Associations of vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, and school bullying with depressive symptoms in secondary school students: the mediating role of internet addiction.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have simultaneously focused on the associations of vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, school bullying, and Internet addiction (IA) with depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect effects of the above factors on depressive symptoms in adolescents by constructing a structural equation model (SEM). METHODS: This study was conducted in Qingdao from September to November 2021. A total of 6195 secondary school students aged 10-19 years were included in the analysis. Information on all variables was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. An SEM was constructed with depressive symptoms as the endogenous latent variable, IA as the mediating variable, and vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, and school bullying as the exogenous latent variables. The standardized path coefficients (ß) were the direct effects between the latent variables, and the indirect effects were obtained by the product of direct effects between relevant latent variables. RESULTS: The median value with the interquartile range of depressive symptom scores was 7 (3,12). Vegetable and fruit intake (ß=-0.100, P<0.001) and physical activity (ß=-0.140, P<0.001) were directly negatively related to depressive symptoms. While school bullying (ß=0.138, P<0.001) and IA (ß=0.452, P<0.001) were directly positively related to depressive symptoms. IA had the greatest impact on depressive symptoms. Vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, and school bullying could not only directly affect depressive symptoms, but also indirectly affect depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of IA, the indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were -0.028 (-0.051, -0.007), -0.114 (-0.148, -0.089) and 0.095 (0.060, 0.157), respectively. The results of the multi-group analysis showed that the SEM we constructed still fit in boy and girl groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, school bullying, and IA had a significant direct impact on depressive symptoms, among which IA had the greatest impact. In addition, both vegetable and fruit intake, school bullying, and physical activity indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of IA. The impact of IA on depressive symptoms should be given extra attention by schools and parents. This study provides a scientific and effective basis for the prevention and control of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Group-based exercise for Parkinson's: a qualitative study of participants and partners' perceptions of an exercise class delivered through a community-university collaboration.

BACKGROUND: Community-based exercise programmes (CBEPs) offer a practical and viable approach to providing people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) the opportunity to exercise as an ancillary therapeutic benefit to pharmacological management. This study explores the perceptions of exercising participants (PwP) and non-participating partners involved in an exercise class delivered through a community-university partnership. METHODS: Two separate focus group discussions were conducted: one with class participants (PwP: n = 7, H&Y scale I to III), and the other with non-participating partners of PwP (n = 4). RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the data identified that a range of physical, psychological and social factors were perceived to influence engagement: (1) actively taking control, (2) exercise is medicine for the mind and body, and (3) a community working together to promote exercise for parkinson's. Participants and partners felt that the support from the group, including the instructors and student volunteers, empowered and supported PwP to proactively self-manage their health, enjoy exercise in an inclusive group setting, and develop strong social connections with others in the local Parkinson's community. Support to exercise from healthcare professionals was identified as both an enabler and barrier to participation. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the significance of a community-university partnership as a complementary therapeutic approach for PwP. It also provides critical reflections on its sustainability, including implications for how exercise is considered as medicine for PwP. Additionally, it offers practical recommendations to galvanise community participation and provide inclusive and viable exercise opportunities for PwP.

Gardening and subjective cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study and mediation analyses of 136,748 adults aged 45+ years.

BACKGROUND: Given the benefits of gardening for physical and psychological health, we explored whether gardening was associated with lower risks of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a precursor of dementia, and SCD-related functional limitations. METHODS: Included in this cross-sectional study were 136,748 participants aged 45 + years old from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2019 survey, who were then categorized into three groups according to self-reported exercise status: non-exercisers, gardeners, and other exercisers. SCD was assessed via a questionnaire, and SCD-related functional limitations were referred to as having difficulties in engaging in household or social activities due to SCD. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the associations of gardening with SCD and SCD-related functional limitations, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and health status. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether the observed association between gardening and SCD was mediated by energy expenditure (MET-hours/week), depression status, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. RESULTS: Overall, 11.1% and 5.4% of participants self-reported experiencing SCD and SCD-related functional limitations, respectively. The adjusted OR for gardeners vs. non-exercisers, was 0.72 (95% CI 0.62-0.83) for SCD and 0.57 (95% CI 0.44-0.73) for SCD-related functional limitations. The observed association between gardening and SCD was explained by higher energy expenditure (39.0%), lower likelihood of having depression (21.5%), and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (3.4%) (P<0.05 for all). Similar patterns were observed for SCD-related functional limitations. CONCLUSION: In this nationally representative sample, gardening was associated with better cognitive status, which may be mainly attributed to better depression status and energy expenditure.

