RESUMO
An 84-year-old woman presented with acute worsening of diarrhoea for a few weeks, with a background of chronic diarrhoea over the past 12 months accompanied by weight loss. Computed tomography during this admission revealed air in the biliary tree and resolution of gallstones in keeping with a cholecystocolonic fistula. Owing to her comorbidities, surgical management was deemed not to be the best option. She was trialled on octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, which effectively resolved her symptoms. This case presents an effective and novel method of managing cholecystocolonic fistulas conservatively in a patient where medical therapy is the ceiling of care.
Assuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Fístula Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
The ratio of the bilirubin concentration in abdominal drainage fluid to the serum bilirubin concentration (d-Bil/s-Bil) has been used as a predictor of biliary fistula (BF) formation after hepatobiliary surgery. The d-Bil/s-Bil ratio is highly influenced by the amount of drainage and is not always reliable, especially when the amount of drainage is large. In this study, the usefulness of the d-Bil/s-Bil ratio and total bilirubin amount in the drainage fluid (TBA) (bilirubin concentration in the drainage fluid x the amount of drainage) as predictors of severe BF (sBF) formation was evaluated retrospectively from the data of 306 patients who had undergone hepatobiliary surgery. Of the 306 patients, 201 patients were included in the training set and the remaining 105 in the validation set, to determine the best parameter to predict sBF formation after hepatobiliary surgery. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the predictive power of TBA was superior to that of the d-Bil/s-Bil ratio throughout the postoperative period, and that the TBA on postoperative day (POD) 1 showed the highest discriminatory power in the training set (area under the curve, 0.789; cutoff value, 470 mg/day). The TBA on POD 1 also showed the highest predictive power for sBF formation in the validation set, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97.1%, and accuracy of 97.1%. In conclusion, TBA may be a more reliable predictor of sBF than the conventionally used d-Bil/s-Bil ratio. Early prediction of sBF may be useful for early removal of unnecessary prophylactic drainage tubes after hepatobiliary surgery.
Assuntos
Bile/química , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/efeitos adversos , Bilirrubina/análise , Líquidos Corporais/química , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Biliar/etiologia , Bilirrubina/sangue , Cefmetazol/administração & dosagem , Cefmetazol/uso terapêutico , Drenagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which predisposes to the formation of fistula. Duodenal involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases and often leads to clinically relevant strictures. However, fistula formation in the duodenum is exceptional. Herein, we report an unusual case of duodenobiliary fistula due to CD occurring in a 65-year-old patient who was successfully treated by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents. This case report highlights the efficacy of anti-TNF alpha agents in the treatment of a bilioenteric fistula because it increases the probability of clinical remission and mucosal healing and therefore reduces the need for surgical treatment which may be associated morbidity.
Assuntos
Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/complicações , Fístula Biliar/complicações , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Duodenopatias/complicações , Fístula Intestinal/complicações , Idoso , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Duodenopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/complicações , Fístula Gástrica/complicações , Abscesso Hepático/complicações , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Fístula Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Abscesso Hepático/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso Hepático/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico , Fístula Brônquica/diagnóstico , Feminino , Fístula/diagnóstico , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapêutico , Equinococose Hepática/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Biliar/etiologia , Criança , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Fístula Cutânea/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Sucção/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Parede Torácica , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Fístula/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coxa da PernaRESUMO
The authors have investigated whether cyclosporine decreases the serum concentration of mycophenolic acid, the active principle of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil, and increases that of the inactive metabolite 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide by reducing their enterohepatic recirculation. Rats were treated daily with methylcellulose (1.66 mL/kg PO) plus 0.9% NaCl (6 mL/kg IP), mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg PO) plus 0.9% NaCl (6 mL/kg IP), methylcellulose (1.66 mL/kg PO) plus cyclosporine (5 mg/kg IP), and mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg PO) plus cyclosporine (5 mg/kg IP). After 14 days a bile fistula was installed to measure the biliary excretion of the immunosuppressants and their metabolites. After 90 minutes blood was taken to determine their concentrations in blood or serum by HPLC. Cyclosporine significantly decreased the serum concentration of mycophenolic acid by 39% and increased, not significantly, that of 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide by 53%. The biliary excretion of 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide was significantly reduced by cyclosporine by 57%, whereas that of mycophenolic acid was not affected. Mycophenolate mofetil did not show a significant effect on either the blood concentration or the biliary excretion of cyclosporine and its metabolites AM1, AM9, AM1c, and AM4N. Cyclosporine significantly decreased the serum concentration of active mycophenolate acid and increased, not significantly, the serum concentration of inactive 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide, presumably by reducing the biliary excretion of this inactive metabolite.
Assuntos
Bile/metabolismo , Ciclosporina/farmacologia , Ácido Micofenólico/metabolismo , Ácido Micofenólico/farmacologia , Animais , Bile/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/química , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Biliar/fisiopatologia , Bilirrubina/sangue , Bilirrubina/química , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclosporina/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Brônquica/tratamento farmacológico , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Idoso , Fístula Biliar/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/secundário , Fístula Brônquica/cirurgia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Terapia Combinada , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Choque Hemorrágico/etiologia , Stents , Veia Cava Inferior/lesõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current management of biliary fistulae includes percutaneous drainage and transpapillary endoscopic biliary stent placement. This study compared time to bile leak resolution for endoscopic stent insertion versus injection of botulinum toxin into the sphincter of Oddi. METHODS: Thirty dogs underwent laparotomy and cholecystectomy without cystic duct closure. After a duodenotomy, dogs were randomized to the control group (Group 1) or one of two treatment groups. Treated dogs either underwent transpapillary stent placement (Group 2) or botulinum toxin injection into the sphincter of Oddi (Group 3). Drains were placed adjacent to the cystic duct stump and output was recorded daily. Resolution of bile leaks was defined as an output of less than 10 mL/day. Necropsy was performed to identify undrained intraperitoneal bile. RESULTS: Data from 28 dogs were available for analysis. The numbers of days for resolution of bile leaks in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively, 9.3 (2.1) days, 2.3 (1.1) days, and 2.6 (1.1) days. There were significant differences in time to resolution of bile leak between Group 1 and both Groups 2 (p < 0.001) and 3 (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.25). CONCLUSION: Sphincter of Oddi injection with botulinum toxin is as effective as endobiliary stent placement in resolving cystic duct leaks in this canine model.
