Existe associação entre manchas de esmalte em pré-molares e tratamento endodôntico nos seus antecessores decíduos? / Is there an association between enamel stains in premolars and endodontic treatment of their primary molar predecessors?

Objetivo: este estudo longitudinal retrospectivo objetivou avaliar se existe relação entre o surgimento de manchas de esmalte em pré-molares, após o tratamento endodôntico dos seus antecessores molares decíduos.Métodos: as crianças submetidas à pesquisa, pacientes do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), desde a mais tenra idade, foram localizados, juntamente com seus prontuários, e agrupados igualmente em três grupos conforme avaliação: (1) pré-molares sucessores de dentes decíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico com sessão única de Formocresol; (2) pré-molares sucessores de dentes decíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico com CTZ; (3) pré-molares cujos molares decíduos antecessores não possuíam lesões de acometimento pulpar. Um único examinador, com o intuito de identificar manchas de esmalte, avaliou 180 pré-molares, sem conhecimento prévio do histórico clínico ao qual foram submetidos seus antecessores decíduos,utilizando inspeção visual conferindo um índice Cohen´s kappa = 0,90. O teste de Qui-quadrado de Person e o exato de Fisher foram utilizados para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos experimentais e entre os grupos experimentais e o controle, respectivamente, em relação ao surgimento de manchas. O nível de significância adotado nesse estudo foi de 5%. Resultados: foi identificado que 8,3% dos pré-molares tratados com Formocresol e 11,7% tratados com o CTZ apresentaram algum tipo de mancha no esmalte (p>0.05), no entanto, não foram detectadas manchas nos dentes do grupo controle (p<0.05). Conclusão: quando os dentes antecessores decíduos foram submetidos à terapia endodôntico com Formocresol ou CTZ, houve surgimento de manchas em pré-molares, não havendo, no entanto, diferença estatisticamente significante...

Objective: The aim of this longitudinal retrospective study was to investigate whether there is association of the presence of enamel stains in premolars after endodontic treatment of their primary molar predecessors. Method: The children of this research have been patients of the Integral Medicine Institute Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) since their earliest age. The children were localized, their clinical charts were retrieved, and three groups were formed according to the evaluation: (1) successor premolars of primary molars subjected to single-session endodontic treatment with formocresol; (2) successor premolars of primary molars subjected to endodontic treatment with CTZ paste; and (3) successor premolars of primary molars that had no previous pulp involvement. A single examiner blinded to the clinical history of the primary molar predecessors evaluated 180 premolars for enamel stains by visual inspection, with a Cohen?s index kappa=0.90. Pearson?s square chi and Fisher?s exact tests were used to identify the differences among the experimental groups, and between the control and experimental groups, respectively, as regards the presence of enamel stains. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: 8.3% of the premolars that had the primary molar predecessors treated with formocresol and 11.7% of those treated with CTZ had some kind of enamel stain (p>0.05). There were no enamel stains in the teeth of the control group (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: When the primary molar predecessors were subjected to endodontic treatment with both formocresol and CTZ, enamel stains developed in the premolars, though without statistically significant difference...

Mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth pulpotomy. A systematic literature review.

UNLABELLED: Evidence-based dentistry is a critical evaluation, awareness of the available evidence to improve decision making about the care of individual patients and/or communities. OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the available scientific literature on clinical and radiographic results of two materials used in pulpotomy in primary teeth: formocresol and mineral trioxide aggregate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was identified relevant publications through a search of electronic databases such as MEDLINE (Ovid) and The Cochrane Library. To be included in the review, studies had to define the material used in child patients with pulp exposure by caries or tooth-alveolar trauma. RESULTS: Of the 21 articles obtained in the initial phase of the review, only 19 were available in full text and of these only met the requirements for inclusion 6 items, which were confronted, analyzed and discussed later. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical evidence available showed significant differences regarding the use of a material or another. In addition to the findings of clinical follow--radiographic and taking into account the potential toxicity of formocresol suggest the use of mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy of primary teeth.

Cytokine production from human primary teeth pulp fibroblasts stimulated by different pulpotomy agents.

