RESUMO
Small mammal surgical procedures are a part of clinical veterinary practice and are performed with regularity. Anesthetic and analgesic techniques are important components of any successful small mammal surgical procedure. Many basic surgical principles used in dogs and cats can be directly applied to small mammals, but tissues tend to be smaller and thinner, and hemostasis is critical with small patients due to risk of death with minimal blood loss. Common surgical procedures in small mammals include integumentary mass and abscess excision, reproductive procedures, gastrointestinal foreign body removal, urolith removal, prolapsed tissues associated with the gastrointestinal tract, intra-abdominal mass excision, and hepatic surgery.
Assuntos
Furões/cirurgia , Ouriços/cirurgia , Gambás/cirurgia , Roedores/cirurgia , Animais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Endócrinos/veterinária , Trato Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Genitália/cirurgia , Fígado/cirurgia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/veterinária , Baço/cirurgia , Sistema Urinário/cirurgiaAssuntos
Castração/veterinária , Anticoncepção/veterinária , Implantes de Medicamento/administração & dosagem , Furões , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/epidemiologia , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/veterinária , Animais , Castração/efeitos adversos , Anticoncepção/métodos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Implantes de Medicamento/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Furões/cirurgia , MasculinoRESUMO
Preputial tumours in ferrets are frequently malignant and therefore warrant prompt investigation. As many cases do not respond favourably to surgery, even in combination with radiation therapy, wide surgical resection has been recommended. Such a procedure may necessitate partial or total penile resection but outcomes have thus far not been well described. The current case series describes two ferrets in which surgical resection, including penile amputation, was performed using 10 and 5 mm margins, respectively. In the first case, no recurrence of preputial gland adenocarcinoma was noted for 32 months postsurgery, whereas multiple attempts at surgery and radiation therapy were unsuccessful in the second. These cases suggest that margins of at least 1 cm may help achieve a better outcome. Penile amputation for the treatment of preputial tumours appears to be well tolerated by ferrets, as demonstrated by these cases.
Assuntos
Furões/cirurgia , Neoplasias Penianas/veterinária , Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Amputação Cirúrgica/veterinária , Animais , Masculino , Neoplasias Penianas/cirurgia , Pênis/cirurgiaRESUMO
In the current study, the duration of effectiveness, owner satisfaction and side effects of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist (deslorelin) implant were investigated during a two-year follow-up study in which 61 male and 69 female entire pet ferrets were given a 4.7â mg deslorelin implant as alternative to surgical neutering. In 27 participating non-oestrous jills, a double-blind placebo controlled study was performed to investigate whether a single low dose of medroxyprogesterone (2â mg orally) four days preceding placement of the implant could prevent oestrus induction. The duration of effectiveness of the implant ranged from 301 days to over 1339â days (mean 1012±38â days), with no sex difference present. Over 90 per cent of owners were pleased with the effects of the implant. Minor local side effects were noted in less than 20 per cent of ferrets, which all resolved within a week without treatment. Oestrus was induced in 77 per cent of jills receiving medroxyprogesterone and 50 per cent of jills receiving the placebo, indicating that administration of a low-dose progestogen cannot prevent postimplant oestrus. Based on the minimum duration of effectiveness, it is advised to place a new implant on a yearly basis to guarantee continuous gonadal suppression, although biannual replacement may be sufficient in the majority of ferrets.
Assuntos
Implantes de Medicamento/uso terapêutico , Furões , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Castração/veterinária , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Furões/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Most traumata in small mammals occur at home. Diagnosis and therapy can be compared with that in the dog and cat, but species-specific differences have to be considered. For fracture treatment a butterfly-cast can be sufficient for stabilization in special cases. In most cases satisfying results can be obtained with a "tie-in-fixator" treatment. Dislocations of the elbow joint are treated by reduction or stabilization through suture techniques or temporary arthrodesis.
Assuntos
Fixação de Fratura/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Luxações Articulares/veterinária , Mamíferos/lesões , Analgésicos/classificação , Animais , Artrodese/veterinária , Moldes Cirúrgicos/veterinária , Gatos/lesões , Gatos/cirurgia , Cães/lesões , Cães/cirurgia , Furões/lesões , Furões/cirurgia , Fixação de Fratura/métodos , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/terapia , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Luxações Articulares/terapia , Mamíferos/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Coelhos/lesões , Coelhos/cirurgia , Roedores/lesões , Roedores/cirurgia , Especificidade da Espécie , Contenções/veterinária , Técnicas de Sutura/veterináriaRESUMO
Anesthesia and analgesia should be provided to ferrets that are undergoing potentially painful surgical procedures. The epidural route of administration for anesthetic or analgesic drugs can be used. This column outlines the relevant ferret anatomy, indications and contraindications and technique of epidural administration of anesthesia and analgesia in ferrets.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural/veterinária , Anestesia Epidural/veterinária , Furões/cirurgia , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Anestésicos/administração & dosagem , AnimaisRESUMO
Surgical sterilization of ferrets is a relatively common surgical procedure. It is usually done as a method of contraception and to prevent diseases associated with the reproductive system. This column will describe the anatomy, principles, possible complications and outcomes of surgical ovariohysterectomy in ferrets.
