RESUMO
Excessive fluoride intake from residential environments may affect multiple tissues and organs; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Researchers have recently focused on the damaging effects of fluoride on the immune system. Damage to immune function seriously affects the quality of life of fluoride-exposed populations and increases the incidence of infections and malignant tumors. Probing the mechanism of damage to immune function caused by fluoride helps identify effective drugs and methods to prevent and treat fluorosis and improve people's living standards in fluorosis-affected areas. Here, the recent literature on the effects of fluoride on the immune system is reviewed, and research on fluoride damage to the immune system is summarized in terms of three perspectives: immune organs, immune cells, and immune-active substances. We reviewed that excessive fluoride can damage immune organs, lead to immune cells dysfunction and interfere with the expression of immune-active substances. This review aimed to provide a potential direction for future fluorosis research from the perspective of fluoride-induced immune function impairment. In order to seek the key regulatory indicators of fluoride on immune homeostasis in the future.
Assuntos
Fluoretos , Sistema Imunitário , Humanos , Fluoretos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/metabolismo , Fluorose Dentária/imunologia , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/efeitos adversos , Água Desionizada , Esmalte Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS)/síntese química , Fluoreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Fluorose Dentária/imunologia , Fluorose Dentária/patologia , Fluorose Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Hematoxilina/síntese química , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Incisivo , Patologia Bucal , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/classificação , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/imunologiaRESUMO
According to the authors' concept, different forms of trace element deficiency show some general rules of development. All of them are followed by a decrease of immune resistance. Trace element deficiency is never isolated, it is always characterized by trace element unbalance and is followed by a considerable disturbance of metabolism (mineral, lipid, carbohydrate and protein) with relevant manifestations. Reduced immune resistance and pluriglandular endocrinopathy create the conditions for various malignancies.
