Frequency of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) in domestic cats from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

Feline herpesvirus type 1 (HVF-1) is the infectious agent of feline viral rhinotracheitis. The main clinical signs are cough, nasal and eye discharge, fever, conjunctivitis and sneezing. Although the occurrence of the virus is known in some regions of Brazil, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), there is no epidemiological information about its frequency. Thus, this study aimed to determine the frequency of feline herpesvirus type 1 in the region, and to evaluate its possible association with clinical and epidemiological factors. Ocular, nasal and oropharyngeal swabs, and blood were collected from 152 animals and analyzed through PCR and sequencing. In addition, epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through clinical examination and anamnesis. FHV-1 was detected in samples from 84 (55.26%) animals. There was no association between infection and age or sex. However, there was a significant association between infection and nasal (p < 0.0001) and ocular (p = 0.014) discharge and sneezing (p = 0.001). The results demonstrate the occurrence of the virus in domestic cats in the region with a high frequency of infection. Thus, FHV-1 should be considered as a potential causal agent of upper respiratory tract disease in domestic cats from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

Assessing hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Guatemalan primary school students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is an important practice that prevents transmission of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. However, in resource-limited areas, where water and soap are not always available, it can be difficult to practice HH correctly and at appropriate moments. The purpose of this study was to assess HH knowledge and behaviors among students from six elementary schools in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala to identify gaps that could later inform interventions to improve HH. METHODS: We conducted knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) surveys among primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022. We also observed students' HH practices at three different moments during the day, making note of the use of the HH station and materials, duration of handwashing, presence of a HH assistant, and the students' sex. We also used the Quantitative Personal Hygiene Assessment Tool (qPHAT), to measure hand dirtiness before eating, after restroom use, and upon arriving to school. RESULTS: We surveyed 109 students across six schools. Mean scores were 4 out of 5 for knowledge, 8 out of 8 for attitudes, and 6 out of 7 for HH practices. Most students identified "before eating" as a critical moment for HH (68.8%), fewer identified "after restroom use" (31.2%), and no students mentioned HH being necessary "after coughing or sneezing". We observed 326 HH opportunities of which 51.2% performed correct HH (used water and soap for at least 20 s or used alcohol-based hand rub, where materials were available). We collected 82 qPHAT hand swabs. A Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant difference in hand dirtiness between entering the school and after restroom use (p = 0.017), but no significant difference before eating and after entering the school (p = 0.6988). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the KAP survey show high scores, however correct identification of key moments for HH was relatively uncommon, especially after restroom use and after coughing or sneezing. Additionally, half of HH opportunities observed had correct HH practices and on average, hands were dirtiest when arriving at school. These findings will inform interventions to improve HH practices and behaviors, which will be evaluated with follow-up data collection.

Cerebellar infarction after sneezing.

Vertebral Artery Dissection (VAD) is a rare condition that can be caused by a wide amplitude of neck movement, which injures the vessel wall and can cause ischemia in the cerebellum. We present a 37-year-old man with herniated lumbar disc and allergic rhinosinusitis, which caused sneezing spells. After one of these bouts with a ricochet of the head, he presented C3 misalignment with local pain. Twenty-one days later, affected by a new crisis, he presented left temporal headache, nystagmus, and vertigo. After 3 days, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) identified 2 regions of cerebellar ischemia and filling failure of the right vertebral artery. After 2 days, Computed Angiotomography (CT Angiography) was performed and showed right VAD with a local thrombus, without aneurysmal signs. Transcranial Doppler did not indicate an increase in blood flow from this artery. The suggested treatment involved administration of anticoagulant Apixabana 5mg, 12/12h, for 3 months, until the condition was reevaluated with new Angio CT and MRI. It was recommended that the patient was released from work for 1 month and forbidden from doing intense physical exercises for 3 months; however, due to setbacks, these deadlines were extended until a new appointment, 4 months after the first visit. The new tests showed no changes, indicating that the condition was stable. This case aims to indicate the possible investigations of the diagnosis and therapeutic options of the rare association between VAD with cerebellar infarction in a well-documented case.