Assuntos
Furões/cirurgia , Histerectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Animais , Feminino , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Ovariectomia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A 10-month-old ferret was diagnosed with heartworm disease and caval syndrome. Associated clinical signs included weakness and a green-colored urine, identified as biliverdinuria. Despite the animal's small size, removal of three heartworms via transvenous heartworm extraction was successfully performed. Although at least one female worm remained in the right ventricle, the majority of clinical signs related to the presence of the heartworms resolved. The ferret was subsequently managed medically with corticosteroids and monthly heartworm prevention. This case documents the presence of biliverdinuria associated with caval syndrome and successful transvenous heartworm extraction in a ferret.
Assuntos
Quilotórax/veterinária , Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/cirurgia , Furões/parasitologia , Furões/cirurgia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Animais , Quilotórax/parasitologia , Quilotórax/cirurgia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/parasitologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Síndrome , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Elbow luxation is a common orthopedic injury in the ferret. The injury is usually caused by trauma but can also occur spontaneously. The most successful treatment involves a combination of surgical and medical intervention. Surgical treatment includes open reduction of the elbow joint and stabilization with orthopedic implants. Medical treatment includes external coaptation, analgesia, and prevention of infection. Owner compliance also plays an important role in return to full function of the luxated ferret elbow joint.
Assuntos
Furões/cirurgia , Luxações Articulares/veterinária , Animais , Parafusos Ósseos/veterinária , Membro Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Membro Anterior/lesões , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Luxações Articulares/terapia , Coxeadura Animal , Masculino , Radiografia , Reoperação/veterinária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This case report describes the diagnosis and resolution of an inter-vertebral disk prolapse in a 6-year-old ferret. No predisposing causes were found in the patient's history. A right hemilaminectomy, performed 1 week after presentation, was chosen to treat the patient surgically, and complete remission of clinical signs was achieved 2 months after presentation.
Assuntos
Vértebras Cervicais , Furões , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/veterinária , Laminectomia/veterinária , Animais , Furões/cirurgia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Laminectomia/métodos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Furões , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/uso terapêutico , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Progesterona/análogos & derivados , Animais , Implantes de Medicamento , Feminino , Furões/cirurgia , Masculino , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Orquiectomia/métodos , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Ovariectomia/métodos , Progesterona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Nissen fundoplication is of proven effectiveness in the surgical control of gastro-oesophageal reflux. However, our understanding of the effects of fundoplication upon foregut physiology is incomplete and post-operative symptoms are often poorly understood. This experimental study aimed systematically to characterize the tissue response to fundoplication in an animal model, to improve understanding of the effects of anti-reflux surgery upon foregut physiology. Nissen-type fundoplication was performed in the ferret, and the tissue response at 3 months examined histologically. Sham-operated animals that underwent laparotomy but no dissection or wrap, acted as controls. In fundoplicated animals, serosal fibrosis was observed in the gut wall, with patchy replacement of muscle by fibrous tissue. The ventral and dorsal vagal nerve trunks were identified intact within the wrap. In cases where the wrap had spontaneously disrupted, fibrosis was more extensive and there was evidence of nerve damage. This is the first systematic description of the histopathological response to Nissen fundoplication. In the intact wrap, the vagal trunks appear spared, but there is fibrosis in the serosa, extending into the muscularis of the distal oesophagus and region of the cardia. These findings are discussed in relation to the effects of Nissen fundoplication upon gastric physiology and postoperative symptoms.
Assuntos
Esôfago/patologia , Furões/cirurgia , Fundoplicatura , Estômago/patologia , Animais , Junção Esofagogástrica/metabolismo , Junção Esofagogástrica/patologia , Esôfago/inervação , Esôfago/metabolismo , Esôfago/cirurgia , Furões/fisiologia , Fibrose , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estômago/inervação , Estômago/cirurgia , Nervo Vago/patologia , Nervo Vago/cirurgiaRESUMO
Use of diode laser energy with fiberoptic endoscopic delivery in exotic animal and avian practice offers a minimally invasive method for performing specific surgical procedures. Trauma and blood loss are minimized, but the absorption characteristics of the diode laser wavelengths (805/980 nm) must be considered to avoid potential postoperative complications due to collateral photothermal coagulative necrosis.
Assuntos
Aves/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser/veterinária , Mamíferos/cirurgia , Répteis/cirurgia , Animais , Furões/cirurgia , Iguanas/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser/instrumentação , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Coelhos/cirurgia , Roedores/cirurgia , Sciuridae/cirurgia , Tartarugas/cirurgiaRESUMO
A retrospective study was performed on eight dogs, one cat, and one ferret with ruptured ureters secondary to blunt trauma. The most common physical examination findings were abdominal distension/discomfort (in five of 10 animals) and gross hematuria (in five of six animals). Multiple organ injury was also common (in seven of 10 animals). Loss of retroperitoneal and peritoneal detail was the most common radiographic finding (in four of six animals). Ureteronephrectomy was the most common surgical procedure (performed in five out of seven procedures). Three of the five cases discharged were available for follow-up and have had no evidence of associated problems.