PURPOSE: After exposing the pulp tissue, cytokines are produced that regulate the pulp inflammatory response. The dental literature, however, lacks information on the participation of primary tooth fibroblasts in this process. The purpose of this study was to verify the participation of human primary tooth pulp fibroblasts in the inflammatory process, evaluate the production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-l beta) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) from these cells. METHODS: Pulpotomy agents were applied as conditioned media on cell cultures in the following groups: (1) negative control; (2) positive control (Lipopolysaccharide -LPS); (3) calcium hydroxide (powder); (4) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); (5) adhesive resin; and (6) formocresol. After 24 hours in contact with the cells, the conditioned media were removed, the proteins were extracted from the cells and IL-l beta and IL-8 were quantified by ELISA (Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay). RESULTS: Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (P<0.05) and Tukey's test (P<0.05). It was observed that calcium hydroxide has stimulated the production of IL-l beta, without stimulating IL-8. Conversely, the adhesive resin and formocresol stimulated the production of IL-8, and did not stimulate IL-l beta. MTA stimulated both cytokines in an intermediate level when compared to the other materials. CONCLUSION: Primary tooth fibroblasts can respond immunologically, and different pulp capping materials can help in this process.

The effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide and formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and formocresol (FC) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth. METHODOLOGY: Forty-five primary mandibular molars with dental caries in 23 children [AUTHOR QUERY: How many children?] between 5 and 9 years old were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. The teeth were randomly assigned to the experimental (CH or MTA) or control (FC) groups. After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis, remaining pulp tissue was covered with MTA paste or CH powder in the experimental groups. In the control group, diluted FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and removed; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) paste. All teeth were restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month follow-up. RESULTS: Forty-three teeth were available for follow-up. In the FC and MTA groups, 100% of the available teeth were clinically and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments; dentine bridge formation could be detected in 29% of the teeth treated with MTA. In the CH group, 64% of the teeth presented clinical and radiographic failures detected throughout the follow-up period, and internal resorption was a frequent radiographic finding. CONCLUSIONS: Mineral trioxide aggregate was superior to CH and equally as effective as FC as a pulpotomy dressing in primary mandibular molars. Internal resorption was the most common radiographic finding up to 24 month after pulpotomies performed with CH.

Histological analysis of the association between formocresol and endotoxin in the subcutaneous tissue of mice.

This study performed a histological analysis of the effect of formocresol associated to endotoxin (LPS) in the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Ninety mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=30). Each animal received one plastic tube implant containing endotoxin solution (10 mg/mL), formocresol (original formula) or a mixture of endotoxin and formocresol. The endotoxin and formocresol groups served as controls. The periods of analysis were 7, 15 and 30 days. At each experimental period, tissue samples were collected and submitted to routine processing for histological analysis. Endotoxin and formocresol produced necrosis and chronic inflammation at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, the endotoxin group showed no necrosis, while in the formocresol group necrosis persisted. The formocresol-endotoxin association produced necrosis and chronic inflammation in the same way as observed with formocresol at all experimental periods. In conclusion, formocresol seems not to be able to inactive the toxic effects of endotoxin in connective tissues.

Endodontic microorganism susceptibility by direct contact test.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the duration of the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers by means of the Direct Contact Test. The sealers tested were: Endomethasone - Septodont, Endomethasone C-Septodont, Endion-Voco, Diaket-ESPE, Pulp Canal Sealer-SybronEndo, and AH26-Dentsply DeTrey. The endodontopathic microorganisms (MO) confronted were: Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Candida albicans (Ca), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Test specimens of each sealer were prepared and placed on the surface of agar plates that had been inoculated with each MO, and after predetermined periods, transfers were made from the contact area between the test specimen and the cultured agar and from the area that had not been in contact with the test specimens (control). The results were read as presence/absence of microbial growth and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. It was concluded that the structural features and virulence of endodontopathic microorganisms determine their response to the sealers, independently of the time during which sealers act and the mechanism by which the antiseptic reaches the microorganism, which in this case was by direct contact.

Endodontic microorganism susceptibility by direct contact test

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro la duración del efecto antimicrobiano de los selladores endodónticos mediante la Prueba de Contacto Directo. Los selladores probados fueron: Endomethasone - Septodont®, Endomethasone C – Septodont®, Endion – Voco®, Diaket – ESPE®, Pulp Canal Sealer – SybronEndo® y AH26 – Dentsply DeTrey®. Los microorganismos endodontopáticos (MO) enfrentados fueron: Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Candida albicans (Ca), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) yFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Se prepararon las probetas con cada uno de los selladores, se colocaron sobre la superficie de placas de agar sembradas con cada MO y luego de períodos predeterminados se realizaron repiques de las zonas de contacto probeta-agar sembrado y de la zona que no estuvo en contacto con las probetas (testigo). Se realizó la lectura de los resultados: presencia/ausencia de desarrollo microbiano y se analizaronestadísticamente mediante la Prueba de Kruskal- Wallis. Pudo concluirse que las características estructurales y la virulencia de los microorganismos endodontopáticos son determinantes de la respuesta de los mismos frente a los selladores independientemente del tiempo durante el cual estos actúen y del mecanismo por el cual el antiséptico alcance al microorganismo, en este caso por contacto directo.

