar la PASS para la población española como instrumento de valoración del equilibrio y el control postural en pacientes adultos postictus. Pacientes y métodos. Se tradujo al español la versión original francesa de la PASS; dicha versión fue consensuada por un equipo de expertos. Posteriormente se hizo una retrotraducción al francés y se envió al autor de la escala, el cual aprobó dicha versión. Seguidamente se evaluó la fiabilidad intra e interobservador; para ello se llevaron a cabo cuatro mediciones a 60 pacientes postictus, a partir de una videograbación. Dos de estas mediciones fueron realizadas por el mismo observador, y la tercera y cuarta, por un segundo y tercer observadores. Resultados. Los valores obtenidos referidos a la puntuación total de la escala reflejan un índice de fiabilidad del 0,999; también muestran una fiabilidad superior a 0,90 en cada uno de los ítems, tanto en las comparaciones intraobservador como interobservador, y una consistencia interna del 0,94. Conclusión. La versión española de la PASS es válida y fiable para valorar el equilibrio y el control postural en pacientes adultos postictus (AU)

Introduction. In the last years the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) has become in the most common utility to assess balance and postural control in adult patients who have suffered a stroke, especially in the acute and subacute phase. Aim. To translate the PASS into Spanish and to validate it as an instrument to evaluate balance and postural control in adult stroke patients in Spain. Patients and methods. The French version was translated into Spanish, this version was agreed by a team of experts. Later a back-translation was made into French and was sent to original author, who approved this version. To assess the interrater and intrarater reliability were performed four measurements on 60 post-stroke patients which was recorded a videotape. Two of these measurements were performed by the same rater, and the third and fourth by a second and third rater. Results. The values refer to the total score of the scale and reflect a reliability of 0.999. They also show a reliability greater than 0.90 in each of the items in both intrarater and interrater comparisons as an internal consistency of 0.94. Conclusi (AU)

Combined exercise training reduces IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder in which lymphocytic infiltration mediated mainly by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we examined the effect of combined exercise training on the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with multiple sclerosis. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), VO(2)max, muscle strength, and balance tests were obtained at baseline and post-treatment follow-up. Combined exercises training was designed for 24 sessions during 8 weeks. Each session was started with 5 min warm-up and was followed by 10 min stretch training, 20 min aerobic exercises and 20 min resistance-endurance training. The disability score was significantly decreased in test MS subjects after 8 weeks combined exercise training. Muscle strength and balance were increased significantly after the training program in test group. In this study, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-17 and IFN-γ production was significantly decreased after 8 weeks combined training. Our findings suggest that combined training has useful anti-inflammatory effects by decrease in PBMC and plasma IL-17 production.