Impacto del tratamiento nutricional en pacientes tributarios de cirugía toraco abdominal: informe preliminar / The impact from the suitable nutritional treatment to the undernourished surgical patients: preliminary shapeless

En el estrés quirúrgico, las necesidades de nutrimentos básicos se incrementan, por lo que en un paciente con desnutrición energético nutrimental, aumentan las complicaciones como la sepsis, el retraso en la cicatrización de las heridas, la dehiscencia en las suturas, y otras, lo que empeora el pronóstico.2, 3 Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del tratamiento nutricional indicado a los pacientes quirúrgicos desnutridos, valorar las complicaciones y la estadía hospitalaria en los pacientes del grupo estudio y control. Método: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes ingresados en las salas de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García, en dos grupos: casos y controles. Se realizó tratamiento nutricionalperioperatorio a los pacientes desnutridos del grupo de estudio y a los del grupo control se les dejó con el tratamiento tradicional. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva de todas las variables cuantitativas. Se aplicó test de chi cuadrado para determinar asociación entre variables y se compararon las medidas antropométricas antes y después del apoyo nutricional, mediante el estadígrafo de la prueba t de Student. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de casos mejoraron significativamente su estado nutricional preoperatorio y tuvieron menos complicaciones que los pacientes del grupo control. Es de gran importancia que se mejore el estado nutricional de los pacientes que van a ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente, para reducir las complicaciones y alcanzar una más rápida recuperación en los pacientes quirúrgicos(AU)

In the surgical stress the necessities of basic nutriments are increased. In a patient with malnutrition energy nutrimental, they increase the complications like the sepsis, the delay in the scaring of the wounds, the dehiscencia in the sutures, and other, what worsens the presage. Objectives: To evaluate the impact from the suitable nutritional treatment to the undernourished surgical patients, to value the complications and the hospital demurrage in the patients of the group study and control. Method: 50 patients were studied entered in the rooms of Surgery of the General University Hospital Calixto García, in two groups: cases and controls. Was carried out treatment nutritional perioperatorio to the undernourished patients of the study group and those of the group control they were left with the traditional treatment. Descriptive statistic of all the quantitative variables was obtained. Test of square chi was applied to determine association among variables and the measures antropométricas were compared before and after the nutritional support by means of the statistician of the test t of Student. Summations: The most of patients of the group of cases improved their preoperative nutritional state significantly and they had less complications that the patients of the group control. It is of great importance that improves the nutritional state of the patients that will be intervened surgically, to reduce the complications and a quicker recovery is reached in the surgical patients(AU)

Could activated tissue remodeling be considered as early marker for progressive valve degeneration? Comparative analysis of checkpoint and ECM remodeling gene expression in native degenerating aortic valves and after bioprosthetic replacement.

OBJECTIVES: Aortic stenosis is the leading cause of heart valve disease in elderly. Little is known about molecular mechanisms leading to altered left ventricular geometry generally and, particularly, to remodeling of degenerating aortic valve. Alterations in native degenerating aortic valves and valvular tissue after replacement might result from a stage specific tissue remodeling protein core induced by stress responsible factors. Here we were looking for a possible stage specificity of tissue remodeling and stress responsive checkpoint gene activation in native degenerating human aortic valves and bioprosthetic valvular tissue after replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens of native degenerating aortic valves as well as bioprosthetic valves after replacement were tested for their morphological properties. Native degenerating valves were selected for two groups: non-calcified (7 samples) and calcified (5 samples) one; the third group (5 samples) was consisting of bioprosthetic valve samples after replacement. Individual mRNA-pools were isolated from each tissue sample, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed. Target transcripts of p21(waf1/cip1), MT1-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured. The specificity was controlled by restriction analysis of PCR products. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: According to the abundant expression of p21(waf1/cip1), a highly activated stress response was found in non-calcified native degenerating aortic valves, whereas no stress response was monitored in valvular tissue after replacement. Whereas MT1-MMP expression was almost equally induced in all three groups investigated, MMP-9 was higher expressed in non-calcified versus calcified native valves, and was not expressed after replacement. An induced expression of MMP-2 was detected in non-calcified native degenerating aortic valves only. An abundant expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 was observed in all three groups tested. Apparently, the ECM degradation potential is specifically enhanced in non-calcified native degenerating aortic valves e.g. at the early degeneration stages. In contrast, the replaced valves were found to be actively resorbing tissue with no detectable stress response, where both MT1-MMP and TIMP-1 might play the key role in geometry remodeling.