Cerebellar infarction after sneezing

SUMMARY Vertebral Artery Dissection (VAD) is a rare condition that can be caused by a wide amplitude of neck movement, which injures the vessel wall and can cause ischemia in the cerebellum. We present a 37-year-old man with herniated lumbar disc and allergic rhinosinusitis, which caused sneezing spells. After one of these bouts with a ricochet of the head, he presented C3 misalignment with local pain. Twenty-one days later, affected by a new crisis, he presented left temporal headache, nystagmus, and vertigo. After 3 days, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) identified 2 regions of cerebellar ischemia and filling failure of the right vertebral artery. After 2 days, Computed Angiotomography (CT Angiography) was performed and showed right VAD with a local thrombus, without aneurysmal signs. Transcranial Doppler did not indicate an increase in blood flow from this artery. The suggested treatment involved administration of anticoagulant Apixabana 5mg, 12/12h, for 3 months, until the condition was reevaluated with new Angio CT and MRI. It was recommended that the patient was released from work for 1 month and forbidden from doing intense physical exercises for 3 months; however, due to setbacks, these deadlines were extended until a new appointment, 4 months after the first visit. The new tests showed no changes, indicating that the condition was stable. This case aims to indicate the possible investigations of the diagnosis and therapeutic options of the rare association between VAD with cerebellar infarction in a well-documented case.

RESUMO A Dissecção da Artéria Vertebral (DAV) é quadro raro que pode ser causado por movimentação de grande amplitude do pescoço, que lesiona a parede desse vaso, podendo provocar isquemia no cerebelo. Apresentamos um homem de 37 anos, com hérnia de disco e rinossinusite alérgica que lhe causava crises de espirros em salva (CE). Após uma dessas crises com ricocheteamento da cabeça, apresentou desalinhamento de C3 com dor local. Vinte e um dias depois, acometido por nova crise, apresentou cefaleia temporal esquerda, nistagmo e vertigem. Decorridos 3 dias, o paciente foi submetido a Ressoânncia Magnética (RM), que identificou 2 regiões de isquemia cerebelar e enchimento comprometido da artéria vertebral direita. Após 2 dias, foram feitos Angiotomografia Computadorizada (Angio TC), que constatou DAV direita com trombo local, sem sinais aneurismáticos, e Doppler Transcraniano, que não indicou aumento do fluxo sanguíneo dessa artéria. O tratamento sugerido envolvia administração de anticoagulante Apixabana 5mg, 12/12h, por 3 meses, até que o quadro fosse reavaliado com novas Angio TC e RM. Foi recomendado que o paciente ficasse afastado do trabalho por 1 mês e de exercícios físicos intensos por 3 meses, porém devido a contratempos, esses prazos foram prorrogados até nova consulta, 4 meses após a primeira. Os novos exames não apresentaram alterações, indicando que o quadro estava estável. Esse caso tem como objetivo indicar as possíveis investigações do diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas da rara associação entre DAV com infarto cerebelar em caso bem documentado.

Warifteine and methylwarifteine inhibited the type 2 immune response on combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) experimental model through NF-кB pathway.

CARAS is an airway inflammation of allergic individuals, with a type 2 immune response. The pharmacotherapy is based on drugs with relevant side effects. Thus, the goal of this study evaluated the alkaloids warifteine (War) and methylwarifteine (Mwar) from Cissampelos sympodialis in CARAS experimental model. Therefore, BALB/c mice were ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged and treated with both alkaloids. Treated animals showed a decrease (p < 0.05) of allergic signs as sneezing and nasal rubbings, histamine nasal hyperreactivity, and inflammatory cell migration into the nasal (NALF) and the bronchoalveolar (BALF) fluids, main eosinophils. In the systemic context, only Mwar reduced eosinophilia, however, both alkaloids reduced the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE. Histological analysis revealed that the alkaloids decreased the inflammatory cells into the subepithelial and perivascular regions of nasal tissue and the peribronchiolar and perivascular regions of lung tissue. Hyperplasia/hypertrophy of nasal and lung goblet cells were reduced in alkaloid treated animals; however, the treatment did not change the number of mast cells. The lung hyperactivity was attenuated by reducing hyperplasia of fibroblast and collagen fiber deposition and hypertrophy of the lung smooth muscle layer. The immunomodulatory effect was by decreasing of type 2 and 3 cytokines (IL-4/IL-13/IL-5 and IL-17A) dependent by the increasing of type 1 cytokine (IFN-γ) into the BALF of treated sick animals. Indeed, both alkaloids reduced the NF-кB (p65) activation on granulocytes and lymphocytes, indicating that the alkaloids shut down the intracellular transduction signals underlie the transcription of TH2 cytokine gens.

Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels / Tratamento individualizado para a rinite alérgica baseado nas principais manifestações clínicas nasais e dos níveis de histamina e leucotrieno D4

Abstract Introduction The types of allergic rhinitis are roughly classified based on the causative antigens, disease types, predilection time, and symptom severity. Objective To examine the clinical typing and individualized treatment approach for allergic rhinitis and to determine the optimal treatment method for this disease using various drug combination therapies. Methods A total of 108 participants with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups based on symptoms. Subsequently, each group was further categorized into four subgroups based on the medications received. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated using the visual analog scale VAS scores of the total and individual nasal symptoms, decline index of the symptom score, histamine and leukotriene levels, and mRNA and protein expression levels of histamine 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptors. Results Loratadine + mometasone furoate and loratadine + mometasone furoate + montelukast significantly improved the sneezing symptom and reduced the histamine levels compared with the other combination therapies (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, montelukast + mometasone furoate and montelukast + mometasone furoate + loratadine considerably improved the nasal obstruction symptom and decreased the leukotriene D4 levels compared with the other combination therapies (p < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical symptom evaluation combined with experimental detection of histamine and leukotriene levels can be an objective and accurate method to clinically classify the allergic rhinitis types. Furthermore, individualized treatment based on allergic rhinitis classification can result in a good treatment efficacy.

Resumo Introdução A rinite alérgica é basicamente classificada de acordo com os antígenos causadores, tipos de doença, peridiocidade e gravidade dos sintomas. Objetivo Avaliar os tipos clínicos e a abordagem terapêutica individualizada para cada tipo de rinite alérgica e determinar o método de tratamento ideal utilizando várias terapias de combinação de fármacos. Método Um total de 108 participantes com rinite alérgica foram divididos em três grupos com base nos sintomas. Posteriormente, cada grupo foi subsequentemente categorizado em quatro subgrupos com base nos medicamentos recebidos. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi avaliada utilizando os escores da escala visual analógica EVA dos sintomas nasais totais e individualmente, índice de declínio do escore de sintomas, níveis de histamina e leucotrienos e níveis de expressão de mRNA e proteína dos receptores de histamina 1 e cisteinil-leucotrieno 1. Resultados As associações entre loratadina + furoato de mometasona, assim como a de loratadina + furoato de mometasona + montelucaste melhoraram significativamente o sintoma de espirros e reduziram os níveis de histamina em comparação às outras terapias combinadas (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a associação montelucaste + furoato de mometasona, assim como a associação montelucaste + furoato de mometasone + loratadina melhoraram consideravelmente o sintoma de obstrução nasal e diminuíram os níveis de leucotrieno D4 em comparação com as outras combinações (p < 0,05). Conclusão A avaliação clínica dos sintomas combinada com a detecção experimental dos níveis de histamina e leucotrieno pode ser um método objetivo e preciso para classificar clinicamente os tipos de rinite alérgica. Além disso, o tratamento individualizado baseado na classificação da rinite alérgica pode resultar no aumento da eficácia do tratamento.

Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels.

INTRODUCTION: The types of allergic rhinitis are roughly classified based on the causative antigens, disease types, predilection time, and symptom severity. OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical typing and individualized treatment approach for allergic rhinitis and to determine the optimal treatment method for this disease using various drug combination therapies. METHODS: A total of 108 participants with allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups based on symptoms. Subsequently, each group was further categorized into four subgroups based on the medications received. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated using the visual analog scale VAS scores of the total and individual nasal symptoms, decline index of the symptom score, histamine and leukotriene levels, and mRNA and protein expression levels of histamine 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptors. RESULTS: Loratadine+mometasone furoate and loratadine+mometasone furoate+montelukast significantly improved the sneezing symptom and reduced the histamine levels compared with the other combination therapies (p<0.05). Meanwhile, montelukast+mometasone furoate and montelukast+mometasone furoate+loratadine considerably improved the nasal obstruction symptom and decreased the leukotriene D4 levels compared with the other combination therapies (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical symptom evaluation combined with experimental detection of histamine and leukotriene levels can be an objective and accurate method to clinically classify the allergic rhinitis types. Furthermore, individualized treatment based on allergic rhinitis classification can result in a good treatment efficacy.

