A Retrospective Study of Ectopic Eruption in 35 Dogs.

Ectopic eruption results from a disturbance in tooth development and eruption, leading to an erupted or non-erupted tooth being in an unexpected anatomical location. This retrospective case series describes the location, position, form, and clinical signs associated with ectopic eruption in dogs. Thirty-five dogs (46 teeth) were diagnosed with ectopic eruption at three clinical practices during 2017-2020. The cases were described in terms of the location, the development and eruption status, the clinical signs, the consequences, and the treatment performed. The collected data were statistically analyzed to establish possible ramifications. The results showed that the ectopic eruption in the evaluated cases involved permanent teeth, mainly located in the maxilla, and mostly unerupted. Those located in the mandible were significantly more impacted than those located in the maxilla. This study concluded that tooth crowding and malocclusion (39.1%), facial swelling (8.6%), and periodontal disease (8.6%) were associated with the presence of ectopic eruption, and consequently, treatment was required in the majority (65.2%) of cases.

Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor from Atapuerca-Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain).

OBJECTIVES: Here we describe the case of an ectopic maxillary third molar (M3 ), preventing the eruption of the M2 , in the individual H3 of the hominin hypodigm of level TD6.2 of the Early Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fossil remains from the TD6.2 level of the Gran Dolina site (about 170 specimens) are assigned to Homo antecessor. Different geochronological methods place these hominins in the oxygen isotopic stage 21, between 0.8 and 0.85 million years ago (Ma). The immature individual H3 is represented by an almost complete midface (ATD6-69), preserving various teeth in situ. We used high-resolution microtomograhy (mCT) to investigate the abnormal position of the left M3 , virtually reconstruct M2 , and M3 as well as assessing the development stage of these. Finally, we compare this case with extinct and extant populations. RESULTS: Based on the identified signs, we suggest that individual H3 suffered from a unilateral impaction of the M2 as a result of the ectopic position of the developing M3 . DISCUSSION: We conclude that the most likely etiology for the ectopic position of the M3 is the lack of space in the maxilla. We discuss possible contributing factors, such as morphometric aspects of the maxilla and the early mineralization of the M3 , to support the M2 impaction. Finally, due to the early age at death of this individual we did not identify any secondary lesion associated with the M2 impaction.

Transposition of Mandibular Molars in a Dog.

Tooth transposition is a rare anomaly resulting in the interchanged position of 2 permanent teeth. Etiology of tooth transposition is unclear. In human dentistry, multiple influences are described, and there is strong evidence of a genetic basis. This is the first reported case of tooth transposition in a dog.

Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth.

Mesioverted maxillary canine teeth in combination with linguoverted mandibular canine teeth are a common ramification of persistent deciduous maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. Without the physical presence of the mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary third incisor and canine teeth diastemata are frequently narrowed. The creation of normal occlusion requires treatment of all 4 canine teeth; the mandibular canine teeth must be tipped labially and the maxillary canine teeth must be tipped and/or partially translated distally. This case report discusses the novel integration of 2 well-described orthodontic techniques to simultaneously treat both mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth, achieving a comfortable, functional occlusion.

Dacryocystitis following a nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by an ectopic intranasal tooth in a dog.

PURPOSE: To describe a nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction secondary to an ectopic tooth in a 5-year-old male Border collie. The dog was presented with a 1-month history of mucopurulent discharge from the left eye (OS) preceded by a lifelong history of epiphora OS. Treatment with neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone ophthalmic solution had not improved the clinical signs, and the NLD was not patent when irrigated by the referring veterinarian. METHODS: A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed followed by dacryocystorhinography and computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: The ophthalmologic examination revealed marked mucopurulent discharge, mild conjunctivitis, slightly elevated STT measurements, and a negative Jones test OS. Both nasolacrimal puncta OS could be cannulated without resistance for approximately 1.5 cm. Upon irrigation, copious amounts of mucopurulent discharge were exited through the corresponding punctum, while no fluid could be detected at the nares. Dacryocystorhinography was performed. Radiographs revealed an ectopic left canine tooth within the left nasal cavity. A cystic dilation of the NLD was observed proximal to the ectopic tooth. Computed tomography was performed to determine the exact position of the tooth and possible involvement of adjacent structures; CT confirmed the previous imaging findings. Treatment with systemic antibiotics, NSAIDs, and ofloxacin ophthalmic solution led to resolution of the clinical signs within several days. Surgery was declined by the owner. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report describing a blocked NLD due to an ectopic tooth in a dog. Ectopic teeth should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of dacryocystitis and chronic epiphora in dogs.

Endoscopic removal of a molariform supernumerary intranasal tooth (heterotopic polyodontia) in a horse.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of abnormal upper respiratory tract sounds (that had become apparent during race training) of 3 to 4 months' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On initial physical evaluation, there were no abnormal findings. During trotting, an abnormal upper airway expiratory sound was audible. Endoscopic examination revealed a small mass protruding into the right ventral nasal meatus. Radiographic images of the skull revealed no abnormal findings. Computed tomography of the head revealed an abnormal structure in the same location as the mass that was observed during endoscopy. The x-ray attenuation of the mass was identical to that of dental tissue. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The mass was surgically removed with endoscopic guidance. On gross examination, the excised mass appeared to be a nearly normal molariform tooth. Histologic examination revealed that it was a well-formed tooth, with no other associated cellular populations. The mass was determined to be a molariform supernumerary intranasal tooth. Six months following discharge from the hospital, the trainer reported that the abnormal respiratory tract sound was no longer audible. During a follow-up endoscopic examination performed at the training facility, no abnormalities were detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, an intranasal tooth should be considered as a differential diagnosis for expiratory stridor. Clear definitions of heterotopic polyodontia, dentigerous cyst, and temporal teratoma can be used to clinically diagnose these separate anomalies. In the horse of this report, computed tomographic findings contributed to determination of a diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan.

Dental sepsis.

Dental sepsis or periapical abscess formation constitutes a large percentage of dental conditions that afflict horses. Dental sepsis occurs when the pulp chamber of the tooth is exposed to the oral cavity or external environment, allowing bacterial localization with resulting infection. Although acute, primary, septic pulpitis in horses is rare, dental sepsis often results from colonization of the pulp chamber with pathogenic bacteria secondary to maleruption or impaction of teeth with secondary alveolar bone lysis, primary fractures of the tooth, mandible, or maxilla, periodontal disease, or infundibular necrosis. The sequela to pulpal infection are extensions into the periradicular tissues and mandibular or maxillary periapical abscess formation.

Heterotopic polyodontia in a cynomolgus monkey.

A case of heterotopic polyodontia was detected in a 6-year-old male laboratory cynomolgus monkey. A heterotopic tooth had erupted through the right maxillofacial area at the side of the nose, with a crustated surface. Macroscopically, the tooth was not connected with the right parotid. Radiography and histopathology of the transverse section of the lesion showed almost normal propriodentium containing alveolar bone and partial continuity with the maxillary bone. We believe this is the first case description of heterotopic polyodontia in a monkey.

Lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth: orthodontic treatment alternatives in the dog.

Lingual displacements of mandibular canine teeth often occur following retention of deciduous canine teeth. This condition often results in trauma of occlusion to the lingual aspect of the maxillary canine tooth and the further development of a periodontal pocket or an oronasal fistula. This condition can be corrected using orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and illustrate the various alternatives available for correction of this common malocclusion in dogs.