Un nuevo método de valoración de la enfermedad psiquiátrica postraumática / A new assessment method of posttraumatic psychiatric pathology

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Servicio de Promoción para la Autonomía Personal en FUNDOWN (Murcia) / No disponible

La Fundación privada FUNDOWN, de Murcia, puso en marcha un programa específico dirigido a promover la autonomía personal y social de las personas con discapacidad intelectual para edades a partir de los 15 años; es decir, cuando abandonan en su mayoría la etapa escolar. Se llama Servicio de Promoción para la Autonomía Personal (SEPAP). Se enmarca dentro del concepto de “Escuela de Vida”, como referente ideológico de los servicios que presta la Fundación a sus usuarios. El artículo describe con detalle la atención multidimensional que presta para alcanzar una mejora de la calidad de vida y que ésta sea una vida independiente y plena, tanto en las relaciones personales, como en la intimidad de la persona; plenamente integrada, tanto en el trabajo como en el ocio; en los derechos como en las obligaciones; hasta convertirse, como dice la ley de la Promoción de la Autonomía Personal, en ciudadanos plenos. Describe detalladamente las distintas fases y programas de que consta el Servicio

FUNDOWN is a private Foundation settled at Murcia (Spain), aimed at promoting the quality of life of young and adult individuals with Down syndrome and other mental disabilities. The article describes the organization of a specific program entitled “Personal Autonomy Promoting Service”, that initiates after the individual leaves the school. In a multidisciplinary approach, the Service offers a set of programs and activities including education, pre-laboral training, social abilities, preparation for independent living and personal autonomy

Ethics, rhetoric, and expectations: responsibilities and obligations of health care systems.

Health care organization foundations and other fund-raising departments often function at an arm's length from the system at large. As such, operations related to their mandate to raise funds and market the organization do not receive the same level of ethical scrutiny brought to bear on other arms within the organization. An area that could benefit from a more focused ethics lens is the use of language and rhetoric employed in order to raise funds and market the organization. Such departments and divisions often utilize overblown promises of miracles and extraordinary advances to convince donors to contribute and to persuade the general public. The result can be a heightened sense of expectation on the part of patients, their families, and the general public as to what can realistically be achieved by the health care system, leading to disappointment and conflict when these expectations are not or cannot be met. This article suggests that such advertising and marketing be subject to the same advertising standards as other businesses.

Biomedicine, public health, and citizenship in the advent of antiretrovirals in Botswana.

Often celebrated as a model of development in Africa, Botswana nonetheless endured a severe HIV epidemic. This article describes the singularity of the Botswana experience in facing AIDS and creating the widest possible access to antiretroviral medications for its citizens. Through exploration of different sets of actors and the construction of their ethics of treatment, it is possible to examine how free and universal access was created within the national antiretroviral program. This article underscores the importance of the site and the local dynamics in the advent of an ethics of access to treatment for Botswana citizens. At the intersection of national citizenship, pharmaceutical philanthropy, and biomedical collaborations, Botswana is an exemplary case (one of the first and unique in its kind) of global health programs for access to drugs in which patients' rights are tied to science and pharmaceutical development. As such it also bears some limitations and concerns over its sustainability.

Corporate philanthropy and conflicts of interest in public health: ExxonMobil, Equatorial Guinea, and malaria.

Equatorial Guinea, the most prosperous country in Africa, still bears a large malaria burden. With massive wealth from oil reserves, and nearly half its population living in island ecotypes favourable for malaria control, only poor governance can explain continued parasite burden. By financially backing the country's dictator and other officials through illicit payments, the oil company ExxonMobil contributed to the state's failure. Now ExxonMobil, having helped perpetuate malaria in Equatorial Guinea, gives money to non-governmental organizations, charitable foundations, and universities to advocate for and undertake malaria work. How, and on what terms, can public health engage with such an actor? We discuss challenges in the identification and management of conflicts of interest in public health activities. We reviewed the business and foundation activities of ExxonMobil and surveyed organizations that received ExxonMobil money about their conflict of interest policies. Reforms in ExxonMobil's business practices, as well as its charitable structure, and reforms in the way public health groups screen and manage conflicts of interest are needed to ensure that any relationship ultimately improves the health of citizens.

Ética y estética en la Cooperación Internacional / Ethics and esthetics in international cooperation

Aunque más optimista, el nuevo informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) continúa arrojando datos escalofriantes sobre las desigualdades no sólo en la esperanza de vida sino en múltiples ámbitos. Muchas organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) relacionadas con la medicina tratan de paliar este desequilibrio. Sin embargo en la opinión pública y entre los actores surgen dudas sobre la idoneidad y la utilidad a largo plazo de la cooperación.Cooperar no significa acudir de cualquier forma a la llamada del sentimentalismo. La cooperación mueve dinero y se han de rendir cuentas. Exige una fuerte formación tanto en valores profesionales como humanos. Obliga a investigar en vacunas o enfermedades extrañas a nuestra sociedad. Cooperar significa «operar con» la contraparte local, según sus necesidades y su proyecto sanitario global. Y finalmente la Cooperación implica la reivindicación de cambio en ciertos aspectos del orden económico mundial.Reflexionamos sobre estos interrogantes y exponemos los diferentes marcos éticos en que se mueven la mayoría de las ONG(AU)

Although more optimistic, the new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to cast horrifying statistics on inequalities, not only in life expectancy but in many areas. Many Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) related to medicine seek to address this imbalance.To cooperate does not in any way appeal to the call of sentimentality. Cooperation moves money and is accountable. It requires a strong background in both professional and human values. It requires research on vaccines and diseases foreign to our society. To cooperate means “operate with” local counterparts, according to their needs and global health project. And finally, cooperation implies the demand for change in certain aspects of the global economic order.We reflect on these questions and describe the different ethical frameworks for the population and NGOs(AU)

[Private foundations Global Health Philanthropy: the problem of conflicts of interest]. / Fondazioni private e filantropia sanitaria globale: il problema dei conflitti di interesse?

Private foundations Global Health Philanthropy: the problem of conflicts of interest. Private foundations are in a position where they are granted several privileges and are very powerful and able to influence global health. A recent article published on Plos Medicine, analyzing five of the largest health foundations highlights the network of interests and conflicts. Many private health foundations have associations with private food and pharmaceutical corporations. In some instances, these corporations directly benefit from foundations grants, and foundations in turn are invested in the corporations to which they award these grants.