Signs and symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke in the nursing team / Signos y síntomas relacionados con la inhalación del humo quirúrgico en el equipo de enfermería / Sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica na equipe de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the prevalence of signs and symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke among surgical technologists and non-surgical technologists nursing professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study with 46 professionals from a university hospital. To evaluate the prevalence, an instrument with signs/symptoms related to the inhalation of electrocautery smoke was used. To verify the comparison between the prevalence of signs/symptoms, the Fisher's exact test was performed. Results: Higher prevalence of all signs/symptoms among surgical technologists, with a statistically significant difference between the act of instrumenting with the presence of at least one signs/symptoms related to inhalation of surgical smoke (p=0.01); eye irritation (p=0.02); irritation of nasal mucosa and oral cavity (p=0.03); headache (p=0.04). Conclusion: The presence of problems related to surgical smoke in nursing workers elicits more attention. Implications for practice: Health units must be aware of the risk of such exposure and take measures to preventing it.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de signos y síntomas relacionados a la inhalación del humo quirúrgico entre trabajadores de enfermería instrumentadores y no-instrumentadores. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 46 trabajadores en un hospital universitario. Para evaluación de la prevalencia, se utilizó un instrumento con signos/síntomas relacionados con la inhalación del humo del electrocauterio. Para la comparación entre prevalencia de signos/síntomas, fue realizada la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Mayor prevalencia de todos los signos/síntomas entre instrumentadores, con diferencia estadísticamente significante entre el acto de instrumentar con la presencia de por lo menos un signo/síntomas relacionado con la inhalación del humo quirúrgico (p=0,01); irritación en los ojos (p = 0,02); de mucosa nasal y cavidad oral (p=0,03); cefalea (p=0,04). Conclusión: La presencia de problemas relacionados al humo quirúrgico en instrumentadores suscita mayor cuidado. Implicaciones para la práctica: Unidades de salud deben considerar los riesgos de esta exposición y adoptar medidas de prevención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica entre trabalhadores de enfermagem instrumentadores e não-instrumentadores. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 46 trabalhadores em um hospital universitário. Para avaliação da prevalência, foi utilizado um instrumento com sinais e sintomas relacionados à inalação da fumaça do eletrocautério. Para a comparação entre a prevalência dos sinais/sintomas, realizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Maior prevalência de todos os sinais/sintomas entre profissionais que instrumentam, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre o ato de instrumentar com a presença de pelo menos um sinal/sintoma relacionado à inalação da fumaça cirúrgica (p=0,01); irritação nos olhos (p=0,02); da mucosa nasal e cavidade oral (p=0,03); cefaleia (p=0,04). Conclusão: A presença de problemas relacionados à fumaça cirúrgica em instrumentadores suscita maior atenção. Implicações para a prática: As unidades de saúde devem tomar ciência do risco dessa exposição e adotar medidas de prevenção a este risco.

Provocation test with 5% glycerol has fast and fleeting effects on the nasal mucosa / Teste de provocação com glicerol 5%: efeito rápido e fugaz na mucosa nasal

The effects observed with nasal provocation testing using 5% glycerol were associated only with irritation/burning sensation within the first few minutes, reducing spontaneously and disappearing quickly. The use of 5% glycerol was found to have no influence on the prevalence of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing and nasal/ocular itching obtained through summing symptoms, as evaluated in different nasal provocation tests, after 15-20 minutes. Overall, dilution with 5% glycerol did not change the final score for symptoms during nasal provocation testing.

Os efeitos observados com glicerol a 5% na provocação nasal foram associados unicamente a irritação e sensação de prurido nos primeiros minutos, cedendo espontaneamente e desaparecendo rapidamente. O uso de glicerol a 5% não influenciou a prevalência de obstrução nasal, rinorreia, espirros e prurido nasal e ocular obtidos na soma dos sintomas, quando avaliado em diferentes testes de provocação nasal específica, após 15-20 minutos. Tomada em conjunto, essa diluição com glicerol a 5% não altera a pontuação final dos sintomas durante a provocação nasal.