Cardiovascular Risk Awareness, Exercise Practices and Metabolic Outcomes among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional, Multicentre Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise helps to mitigate cardiovascular risks in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but there are limited data in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular risk awareness, exercise practices and metabolic outcomes among Nigerians with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at five tertiary hospitals using questionnaire interviews and clinical assessments. Participants' knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge of exercise were assessed on 12- and 5-item scores, while exercise practices were classed as adequate if performed regularly on 3 or more days weekly for a total of 150 min or more based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Mean body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose, serum haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and uric acid were then compared among participant groups. RESULTS: We studied 426 participants with DM, 58.7% females. The mean age was 52.9 ± 13.1 years, with males significantly older than females (54.6 ± 12.2 vs. 51.8 ± 13.5 years; 95% confidence interval: 0.27-5.28, P = 0.03). The mean age at diabetes diagnosis was 44.8 ± 11.7 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 84 months. There was low knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and low knowledge of exercise (mean scores of 2.94 and 2.31, respectively). Forty-three per cent of participants reported adequate exercise, which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.007), male gender (P = 0.001) and formal education (P = 0.021). Participants with adequate exercise had lower systolic BP and serum urea compared to those with inadequate exercise, but there were no significant differences in BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, creatinine or uric acid. CONCLUSION: Participants had low knowledge of cardiovascular risks and the appropriate exercise practices for diabetes patients. There is a need for better patient education on diabetes self-care and exercise at clinic visits.

Ivanilda (Vanny) Reis: encouraging physical activity and sport for everyone.

Vanny Reis talks to Gary Humphreys about the transformative power of sport and physical activity in improving health and well-being throughout people's lives.

Vascular health of fathers with history of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest that men who undergo assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; however, limited data on this matter is available. This observational pilot study aimed to investigate the overall vascular health of fathers with history of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared to fathers whose partners conceived spontaneously. METHODS: Diet quality, physical activity, sedentary behavior as well as overall vascular function including the assessment of pulse wave analysis, intima-media thickness (cIMT), arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) and blood lipids, were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 34 fathers with history of ICSI and 29 controls (48.49 [46.32 - 57.09] years vs. 47.19 [40.62 - 55.18] years, p = 0.061) were included. After adjusting for age, no significantly increased cardiovascular risk was detected regarding vascular function. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an unaltered cardiovascular risk profile in fathers with history of ICSI. In the future, prospective multicenter studies are required to validate these preliminary results.

The Influence of Incentive-Based Mobile Fitness Apps on Users' Continuance Intention With Gender Moderation Effects: Quantitative and Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: A survey conducted by McKinsey & Company reported that, as of May 2022, as many as 26% of Indonesians had recently started to engage actively in physical activity, 32% undertook regular physical activity, and 9% exercised intensely. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has spurred the rapid development of mobile fitness apps (MFAs) used to track people's sports activities. However, public interest in using these apps for any length of time is still relatively low. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of incentives (eg, self-monitoring, social support, platform rewards, and external influence) on the use of MFAs and the moderating effect of gender on users' continuance usage intention. METHODS: The study used a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through a web-based questionnaire and qualitative data from interviews with 30 respondents. The quantitative data, collected from 379 valid responses, were processed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. The qualitative data were processed using thematic analysis. The MFAs included in this research were those used as sports or physical activity trackers, such as Apple Fitness, Strava, Nike Run Club, and Fita. RESULTS: The results of the data analysis show that 3 groups of incentives, namely, self-monitoring, platform rewards, and external influence (with the exception of social support), affect the perceived usefulness of these apps. Gender was also shown to moderate user behavior in relation to physical activity. The study showed that women were more likely to be motivated to exercise by social and external factors, while men paid greater attention to the tracking features of the app and to challenges and rewards. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to the field of health promotion by providing guidance for MFA developers.