Transobturator Tape (TOT) for treatment of female stress incontinence : early experience

Objective Evaluation of the transobturator tape (TOT); the newest tension-free technique for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and its early results with 6 months follow up. Patients and Methods This study was conducted at King Saud Hospital; Saudi Arabia; between September 2002 and March 2004. Fourteen cases with pure SUI were treated with Uratape; a low- elasticity polypropylene tape; according to the technique described by Delorme1;2. Preoperative assessment included full history; urogynecological examination; cough stress test; Q-tip test; cystogram and urodynamic studies. Perioperative cystoscopy was also done. Results No intraoperative complications were recorded. Postoperative complications included transient incisional pain in 2 (14.3); transient voiding difficulty in 5 (35.7) and urgency and frequency withmild pyuria in 3 cases (21.4). Mild groin ecchymosis was seen in 5 cases (35.7). Vaginal wound infection and wound dehiscence with subsequent tape removal occurred in one case only (7.1) Twelve cases (85.7) achieved full continence and one patient (7.1) had minimal leak with extreme stress but was fully satisfied. Conclusion From the promising results of our early experience we conclude that the TOT procedure is a simple; safe; fast and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of SUI in women with few minor complications and a high success rate. Further studies on a larger number of patients will however be needed to confirm these results

Indications for cesarean deliveries in Norway.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the indications for cesarean deliveries in Norway, related to type of operation, parity, and gestational age. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective survey that used information provided by clinicians at 24 maternity units. Two thousand seven hundred seventy-eight cesarean deliveries were included, which represents 69.7% of all cesarean deliveries in Norway during the study period. RESULTS: The cesarean delivery rate varied by maternal and gestational age, parity, and hospital of delivery. Seven indications accounted for 77.7% of the operations: fetal stress (21.9%), failure to progress (20.7%), previous cesarean delivery (8.9%), breech presentation >or=34 weeks of gestation (8.4%), maternal request (7.6%), preeclampsia (6.2%) and failed induction (4.0%). Of the total deliveries, 64.3% were emergency operations. CONCLUSION: Accurate information about indications for cesarean deliveries in Norway has been obtained. Two thirds of all deliveries were emergency operations; the most important indications were fetal stress and failure to progress. In the elective cesarean delivery group, the two most important indications were previous cesarean delivery and maternal request.

Serum E-cadherin concentrations and their response during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum levels of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin have been associated with the presence of tissue injury and inflammation. We compared soluble E-cadherin response during laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. METHODS: The E-cadherin response to surgery was studied in 16 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 12 patients undergoing open cholecystectomy. Serum E-cadherin levels were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) preoperatively, 10 and 30 min after the commencement of surgery, and at 6 and 24 h following the operation. RESULTS: Serum E-cadherin levels decreased progressively during laparoscopic cholecystectomy; their concentrations at 24 h after surgery were significantly lower when compared with preoperative values. In the open cholecystectomy group, serum E-cadherin levels did not differ from preoperative values at any time point. Serum E-cadherin concentrations at 24 h after surgery and the cumulative E-cadherin response were significantly higher in the open cholecystectomy group than in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSION: Compared with open cholecystectomy, the cumulative E-cadherin response is significantly reduced following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Morphometric and biomechanical remodelling in the intestine after small bowel resection in the rat.

The short-bowel syndrome is a clinical condition caused by intestinal resection. As intestinal adaptation occurs after resection, it can be used as a model for studying morphometric and biomechanical remodelling in the small intestine and to get a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the short-bowel syndrome. The resected rats had a 67% resection of jejunum and ileum. Control animals underwent no operation (nonoperated controls) or an ileal transection with subsequent end-to-end anastomosis (sham-resected controls). The animals were followed for up to 4 weeks after the operation. Changes in biomechanical properties were studied in terms of residual strain (the internal strain remaining when all external loads are removed), opening angle and stress--strain relations referenced to the zero-stress state (the cut-open state where external and internal stresses are released). The resected animals gained less weight than the controls. The intestinal length and diameter increased more in the resected groups than the control groups (P < 0.05), resulting in a larger absorptive surface. Resection induced profound gross morphometric changes and histological alterations characterized by proliferative increases in the tissue layers. The opening angle, along with residual strain at the mucosal and serosal surface, increased in the remnant small intestine (P < 0.05). All changes increased as function of postoperative time and were most prominent in the remnant ileum. However, the stress-strain relationship remained unchanged. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that resection of the majority of the small bowel results in significant remodelling in structural and residual strain properties in the remnant small intestine. The remodelling seems to be guided by the need for a greater absorptive surface area rather than for a change in the stress-strain properties.

[The mechanisms for the decrease in gastric motor-evacuatory function after performing a vagotomy]. / Mekhanizmy snizheniia motorno-évakuatornoi funktsii zheludka posle vypolneniia vagotomii.

In experiment on white rats in was established that after the truncal vagotomy performance in the stress gastric ulcer the lowering of the serotonin and histamine blood content was noted as well as the disorder of ratio of their concentration in gastric wall. Insufficiency of serotonin causes the disorder of gastric motor-evacuation function after the operation. Administration in postoperative period of serotonin adipinate had promoted the raising of serotonin concentration in blood and gastric tissues, histamine level lowering, enhancement of serotonin/histamine ratio.