Effect of a Pheromone on Stress-Associated Reactivation of Feline Herpesvirus-1 in Experimentally Inoculated Kittens.

BACKGROUND: Stress contributes to reactivation of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). The usage of pheromones to decrease stress in FHV-1 experimentally inoculated kittens has not previously been investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a feline pheromone would lessen stress, resulting in decreased recurrence of FHV-1-associated illness in kittens. ANIMALS: Twelve 5-month-old, purpose-bred kittens. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Kittens previously infected with the same dose of FHV-1 were randomized into 2 separate but identical group rooms. After a 2-week equilibration period, a diffuser containing either the pheromone or placebo was placed in each of the rooms, and the kittens acclimated for an additional 2 weeks. Every 2 weeks thereafter, for the 8-week study period, housing was alternated between kennel- and group housing. Blinded observers applied a standardized clinical and behavioral scoring rubric daily. After each 2-week period, serum cortisol concentrations and quantitative PCR for FHV-1 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) ratios were evaluated. Clinical, behavioral, and laboratory test results were compared between groups within individual and combined study periods. RESULTS: Sneezing occurred more frequently in the placebo group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P = 0.001). Sleep at the end of observation periods occurred more frequently in the pheromone group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The findings suggest that the pheromone decreased stress, and the decrease in stress response may have resulted in decreased sneezing associated with FHV-1.

Presentación inusual de fracturas laríngeas: reporte de dos casos de fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas / Unusual presentation of laryngeal fractures: report of two cases of non-traumatic laryngeal fractures

Las fracturas laríngeas se producen principalmente en el contexto de traumas cervicales, ahorcamiento o estrangulamiento. Las fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas son excepcionales, existiendo escasos reportes en la literatura. A continuación, presentamos dos casos de fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas evaluadas en nuestro servicio.

Laryngeal fractures occur mainly in the context of cervical trauma, hanging or strangulation. Nontraumatic laryngeal fractures are rare and there are fewreports in the literature. We present two cases of nontraumatic laryngeal fractures evaluated in our service.

Occupational exposure and respiratory health problems among nutmeg production workers in Grenada, the Caribbean.

BACKGROUND: The nutmeg industry is a major contributor to the Grenadian economy. However, workers in the industry face many environmental and occupational health risks. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate respiratory health problems and possible related occupational exposures among nutmeg production workers. METHODS: A questionnaire, spirometry and allergen skin-prick test was given to 92 nutmeg workers. Samples for measurement of airborne dust, mold, and phosphine were also collected from work environments. RESULTS: Approximately half of the workers with lower respiratory symptoms such as dry cough (49.4%) and shortness of breath (42.9%) reported that their symptoms were work related. Spirometry results showed that 18.8% of workers had obstruction. Area geometric mean (GM) inhalable dust concentrations, GM personal concentrations, and total mold spores during work activities were found to be high. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of respiratory symptoms among workers in this facility was consistent with measured levels of dust and mold, and was widespread over all work areas.

Craniofacial changes and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in healthy children.

INTRODUCTION: The main cause of mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is associated with upper airway narrowing to varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of morphological and functional craniofacial changes and the main clinical symptoms of SDB in healthy children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A sample comprising 687 healthy schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years old and attending public schools, was assessed by medical history, clinical medical and dental examination, and respiratory tests. The self-perceived quality of life of mouth breathing children was obtained by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 520 children were nose breathers (NB) while 167 (24.3%) were mouth breathers (MB); 32.5% had severe hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, 18% had a Mallampati score of III or IV, 26.1% had excessive overjet and 17.7% had anterior open bite malocclusion. Among the MB, 53.9% had atresic palate, 35.9% had lip incompetence, 33.5% reported sleepiness during the day, 32.2% often sneezed, 32.2% had a stuffy nose, 19.6% snored, and 9.4% reported having the feeling to stop breathing while asleep. However, the self-perception of their quality of life was considered good. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of facial changes as well as signs and symptoms of mouth breathing were found among health children, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of SDB.