Efficacy of a Structured Yoga Intervention Integrated with Routine Care versus Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life of Asthma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Asthma is a chronic disease and its chronicity demands therapy with minimal harm and a good impact on the quality of life of asthmatics. Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy of structured yoga intervention integrated with routine care on asthma patients in improving their pulmonary function and quality of life. Design: The study was a single-blind (outcome assessor) hospital-based randomized controlled trial. Participants: Adults between 18 to 60 years, diagnosed with mild to moderate asthma as per Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, with no exacerbation in the past month before screening, were included in the study. Intervention: A thirty-minute structured yoga intervention was delivered daily by a qualified yoga instructor through a virtual platform. Outcome measures: Questionnaires were utilized to assess the quality of life, and Breath-o-meter equipment was used to measure peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). It was tested at baseline and then at 15 days, 45 days, and 90 days, whereas the quality of life was evaluated once a month. Statistical analysis: Intention to treat analysis was performed to compare the mean outcome between the yoga and control groups using an independent sample t test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The yoga group significantly improved their PEFR and asthma-related quality of life scores compared to the control group (P < .001). A significant difference (F = 539.72, degree of freedom = 1.1618; P < .001) was detected between PEFR values at several time intervals (baseline, day 15, day 45, day 90) in the intervention group on repeated measures analysis of variance. The difference in quality-of-life scores between yoga and control was also statistically significant (P < .001), with an improvement in the quality-of-life domain of external stimuli. Conclusion: When combined with normal asthma treatment, the findings of this study show that structured yoga intervention integrated with routine care is more beneficial than traditional breathing exercises in increasing PEFR and quality of life.

The Impact of Eight Weeks of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise and Nutrition with a Traditional Iranian Medicine Approach on Liver Enzymes in Young Boys.

Objective: The present study aims to explore whether there is a relationship between the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzymes and physical activity and diet from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine to achieve enzymatic balance. Method: The research design is quasi-experimental with three experimental groups and one control group, and includes pre-test and post-test assessments. The sample population consisted of 60 young men aged between 20-40 years attending Asou Sports Club in Ahvaz, who were randomly divided into four 15-member groups, including aerobic exercise, nutrition, combined aerobic exercise and nutrition, and control. The aerobic group received eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, consisting of 3 sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes at 64%-76% of maximum heart rate. Participants were recommended to take mood assessment tests and a personalized diet plan. Individuals with a cold temperament were eligible to participate in the study. The exercise and nutrition group received both interventions, while the control group received no intervention. Blood levels of ALT and AST were measured at a laboratory. Descriptive indices and statistical tests such as multiple and multivariate covariate analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and nutrition with traditional Iranian medicine approach had a significant effect on ALT and AST levels in young boys, resulting in an improved regulation of these enzymes (P < .05). Conclusion: The implementation of dietary restrictions and substitutes, along with appropriate aerobic activities, can be effective in regulating liver enzymes.

Analysis of Common Exercise Modalities in Improving Athletic Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

ABSTRACT: Exercise leads to robust cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits that improve quality of life and longevity for older adults, but accompanying improvements in athletic parameters are less well explored. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the most common exercise modalities, namely, Pilates, martial arts (tai chi, Japanese-style karate, hard martial arts), locomotion (brisk walking/jogging and running), Masters sports, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training, in improving athletic performance for older adults. Regular participation in these activities can have robust yet unique impacts on physical performance that prolong exercise participation. In particular, this review will explore benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, power, strength, flexibility, and balance, thereby hopefully improving endurance, exercise adherence, and overall fall risk. A narrative literature review was performed to explore benefits, pitfalls, and recommendations for some of the most popular exercise modalities for older adults.