Assuntos
Ureter/lesões , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/veterinária , Animais , Gatos/lesões , Gatos/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cães/lesões , Cães/cirurgia , Feminino , Furões/lesões , Furões/cirurgia , Masculino , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Radiografia , Registros/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ruptura/diagnóstico , Ruptura/diagnóstico por imagem , Ruptura/epidemiologia , Ruptura/veterinária , Ureter/diagnóstico por imagem , Ureter/cirurgia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Signs of oestrus, including vulvar swelling and alopecia are frequently seen in ovariectomized ferrets. Between 1997 and 1999, 25 ovariectomized ferrets presented with symptoms of vulvar swelling and symmetric alopecia at the University Clinic of Companion Animals. In 18 of these animals, ovarian remnants were found. To prevent failure to remove all ovarian tissue in the ferret, thorough identification of the ovaries, which are surrounded by large fat deposits, is necessary. The incision should be long enough to allow good visualization of the surgical field.
Assuntos
Detecção do Estro , Furões/fisiologia , Furões/cirurgia , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Alopecia/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Furões/anatomia & histologia , Ovariectomia/normas , Ovário/patologia , Reoperação/veterinária , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
GABA(B) receptors influencing vagal pathways to the lower oesophageal sphincter and heart were investigated. In urethane-anaesthetized ferrets, the GABA(B) agonist baclofen (7 micromol kg(-1) i.v.) increased basal lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure. This was reversed by antagonism with CGP35348 (100 micromol kg(-1) i.v.). Baclofen's effect was abolished by vagotomy, suggesting a central action, yet it was ineffective when given centrally (3 - 6 nmol i.c.v.). Peripheral vagal stimulation (10 Hz, 5 s duration) caused LOS inhibition, followed by excitation, then prolonged inhibition. Bradycardia was also evoked during stimulation. Bradycardia and LOS responses were abolished after chronic supranodose vagotomy, indicating that they were due to stimulation of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones, not antidromic stimulation of afferents. Baclofen (1 - 10 micromol kg(-1)) reduced bradycardia and enhanced LOS excitation, which was also seen in animals pretreated with atropine (400 microgram kg(-1) i.v.) and guanethidine (5 mg kg(-1) i.v.), but not in those pretreated with L-NAME (100 mg kg(-1) i.v.). Effects of baclofen (7 micromol kg(-1) i.v.) on vagal stimulation-induced LOS and cardiac responses were unchanged by the GABA(B) antagonists CGP35348 or CGP36742 (up to 112 micromol kg(-1) i.v.), but were reversed by CGP62349 (ED(50) 37 nmol kg(-1) i.v.) or CGP54626 (ED(50) 100 nmol kg(-1) i.v.). Responses of isolated LOS strips to electrical stimulation, capsaicin, NK-1, NK-2 and nicotinic receptor agonists were all unaffected by baclofen (=200 microM). We conclude that baclofen reduces vagal output at two peripheral sites: one presynaptically on pre-ganglionic neurones (CGP35348-insensitive), and another (CGP35348-sensitive) that could not be identified. This demonstrates heterogeneity of GABA(B) receptors through differential sensitivity to antagonists.
Assuntos
Esôfago/fisiologia , Coração/fisiologia , Receptores de GABA-B/metabolismo , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Animais , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Esôfago/inervação , Feminino , Furões/cirurgia , Frequência Cardíaca , Masculino , Vias Neurais , Agonistas Nicotínicos , Receptores da Neurocinina-1/agonistasRESUMO
Surgical procedures in ferrets share similarities with those performed in other species, but attention must be paid to important anatomic and physiologic differences. As the numbers of these endearing animals kept as pets is steadily increasing, veterinary practices are presented with more requests for a greater variety of surgical procedures.
Assuntos
Abdome/cirurgia , Furões/cirurgia , Adrenalectomia/veterinária , Animais , Histerectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Esplenectomia/veterinária , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodosRESUMO
This article describes the most common extra-abdominal surgeries performed in ferrets, including anal sacculectomy for descenting, mammary and prepucial adenoma or adenocarcinoma removal, chordomas, and perineal urethrostomy. Thoracotomy and special considerations for performing surgery on ferrets also are discussed.
Assuntos
Furões/fisiologia , Furões/cirurgia , Sacos Anais/cirurgia , Anestesia/veterinária , Animais , Cordoma/cirurgia , Cordoma/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/cirurgia , Pênis/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/veterinária , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Toracotomia/veterinária , Uretra/cirurgiaRESUMO
This series of articles on the ferret provide a practical handout for companion animal practitioners. Aspects concerning the housing, nutrition, and reproduction of ferrets are briefly described, followed by a more detailed description of diagnostic procedures such as blood collection, anaesthesia, small surgical procedures, preventive veterinary care, and hospitalization. Frequently seen clinical problems with their differential diagnosis are discussed, and the cause, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, therapy and, if applicable, prevention and control of these disorders are briefly described.