Effect of fentanyl citrate anesthesia on protein turnover in patients with esophagectomy.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether high doses of fentanyl anesthesia reduced the surgical stress level and to elucidate the effect of fentanyl anesthesia on protein turnover after esophagectomy. Seventeen male patients with esophageal cancer were divided into two groups, conventional anesthesia (CA) and fentanyl anesthesia (FA). The FA patients received 134.0 +/- 15.3 microg/kg fentanyl citrate and the CA patients 15.7 +/- 7.4 microg/kg fentanyl during the surgery. Protein turnover was measured by the method of bolus infusion of [15N]glycine (1 g). High dose of fentanyl anesthesia reduced cortisol levels during the surgery (CA 38.0 +/- 13.8 pg/ml vs FA 13.5 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 levels in the plasma after the surgery (P < 0.02). The postoperative nitrogen retention was greater with fentanyl anesthesia than with conventional anesthesia. Both protein synthesis and breakdown rates were increased with fentanyl anesthesia, while they were unaltered in CA patients. Postoperative fibrinogen synthesis rate was greater with FA than with CA (CA 51.1 +/- 9.2%/day vs FA 100.9 +/- 14.0, P < 0.01). The protein turnover and fibrinogen synthesis data suggested a shorter duration of shock phase in FA patients than in CA patients. We concluded that a high dose of fentanyl anesthesia reduced surgical stress levels and shortened the postoperative shock phase, resulting in a nitrogen-sparing effect.

[Surgical treatment of stress ulcer]. / Kum operativnoto lechenie na stres ulkusite.

Results are reported of the operative treatment of stress ulcers by a refined method of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), selective vagotomy (SV) with distal resection (DR) completely preserving the blood supply to the stomach along the minor curvature. For the period 1981-1988 a total of 82 patients with severe hemorrhage from stress ulcers have been treated. Thirty two of them were operated. In 2 patients SPV was performed by a modification suggested by the author and in another 6--SV also by modified technique with antrectomy B I. All patients recovered, none of them died. The results were compared with those in classical resection (17 operations, 1 reoperation, 12 repeated hemorrhagic episodes, 14 lethal cases) and with ulcer suturing (7 operations, 2 reoperations, 2 repeated hemorrhagic episodes, 7 lethal cases). The methods of SPV and SV with DR are recommended by the author as methods of choice, as they are pathogenetically grounded: satisfactory anacidity is achieved and the perfusion capacity of the stomach is preserved.

Modificaciones en los niveles plasmáticos de prolactina en mujeres en edad reproductiva bajo el efecto de anestesia y estrés quirúrgico / Modifications in prolactin plasma levels in women in reproductive age, under effects of anesthesia and surgical stress

En el presente trabajo se estudian los efectos de la anestesia y el estres quirúrgico sobre los niveles séricos de prolactina por medio de determinaciones periódicas en mujeres que fueron sometidas a cirugía pélvica por diversas alteraciones ginecológicas. En algunos casos también se midió hormona folículo estimulante y hormona Luteinizante. Los niveles de prolactina se elevaron consistentemente durante el periodo preoperatorio y éstos se mantuvieron altos en el periodo operatorio. En contraste, no se apreciaron modificaciones estadísticamente significativaas en las concentraciones circulantes de hormona luteinizante y folículo estimulante. Estos datos sugieren un efecto directo sobre el eje hipótalamo de los medicamentos usados durante la anestesia más que el estres quirúrgico

Changing patterns of gastrointestinal bleeding.

This study, a retrospective analysis of 351 patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, was undertaken to define patterns of disease and age-related operative and mortality rates and to determine changes over time related to changes in management. One third (116 patients) of the admissions had bleeding esophageal varices. Upper GI hemorrhage accounted for 85% (N = 200) and lower GI hemorrhage for 15% (N = 35). Emergency surgical intervention was required in 90 patients (38%), 40% of the upper and 29% of the lower GI hemorrhage patients. Benign ulcer disease accounted for 86% of the cases requiring emergency surgery and was treated with vagotomy and drainage and/or oversewing. Lower GI bleeding is seen in older patients; it has a lower operative intervention rate and a higher mortality. Stress bleeding as a surgical lesion has disappeared since 1979. A more assertive policy for surgical intervention has decreased operative mortality for all age groups. Bleeding duodenal ulcers are decreasing in incidence while gastric lesions appear to be increasing. These population-specific patterns, different from earlier periods, may have implications for training and patient management decisions.

Acute peptic ulcer in childhood. Emergency surgical therapy in 39 cases.

Acute peptic ulcers occurred in 39 infants and children, 22 girls and 17 boys. Eleven patients were less than one year of age. Peptic ulcers were secondary to systemic disease or ulcerogenic medications in 34 cases. Hemorrhage occurred in 27 patients, perforation in 12. Endoscopy was the most useful diagnostic procedure for hemorrhage. Free air was seen on abdominal roentgenogram in all perforated patients. Ligation of the ulcer bed, vagotomy, and pyloroplasty were performed in 25 patients with bleeding. One patient required total gastrectomy. Simple plication was performed in nine patients with perforation. Plication was combined with pyloroplasty and tube duodenostomy in one patient each, and vagotomy and antrectomy were required in one patient. Operative mortality was 5.2%. There were two late deaths (Reye's syndrome and burn sepsis). No ulcer has recurred.