[Generational differences in lifestyle changes among outpatients with cardiovascular disease during the coronavirus disease pandemic].

AIM: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruptions in various aspects of daily life. The Japanese Government declared a state of emergency in April 2020, which resulted in reduced physical activity. This study investigated the impact of these lifestyle changes by generation among outpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: In autumn 2020, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,156 CVD outpatients who visited the Department of Cardiology at our institution. The survey collected data on physical activities and changes in daily behaviors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were classified into 3 age groups: middle-aged (n=114, ≤64 years old), semi-old (n=330, aged 65-74 years old), and old (n=712, ≥75 years old). The number of steps per day and sedentary time per day were compared between autumn 2019 and 2020, over the course of the pandemic. RESULTS: In autumn 2020, the number of steps per day was significantly decreased and sedentary time significantly increased in all age groups compared to the pre-pandemic levels. However, there were no significant differences in the extent of changes in steps per day or sedentary time over the study period across all age groups. Regarding changes in daily behaviors, only the old-age group reported a decline in volunteering and reduced utilization of daycare services. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in daily activities and lifestyles across all age groups. Because lifestyle patterns differ across generations, it may be necessary to implement age-specific interventions and procedures.

[A longitudinal study of the association between physical activity and apathy among community-dwelling older adults].

AIM: This study clarified the association between the amount of physical activity and apathy after one year among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Two hundred community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 74.3±5.0 years old, female: 52.5%) who participated in the 2018 and 2019 "Kasama Longevity Health Examination" were included. Apathy was assessed using the Apathy Scale (0-42 points; the higher the score, the lower the motivation), physical activity by Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS). The 2018 PASE data were grouped into tertiles. A multiple regression analysis was performed with the 2019 Apathy Scale as the dependent variable and the 2018 PASE as the independent variable, and the sex, age, years of education, economic situation, body mass index, chronic illness, smoking history, alcohol drinking habits, physical function, cognitive function, GDS, and the 2018 Apathy Scale as adjustment variables. The PASE subcategories (leisure-time, household, and work-related activities) were examined using a similar method. RESULTS: The mean Apathy Scale in 2019 was 14.0±6.2 for the low physical activity group, 12.8±6.0 for the medium physical activity group, and 10.1±5.9 for the high physical activity group. The high physical activity group showed a significant negative association with the Apathy Scale (B=-1.56, 95% confidence interval=-2.91 to -0.21, p=0.023). No association was found for any activity of the PASE sub-items. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of physical activity may protect against apathy among community-dwelling older adults.

An ecological dynamics approach to promote physical literacy and well-being of primary school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of an ecological dynamics (ED) intervention (EDI) on primary school children's physical literacy and well-being in the Hong Kong context. The aim of this project is to introduce a physical literacy and well-being framework through an EDI that allows primary school children to develop good physical activity (PA) and daily behavioural habits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A four-arm (cluster) randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of EDI on physical literacy and well-being in primary schools located in each of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. Four classes in senior primary students (grade 4) at each school will be randomly assigned to the four different conditions. These participating schools will be equipped with sit-stand desks, PA recess facility and equipment, and sleep pillows. The research team will adopt both objective measures (aerobic fitness, fundamental movement skills, daily behaviour-physical activity and cognitive function) and self-reported measures (perceived physical literacy, quality of life, sleep quality) covering the elements and domains of physical literacy and well-being to examine the effects of EDIs at four time points, including baseline assessment, 3 months after intervention, postintervention and 3-month follow-up assessment. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to test for differences in the baseline characteristics of participants between groups. Repeated measure ANOVAs and MANCOVA, with time (baseline, after intervention and follow-up) as within-subjects factor, and intervention group as between-subjects factors, will be used to evaluate the effects of different interventions on the students' physical literacy and well-being. A Bonferonni correction to the p value will be calculated to adjust for multiple tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was sought from the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee in Hong Kong (CREC Ref.No.:2024.027). The finding of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, international conference presentations and academic lectures. For secondary analysis of the data, please contact the corresponding author for permission. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN84025914.