Histological analysis of the association between formocresol and endotoxin in the subcutaneous tissue of mice

This study performed a histological analysis of the effect of formocresol associated to endotoxin (LPS) in the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Ninety mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=30). Each animal received one plastic tube implant containing endotoxin solution (10 mg/mL), formocresol (original formula) or a mixture of endotoxin and formocresol. The endotoxin and formocresol groups served as controls. The periods of analysis were 7, 15 and 30 days. At each experimental period, tissue samples were collected and submitted to routine processing for histological analysis. Endotoxin and formocresol produced necrosis and chronic inflammation at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, the endotoxin group showed no necrosis, while in the formocresol group necrosis persisted. The formocresol-endotoxin association produced necrosis and chronic inflammation in the same way as observed with formocresol at all experimental periods. In conclusion, formocresol seems not to be able to inactive the toxic effects of endotoxin in connective tissues.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o efeito da associação do formocresol com endotoxina (LPS) em tecido conjuntivo de camundongos. Noventa camundongos foram divididos em três grupos de 30 camundongos cada. Cada camundongo recebeu um implante subcutâneo de tubo plástico contendo solução de endotoxina (10 mg/ml), formocresol (fórmula original), ou uma mistura de formocresol com endotoxina. Os grupos da endotoxina e formocresol foram considerados grupos controle. Os períodos de análise foram 7, 15 e 30 dias. Após os períodos experimentais, os tecidos foram removidos e submetidos a processamento histológico. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a endotoxina e o formocresol produzem necrose e inflamação tecidual crônica aos 7 e 15 dias e aos 30 dias o grupo da endotoxina não mostrava necrose e no grupo do formocresol a necrose persistiu. A combinação formocresol e endotoxina mostrou necrose e inflamação crônica com resultados semelhantes ao do grupo formocresol para todos os períodos experimentais. Pode-se concluir que o formocresol parece não ser capaz de inativar os efeitos tóxicos da endotoxina.

Antimicrobial effect of propolis and other substances against selected endodontic pathogens.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and intracanal medicaments calcium hydroxide, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, and formocresol by means of the macrodilution method using the reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) and brucella and brain heart infusion media. STUDY DESIGN: The antimicrobial agents were sequentially diluted and tested against anaerobic bacteria Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces israelii, and Clostridium perfringens and against Enterococcus faecalis, with the 5 x 10(5) CFU/mL standardized inocula. The tubes were anaerobically incubated and the minimum inhibitory concentration was detected. Blood agar RCM subcultures were performed to provide minimum bactericidal concentration. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance test. RESULTS: All drugs were effective against all tested strains, without statistical differences. E. faecalis was the less susceptible strain, and RCM broth promoted faster bacterial growth, but there were no significant differences in these results. Ethanol did not influence the antimicrobial effect of EEP.

Antimicrobial endodontic compounds do not modulate alkylation-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, or calcium hydroxide modulate the genotoxic effects induced by the oxidatively damaging agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in vitro by using single cell gel (comet) assay. STUDY DESIGN: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture were exposed directly to formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, or calcium hydroxide (adjusted to 100 microg/mL) for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. Subsequently the cultures were incubated with increasing concentrations (0-10 micromol/L) of MMS in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) for 15 minutes at 37 degrees C or of H2O2 at increasing concentrations (0-100 micromol/L) in distilled water for 5 minutes on ice. The negative control cells were treated with PBS for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. The parameter from the comet assay (tail moment) was assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test followed by a post hoc analysis (Dunn test). RESULTS: Clear concentration-related effects were observed for the genotoxin-exposed CHO cells. Increase of MMS-induced DNA damage was not significantly altered by the presence of the compounds tested. Similarly, no significant changes were observed when hydrogen peroxide was used with the endodontic compounds evaluated. CONCLUSION: Formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, and calcium hydroxide are not able to modulate alkylation-induced genotoxicity or oxidative DNA damage as depicted by the single cell gel (comet) assay.

Paramonoclorofenol canforado e formocresol: empirismo x ciência / Camphorated parachlorophenol and cresol formalin: empirism x science

Procurou-se analisar e discutir, através de uma revisäo da literatura, a estrutura química, o mecanismo de açäo, toxicidade e efetividade dos anti-sépticos no tratamento endodôntico

Pulpotomia em dentes decíduos: análise dos materiais e técnicas / Pulpotomy in deciduous teeth: analysis of materials and techniques

Os diferentes passos das técnicas de pulpotomias em dentes decíduos com formocresol, hidróxido de cálcio e glutaraldeído e suas controvérsias quanto ao uso, foram revistos, concluindo para cada medicamento seu melhor desempenho