Craniofacial changes and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in healthy children

INTRODUCTION: The main cause of mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is associated with upper airway narrowing to varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of morphological and functional craniofacial changes and the main clinical symptoms of SDB in healthy children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A sample comprising 687 healthy schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years old and attending public schools, was assessed by medical history, clinical medical and dental examination, and respiratory tests. The self-perceived quality of life of mouth breathing children was obtained by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 520 children were nose breathers (NB) while 167 (24.3%) were mouth breathers (MB); 32.5% had severe hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, 18% had a Mallampati score of III or IV, 26.1% had excessive overjet and 17.7% had anterior open bite malocclusion. Among the MB, 53.9% had atresic palate, 35.9% had lip incompetence, 33.5% reported sleepiness during the day, 32.2% often sneezed, 32.2% had a stuffy nose, 19.6% snored, and 9.4% reported having the feeling to stop breathing while asleep. However, the self-perception of their quality of life was considered good. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of facial changes as well as signs and symptoms of mouth breathing were found among health children, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of SDB. .

INTRODUÇÃO: a principal causa da respiração bucal e dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono (DRS) está associada ao estreitamento das vias aéreas superiores, em diferentes graus. OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência de alterações morfológicas e funcionais da face e os principais sintomas clínicos de DRS em crianças saudáveis. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, observacional, com amostra de 687 escolares saudáveis, provenientes de escolas públicas, com idades entre 7 e 12 anos. Foram avaliados pela história clínica, exame clínico médico e odontológico e testes respiratórios. A autopercepção da qualidade de vida dos escolares com respiração bucal foi obtida por meio de um questionário validado. RESULTADOS: na amostra total, 520 crianças eram respiradoras nasais (RN) e 167 (24,3%) eram respiradoras bucais (RB); 32,5% tinham hipertrofia das amígdalas palatinas, 18% tinham índice Mallampati obstrutivo (III e IV); 26,1% tinham overjet exagerado e 17,7%, mordida aberta anterior. Entre os RB, 53,9% tinham palato atrésico; 35,9% com ausência de selamento labial; 33,5% relataram sonolência diurna; 32,2%, espirros frequentes; 32,2%, nariz entupido; 19,6% roncavam e 9,4% relataram ter a sensação de parar de respirar durante o sono. Entretanto, a autopercepção da qualidade de vida desses escolares foi considerada boa. CONCLUSÃO: foi encontrada alta prevalência de alterações faciais, de sinais e de sintomas clínicos de respiração bucal nos escolares saudáveis examinados, necessitando diagnóstico e tratamento para reduzir o risco de DRS. .

Rinosporidiose nasal canina: relato de caso no Brasil / Canine nasal rhinosporidiosis: case report in Brazil

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o primeiro relato de rinosporidiose canina no Brasil, discutindo suas principais características clínicas, etiológicas, patogênicas e seu diagnóstico. Um cão macho, sem raça definida, com histórico de massa nasal de crescimento lento há cinco meses, com sangramento nasal esporádico, foi encaminhado ao setor de cirurgia e realizada biópsia com posterior exame histopatológico. O resultado demonstrou a presença de estruturas encapsuladas compatíveis com esporângios de Rhinosporidium seeberi. O proprietário optou por não realizar o tratamento cirúrgico ou farmacológico, assim como não retornou para as revisões. Até o presente momento, este é o único caso de rinosporidiose canina obervado no país. Os achados clínicos foram comuns aos demais casos mundiais da doença. A coloração com Hematoxilina-Eosina foi simples e conclusiva. As massas polipóides, friáveis, em cavidade nasal, de pacientes que tem contato com água estagnada devem incluir o R. seeberi como diagnóstico diferencial.(AU)

This study aimed to provide the first report of canine rhinosporidiosis in Brazil, discussing its main characteristics clinical, etiologic,pathogenic and its diagnosis. A male dog, mixed breed, with nasal mass history of slow growth for five months, with occasionalnasal bleeding, was submitted to the Surgery and biopsy conducted with subsequent histopathological examination. The resultsshowed the presence of encapsulated compatible with sporangia Rhinosporidium seeberi structures. The owner chose not to conductsurgical or pharmacological treatment, and did not return to the revisions. To date, this is the only case of canine rhinosporidiosisobserved in the country. Clinical findings were common to other global cases. Staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin was simple andconclusive. The polypoid masses, friable, in nasal cavity of patients who have contact with stagnant water should include R.seeberi as differential diagnosis.(AU)

Rinosporidiose nasal canina: relato de caso no Brasil* / Canine nasal rhinosporidiosis: case report in Brazil