Exploring the reasons for wanting a peer partner to be physically active among women living with and beyond a cancer diagnosis: a content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Initiating and maintaining exercise is challenging for women during and post-cancer treatment. Adopting a peer partner model to provide social support to be active may contribute to lasting behaviour change of both partners. Despite this, finding a "like peer" can be challenging. PURPOSE: To explore women's reasons for seeking an online exercise partner following a diagnosis with cancer (through  www.activematch.ca ). We also examined women's potential sociodemographic and cancer-related differences by reported reasons for wanting an exercise partner. METHODS: Individuals creating an ActiveMatch profile completed demographic and physical activity questions (N = 199, Mage(SD) = 51.9(10.8) years), including an open-ended question regarding their "reason for wanting an exercise partner". An inductive content analysis was completed focusing on the participants' peer exercise partner preferences. Additional chi-square tests were run to assess whether participants differed based on sociodemographic and cancer-related characteristics and their motivations to be active by category of "reason for wanting an exercise partner" endorsed in the open-ended question. RESULTS: The participants' reasons for wanting an exercise partner were coded into seven categories, with most participants highlighting the reasons of motivation (52.3%), social support (48.7%), and accountability and adherence (26.6%). Women < 50 years of age were more likely to report accountability and adherence-related preferences for a partner. Those reporting endorsing weight loss as their primary reason for becoming active were more likely to be categorized as wanting a peer partner for motivation. CONCLUSIONS: While finding a peer partner can be challenging, matching women living with and beyond a cancer diagnosis based on their reason for wanting an exercise partner, as well as their reasons for wanting to be active, may be important to build successful peer exercise partnerships.

The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between neutrophil count and depressive symptoms.

Variations in immune cell counts can trigger depressive symptoms, while physical activity effectively reduces the risk and severity of depressive symptoms. This study, based on the NHANES database, analyzes the relationship between neutrophil count and depressive symptoms and explores the moderating effect of physical activity on this relationship. Cross-sectional data from the NHANES database were extracted, including immune cell counts, PHQ-9 scores for self-assessment of depressive symptoms, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) scores (PA). The interrelations among physical activity, neutrophil count, and depressive symptoms were analyzed. After controlling for confounding factors, neutrophil count was found to have a significant role in identifying depressive symptoms with an odds ratio (OR) [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.13 [1.02, 1.251]; the moderating effect of physical activity on the impact of neutrophil count on depressive symptoms was statistically significant (coefficient = -0.0028, P < 0.05). Neutrophil count may be a significant factor in identifying depressive symptoms in adults. As an effective moderating factor, physical activity can mitigate the impact of neutrophil count on depressive symptoms to a certain extent.

Periodisation Strategies: A Meta-Analysis Unravelling the Impact on Optimising Athletic Peak Performance.

The present study aimed to identify the impact of various periodisation approaches used in training athletes and to identify the effect size of the periodisation technique in improving athletes' peak performance before the main event. Inclusion criteria comprised recruitment of all those studies in which the effects of periodisation training were identified on athletes' peak performance. Various databases such as Google Scholar, Pedro, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched by independent reviewers using the MeSH terms including 'interval training', 'aerobic exercise', 'periodisation,' 'peak performance', and 'athletes'. A sample size of n = 121 participants included in six studies were analysed in which the effects of periodisation methods of training among athletes were estimated for improving their peak performance by assessing jump height and speed, pool effects in the form of random, and fixed effect model were provided to depict cumulative results of all the included studies. In achieving optimisation in athletes' peak performance, inculcating the concept of periodisation is a practical approach. While incorporating periodisation in training, models of training principles must be given ardent importance. Key Words: Exercise training, Sports, Athletes, Periodisation, Peak performance.

