RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fluorogold (FG) is used by many groups to retrogradely trace nervous system pathways. Fluorogold, while a robust tracer, also is neurotoxic and causes tissue damage at the injection site and leads to motor deficits. NEW METHOD: In the current study, we describe a method for enhancing FG-uptake using Triton™ and an overall procedure for reducing FG-related tissue damage while still allowing effective quantification. RESULTS: Triton™ decreases the amount of FG, as well as the time required for long-distance transport from the thoracic spinal cord to the motor cortex by >4 fold when this distance is >10in. Although small FG concentrations and injection volumes are ideal for minimizing associated tissue damage and motor deficits, they result in difficult-to-detect fluorescence. This can be solved using FG antiserum paired with an ABC chromogen reaction. This ABC chromogen reaction product can remain stable for at least 9 years. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): This study is the first to collectively address FG-induced tissue damage and describe methods for minimizing this damage. CONCLUSIONS: Triton™ enhances the uptake of FG in the nervous system, reduces the FG required, and allows for a substantial decrease in tracing time that limits FG-induced motor deficits. Small FG concentration and volume decreases tissue damage but also decreases FG fluorescent detection. Detection challenges are resolved using FG anti-serum and chromogen reactions.
Assuntos
Netuno , Técnicas de Rastreamento Neuroanatômico , Marcadores do Trato Nervoso , Estilbamidinas , Animais , Benzoxazinas , Gatos , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Córtex Motor/patologia , Necrose/etiologia , Necrose/patologia , Marcadores do Trato Nervoso/efeitos adversos , Medula Espinal/citologia , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal/patologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologia , Estilbamidinas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In a retrospective study of 51 cases of systemic North American blastomycosis 11 patients were found to have genitourinary tract involvement, the prostate and epididymis being most commonly affected. Diagnosis was made by culture of the fungus from urine, abscess or prostate secretions, morphologic identification of the characteristic organism in urine or secretions, or histologic examination of tissue specimens. Treatment with amphotericin B reduced the mortality rate of 90 per cent to as low as 10 per cent. Long-term followup is necessary because of a relapse rate of 10 to 15 per cent.