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o primeiro relato de rinosporidiose canina no Brasil, discutindo suas principais características clínicas, etiológicas, patogênicas e seu diagnóstico. Um cão macho, sem raça definida, com histórico de massa nasal de crescimento lento há cinco meses, com sangramento nasal esporádico, foi encaminhado ao setor de cirurgia e realizada biópsia com posterior exame histopatológico. O resultado demonstrou a presença de estruturas encapsuladas compatíveis com esporângios de Rhinosporidium seeberi. O proprietário optou por não realizar o tratamento cirúrgico ou farmacológico, assim como não retornou para as revisões. Até o presente momento, este é o único caso de rinosporidiose canina obervado no país. Os achados clínicos foram comuns aos demais casos mundiais da doença. A coloração com Hematoxilina-Eosina foi simples e conclusiva. As massas polipoides, friáveis, em cavidade nasal, de pacientes que têm contato com água estagnada devem incluir o R. seeberi como diagnóstico diferencial.

This study aimed to provide the first report of canine rhinosporidiosis in Brazil, discussing its main characteristics clinical, etiologic, pathogenic and its diagnosis. A male dog, mixed breed, with nasal mass history of slow growth for five months, with occasional nasal bleeding, was submitted to the Surgery and biopsy conducted with subsequent histopathological examination. The results showed the presence of encapsulated compatible with sporangia Rhinosporidium seeberi structures. The owner chose not to conduct surgical or pharmacological treatment, and did not return to the revisions. To date, this is the only case of canine rhinosporidiosis observed in the country. Clinical findings were common to other global cases. Staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin was simple and conclusive. The polypoid masses, friable, in nasal cavity of patients who have contact with stagnant water should include R. seeberi as differential diagnosis.

Is allergic rhinitis a trivial disease?

BACKGROUND: Asthma and rhinitis often coexist, which potentially increases the disease severity and can negatively impact a patients' quality of life. However, there are few reports based on data obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood examining asthma severity in combination with rhinitisrelated symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate whether current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis are associated with the development of asthma or its increasing severity in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: The prevalence of current asthma was correlated with the prevalence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents (13 to 14 year olds) from 16 Brazilian centers (based on Spearman's rank correlation index). The influence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis on asthma presentation was also evaluated using the chi-squared test and was expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of current asthma and current rhinitis (rs = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.60-0.93, p< 0.0001) and between the prevalence of current asthma and current rhinoconjunctivitis (rs = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.47-0.89, p < 0.0001). Current rhinitis was associated with a significantly increased risk of current asthma and of more severe asthma. Similar results were observed for current rhinoconjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: In this epidemiologic study of Brazilian adolescents, the presence of current rhinitis and current rhinoconjunctivitis was associated with a high risk of developing asthma and increased asthma severity. The mutual evaluation of rhinitis and asthma is necessary to establish an adequate treatment plan.

Effects of biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties after sugarcane harvesting.

OBJECTIVE: Biofuel from sugarcane is widely produced in developing countries and is a clean and renewable alternative source of energy. However, sugarcane harvesting is mostly performed after biomass burning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of harvesting after biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and the nasal mucus properties of farm workers. METHODS: Twenty seven sugarcane workers (21-45 years old) were evaluated at the end of two successive time-periods: first at the end of a 6-month harvesting period (harvesting), and then at the end of a 3-month period without harvesting (non-harvesting). Nasal mucociliary clearance was evaluated by the saccharine transit test, and mucus properties were analyzed using in vitro mucus contact angle and mucus transportability by sneeze. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, body temperature, associated illness, and exhaled carbon monoxide were registered. RESULTS: Data are presented as mean values (95% confidence interval). The multivariate model analysis adjusted for age, body-mass index, smoking status and years of working with this agricultural practice showed that harvesting yielded prolonged saccharine transit test in 7.83 min (1.88-13.78), increased mucus contact angle in 8.68 degrees (3.18-14.17) and decreased transportability by sneeze in 32.12 mm (-44.83 to -19.42) compared with the non-harvesting period. No significant differences were detected in any of the clinical parameter at either time-period. CONCLUSION: Sugarcane harvesting after biomass burning negatively affects the first barrier of the respiratory system in farm workers by impairing nasal mucociliary clearance and inducing abnormal mucus properties.