Current evidence of integrative oncology modalities for managing adverse effects and survivorship issues among adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and survivors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Symptom burden of cancer diagnosis and treatment has led adolescents and young adult cancer patients (AYAC) and survivors to seek different self-management strategies including integrative oncology (IO) modalities. IO holds great promise to improve survivorship issues in adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. This review aims to encompass the current evidence of IO modalities and to analyze the efficacy of IO for managing survivorship issues among AYA cancer patients and survivors. RECENT FINDINGS: Nineteen randomized controlled trials included in this review evaluated mind and body modalities including both physical and psychological (74%) and psychological only (26%) modalities. Most assessed IO modalities were physical activity (PA) (37%) and structured exercise (10%). Most effective IO modalities found were PA, massage, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and light therapy for treating AYA symptom burden. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB-2) concluded 21% studies had high risk, 58% possessed some concerns and 21% had low risk. SUMMARY: Although evidence has shown that a number of IO modalities may improve survivorship among AYA cancer survivors, more rigorous study designs are needed in order for these modalities to be routinely recommended for use in clinical practice.

Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Status, Mortality, and Prediabetes in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults.

Importance: Data are limited on the association of physical activity (PA) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in prediabetes, especially in racial and ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic and Latino populations. Objective: To determine the association of PA with incident CVD and mortality by prediabetes status among Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included data from 2 cohorts of adults with prediabetes or normoglycemia who were free of CVD at baseline visit: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from baseline examination through 2017, with median (IQR) follow-up of 7.8 (7.2-8.5) years, and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) with non-Hispanic participants from index examination through 2019, with median (IQR) follow-up of 9.6 (8.1-10.7) years. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2022, and January 10, 2024. Exposure: The primary exposure was baseline accelerometry-measured moderate to vigorous PA, insufficient vs sufficient to meet 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) in both cohorts; additional accelerometer-measured exposures in HCHS/SOL were steps per day, sedentary behavior, and counts per min. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcome was a composite of incident CVD or all-cause mortality, whichever came first. Results: This cohort study included 13 223 participants: from HCHS/SOL, there were 9456 adults (all self-identified Hispanic or Latino ethnicity; survey-adjusted mean [SD] age, 38.3 [13.9] years, unweighted counts 5673 (60.0%) female; 4882 [51.6%] with normoglycemia; 4574 [48.4%] with prediabetes), and from FHS there were 3767 adults (3623 [96.2%] non-Hispanic and 140 [3.7%] Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, with 4 [0.1%] participants missing ethnicity; mean [SD] age, 54.2 [13.6] years; 2128 (56.5%) female; 2739 [72.7%] with normoglycemia; 1028 [27.3%] with prediabetes). Not meeting PAG was associated with higher risk of the composite outcome among participants with normoglycemia (vs PAG met; hazard ratio [HR], 1.85 [95% CI, 1.12-3.06]), but not among participants with prediabetes (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.72-1.58]). For HCHS/SOL, no statistically significant association was found between the composite outcome and other PA metrics, although estimated HRs tended to be higher for lower activity in the normoglycemia group but not for the prediabetes group (eg, for steps less than vs at least 7000 per day, the HR was 1.58 [95% CI, 0.85-2.93] for normoglycemia vs 1.08 [95% CI 0.67-1.74] for prediabetes). While there was also no association in HCHS/SOL between the composite outcome and sedentary behavior, results were similar in the prediabetes group (HR per 30 minutes per day of sedentary behavior, 1.05 [95% CI 0.99-1.12]) and in the normoglycemia group (HR, 1.07 [95% CI 0.98-1.16]). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of US Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults, lower moderate to vigorous PA levels were associated with CVD or mortality among participants with normoglycemia but not participants with prediabetes. Adults with prediabetes may benefit from reducing sedentary behavior and improving multiple lifestyle factors beyond improving moderate to vigorous PA alone.