RESUMO
Carbamazepine is one of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and has been widely used to treat depression and seizures, and it cannot be effectively removed during the conventional wastewater treatment processes. In this study, three processes were used for the carbamazepine degradation, including single radiation, radiation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and radiation followed by PMS oxidation. The results show that radiation in the presence of PMS could enhance the degradation and mineralization of carbamazepine, decreasing the absorbed dose required for completely degrading carbamazepine from 800â¯Gy to 300â¯Gy, no matter what the molar ratio of PMS to carbamazepine was. The radiation followed by PMS oxidation significantly increased the mineralization, and the maximum mineralization achieved 46.5% at the dose of 600â¯Gy. Eight intermediates were tentatively identified. Compared to single radiation process, the radiation in the presence of PMS enhanced the transformation of intermediates and the release of ammonium ion. In real wastewater, the radiation in the presence of PMS could effectively remove carbamazepine and considerably decreased the biological toxicity of the wastewater containing carbamazepine.
Assuntos
Carbamazepina/análise , Peróxidos/química , Radiação Ionizante , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Águas Residuárias/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Carbamazepina/efeitos da radiação , Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/análise , Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos da radiação , Oxirredução , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Some drugs, used mainly in treatment of some neurological diseases and hypertension were exposed to gamma-irradiation, and the samples were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The observed spectra were interpreted in terms of some type of alkyl and amine radical fragments. The spectra were computer simulated and the g values of the radicals and the hyperfine structure constants of the free electron with nearby protons were determined. The species were found to be stable at room temperature for more than a year. The samples were found to display no EPR signal without irradiation.