Assuntos
Antidiscinéticos/administração & dosagem , Fístula Biliar/terapia , Toxinas Botulínicas/administração & dosagem , Esfíncter da Ampola Hepatopancreática , Stents , Animais , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Injeções Intralesionais , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Biliary leakage is a problematic complication of hepatobiliary surgery. A novel alternative method is described that can obviate the need for reoperation for refractory biliary fistula. METHODS: Nine patients with large biliary leaks unresponsive to endoscopic drainage underwent N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue occlusion at ERCP. RESULTS: In 7 patients, occlusion was successful with prompt control of the fistula in a single session, averting reoperation. In 1 patient there was a partial response and in another the treatment was unsuccessful. No procedure-related complication occurred over a median follow-up of 35 months (range: 1.6-160 months). CONCLUSION: N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue occlusion is a safe and effective endoscopic method for control of refractory bile leaks that eliminates the need for surgical reintervention.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/lesões , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Embucrilato/análogos & derivados , Embucrilato/uso terapêutico , Esfinterotomia Endoscópica , Adesivos Teciduais/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Colangiografia , Embucrilato/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adesivos Teciduais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Bile leakage after hepatic resection often results in the formation of a biliary-cutaneous fistula. Such a fistula, when caused by an isolated bile duct in the remnant liver, can be intractable. We report a successful case of ethanol injection therapy of an isolated bile duct. A 73-year-old man underwent right hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bile leakage occurred after surgery, and the patient developed a biliary-cutaneous fistula. Fistulography revealed an isolated bile duct in the remnant portion of the caudate lobe without communication to the main biliary system. As conservative management with simple drainage was ineffective, injection therapy with ethanol was performed with a balloon occlusion catheter. After 11 therapy sessions, the bile duct was eradicated, and the biliary- cutaneous fistula was completely healed. The post-treatment course was uneventful. Ethanol injection therapy can be a choice for management of patients with a biliary fistula caused by an isolated bile duct.
Assuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Etanol/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Ductos Biliares Extra-Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Fístula Cutânea/diagnóstico por imagem , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Injeções , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
Bronchobiliary fistula is defined as the passage of bile in the bronchi and in the sputum (bilioptysis). This rare disorder is associated with significant morbidity. Authors review the anaesthetic management of bronchobiliary fistula and recommend the use of double lumen endotracheal tube even in cases with a closed/sealed bronchobiliary fistula.
Assuntos
Anestésicos/uso terapêutico , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Brônquica/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Fístula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Biliar/cirurgia , Fístula Brônquica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Brônquica/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , RadiografiaAssuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Doxiciclina/administração & dosagem , Hepatectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Instilação de Medicamentos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A patient with post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy cystic duct leak successfully treated with conservative treatment is presented. The cystic duct leak was diagnosed through a CPRE where a Oddy sphyncter spasm was noted. The use of a topic Nytroglicerine resulted in a sphincter release and resolution of the fistula. A literature review of the importance of CPRE in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary injuries was carried out. In patients with nondilated bile ducts where the sphincterotomy or endoprothesis undergo with high morbidity, the use of topic nitroglycerine could be an effective alternative procedure.
Assuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Nitroglicerina/administração & dosagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Espasmo/tratamento farmacológico , Esfíncter da Ampola HepatopancreáticaRESUMO
Somatostatin is a potent inhibitory hormone, it's synthetic analogue is more potent and has a prolonged action. It has a wide range of actions in the gastrointestinal system; among which is an anticholeritic action on bile secretion. The use of Sandostatin in the management of a case of complicated biliary fistula is reported; it controlled the fistula reducing its daily output from 200 ml to less than 5 ml per day.
Assuntos
Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Hormônios/uso terapêutico , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Doença de Caroli/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Fístula Biliar/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Biliar/cirurgia , Cefazolina/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Colangite/tratamento farmacológico , Colangite/cirurgia , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/cirurgia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ofloxacino/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Experience in the treatment of 43 patients with pyobiliary fistulas which formed after abscessotomy in amebic abscess of the liver is generalized. The fistulas occurred after open drainage in 29 patients, spontaneous opening of the abscess on the external surface of the body in 8, and after operation for transdiaphragmatic opening of a hepatic abscess in 6 patients. Two groups of patients were distinguished according to the method of completion of the operation. Among the 24 patients of the first clinical group 9 were subjected to drainage of the residual cavity with excision of the fistula, biliary fistulas opening into the cavity were closed in 5 patients, and routine drainage of the cavity was performed in other 5 patients. In 5 cases the operation was completed by plastics of the residual cavity with a pedicle diaphragmatic flap. In the second clinical group, filling of the cavity with the omentum was carried out in 13 patients and a variant of operation suggested by the author was used in 6 patients. The organism's immune reactivity was found to be reduced in prolonged existence of the fistula. The author recommends immunostimulants to be included in the therapeutic complex.